血管内皮生长因子在乳腺癌中的表达及其与P53蛋白的关系

目的 :探讨血管内皮生长因子 (vascularendotherialgrowthfactor ,VEGF)在乳腺癌中的表达及其与乳腺癌P5 3蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达之间的关系 ,以及它们与乳腺癌临床病理特征间的关系。方法 :采用免疫组织化学方法检测 88例乳腺癌 ,10例正常乳腺组织以及 10例乳腺良性肿瘤手术标本的VEGF和P5 3蛋白的表达。结果 :在 88例乳腺癌病例中 ,有淋巴结转移的VEGF阳性表达率 (94.2 9% )明显高于无淋巴结转移的VEGF阳性表达率 (49.0 6 % ) (P <0 .0 0 1) ,VEGF阳性表达率与乳腺癌肿瘤大小无关系 (P >0 .1)。P5 3蛋白表达与乳腺癌淋巴结状况 (P >0 .5 )及肿瘤大小 (P >0 .1)无关系。在VEGF表达阳性患者的P5 3蛋白表达阳性率 (45 .76 % )明显高于VEGF表达阴性患者的P5 3蛋白表达阳性率 17.2 4% (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :VEGF在乳腺癌的发生发展及转移中发挥重要作用 ;P5 3基因失活和突变能降低血管生成阻止因子的分泌从而激发VEGF在肿瘤中的表达 ,促使乳腺癌的发生发展和转移。     

Survivin和细胞周期蛋白D1在乳腺癌中表达的临床意义

目的 :探讨 Survivin和细胞周期蛋白 D1(Cyclin D1)在乳腺癌中表达的临床意义。方法 :免疫组化链霉菌素 -生物素 (S- P)法对术前未使用过化疗、放疗及免疫治疗的乳腺癌 82例 (其中腋下淋巴结转移 6 1例 ) ,15例乳腺良性肿瘤和 15例正常乳腺组织作对照 ,检测 Survivin和 Cyclin D1的表达情况。结果 :Survivin和 Cyclin D1在乳腺癌组织表达 (79.2 7% )显著高于乳腺良性肿瘤 (2 0 .0 0 % )和正常乳腺组织 (6 .6 7% ) ,且差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,在有转移癌中的表达 (86 .88% )显著高于无转移癌者 (5 7.14 % ) ,且差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。两者在乳腺癌中的表达密切相关 (P<0 .0 1)。 Survivin和 Cyclin D1表达与癌的不同类型、不同分级无关。结论 :乳腺癌组织中有 Survivin和 Cy-clin D1过表达 ,两者在乳腺癌的发生及发展过程中有相互促进作用 ,可将其作为乳腺癌的诊断和预后指标     

凋亡基因Survivin在子宫内膜癌中的表达及与Ki-67、P~(53)基因表达相关性研究

目的探讨凋亡抑制基因Survivin在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其与P53,Ki-67基因表达的相关性。方法应用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶连接法(SP法)检测Survivin、P53、Ki-67基因在10例正常子宫内膜组织,及60例子宫内膜癌组织中的表达。结果Survivin基因在正常子宫内膜组织分泌期中见微弱表达,60例子宫内膜癌组织中,42例表达阳性,占70%。病理分级G1~G2级的子宫内膜癌的Sur-vivin基因表达阳性率为58.1%(18/31),G3级为82.75%(24/29),两者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。临床分期Ⅰ期的子宫内膜癌的Survivin基因表达阳性率为3例中有1例,Ⅱ期者8例中有4例,Ⅲ期者为75.51%(37/49),3者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。子宫肌层浸润深度<1/2的Survivin基因表达阳性率65.1%(28/43),>1/2的Survivin阳性率为76.5%(13/17),两者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。子宫内膜癌中P53蛋白表达阳性、阴性中,Survivin基因表达阳性率分别为77.3%(34/44)、16例中有8例,两者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。Ki-67蛋白表达阳性、阴性者中,Survivin基因表达阳性率分别为80.4%(37/46)、14例中有5例,两者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.005)。Survivin基因表达阳性率与子宫内膜癌组织中P53、Ki-67蛋白表达密切相关。结论Survivin基因可以作为评价子宫内膜癌的一项诊断指标,它的过度表达提示子宫内膜癌预后不良。Survivin基因过度表达抑制了细胞凋亡,促进细胞增殖,使Ki-67基因过度表达,而Ki-67又可作为子宫内膜癌5年生存率的一项评价指标。凋亡抑制基因Survivin的表达在子宫内膜癌中与P53、Ki-67蛋白的表达存在相关性。     

乳腺癌组织中抗凋亡基因survivin、P53和PCNA蛋白的表达及其相关性的探讨

目的 检测乳腺癌组织中生存素(survlvin)、p53和PCNA蛋白的表达，探讨它们对肿瘤凋亡通路调节的机制，进一步了解与凋亡相关的两个蛋白的内在联系。方法 用免疫组织化学法检测40例乳腺癌和15例乳腺良性肿瘤survivin、p53和PCNA蛋白的表达。结果 乳腺癌组织中survivin、p53和PCNA的阳性率分别为90％、37．5％和100％。Survivin的表达在良、恶性乳腺肿瘤间有显著差别(P=0．001)。Survivin基因阳性表达与患者年龄、p53蛋白的表达无相关性(P＞0．05)；与肿瘤组织学类型有关，预后好的髓样癌和粘液腺癌阳性程度较低，而预后差的浸润性小叶癌和浸润性导管癌阳性程度较高，两者差异有显著性差别(P＜0．05)。Survivin的表达与PCNA密切相关，表明乳腺癌细胞增殖大于凋亡。结论 抗凋亡基因survlvin和增殖细胞核抗原PC-NA的高表达、p53蛋白的失活抑制了肿瘤的凋亡，也预示着肿瘤的预后不佳。Survivin可能是乳腺癌中一个独立的预后指标。     

凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在脑星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及与p53、bcl-2的相关性研究

目的 :探讨凋亡抑制蛋白 Survivin在人脑星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及其与 p5 3和 bcl- 2蛋白表达的相关性。方法 :应用免疫组织化学 SP法 ,检测 Survivin、p5 3、bcl- 2在 4 5例人脑星形细胞肿瘤中的表达。结果 :4 5例脑星形细胞肿瘤标本中 33例表达 Survivin蛋白 ,阳性率为 73.3% ,并随星形细胞肿瘤的恶性程度而增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;其中星形细胞瘤阳性率为 36 .4 % ,间变性星形细胞瘤为 81.2 % ,胶质母细胞瘤为 88.9%。而 p5 3蛋白表达阳性、阴性者中 ,Survivin蛋白表达阳性率分别为 5 8.3% (14 /2 4 )、90 .5 % (19/2 1)。两者比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;bcl- 2蛋白表达阳性、阴性者中 ,Survivin蛋白表达阳性率分别为 76 .5 % (13/17)、71.4 % (2 0 /2 8)。两者比较 ,差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。Survivin蛋白表达阳性率与脑星形细胞肿瘤中 p5 3蛋白表达密切相关 ,与 bcl- 2蛋白表达无相关性。结论 :(1) Survivin蛋白的表达与脑星形细胞肿瘤的组织学分级相关 ,提示 Survivin蛋白表达与星形细胞肿瘤的恶性进展有关。 (2 ) Survivin蛋白的表达与脑星形细胞瘤中 p5 3蛋白异常表达密切相关。     

Survivin在乳腺癌中表达的临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌中Survivin蛋白与临床意义。方法采用免疫组化方法比较癌旁乳正常腺组织、乳腺纤维腺瘤和乳腺癌组织中Survivin蛋白表达的差异性。结果癌旁正常乳腺组织Sur-vivin蛋白阳性表达率3.50%,与乳腺纤维腺瘤中表达率为10.00%相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,癌旁正常乳腺组织、乳腺纤维腺瘤中Survivin蛋白表达与乳腺癌中的阳性表达率77.5%相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;乳腺癌中有无淋巴结转移的Survivin蛋白的阳性表达率相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 Survivin蛋白在乳腺癌的诊断及预后判断等方面具有重要意义。     

乳腺癌组织中Survivin和HIF-1α的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨Survivin、HIF-1α在乳腺癌中的表达和意义.方法 用免疫组化SP法检测5例正常乳腺组织、5例增生乳腺组织、15例原位乳腺癌组织、60例浸润性乳腺癌组织中Survivin、HIF-1α蛋白的表达.结果 Survivin、HIF-1α蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的阳性率明显高于正常乳腺组织或增生乳腺组织,差异有显著性(P<0.05).在乳腺癌组织中,随组织学病理分级的增加、临床分期的进展和腋窝淋巴结的转移,Survivin、HIF-1α表达阳性率逐渐上升,差异有显著性(P<0.05);Survivin、HIF-1α蛋白表达相关(P<0.01).结论 Survivin、HIF-1α仅在乳腺癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要的作用,联合检测可为乳腺癌的早期诊断、进一步治疗及预后判断提供必要的理论依据.     

生存素在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及与P53的关系

目的 :探讨生存素 (survivin)基因在非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)中的表达及与P5 3的关系。方法 :采用免疫组化的方法检测 6 0例NSCLC和 1 6例肺良性组织中Survivin和P5 3的表达。结果 :肺癌组织中Survivin表达的阳性率为 6 3.3% (38/ 6 0 ) ,而在正常组织中无 1例表达 ;Survivin基因的表达与肺癌TNM分期、淋巴结转移和细胞分化程度有密切关系 ,但与肿瘤组织学类型、年龄、性别无关。在NSCLC组织中 ,Survivin基因表达与P5 3蛋白表达密切相关。P5 3蛋白表达阳性的NSCLC中 ,Survivin表达阳性率明显高于P5 3表达阴性者 ,二者差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :Survivin基因的异常表达而引起的细胞凋亡抑制在NSCLC的发生中起一定作用 ,其过度表达提示NSCLC预后不良 ;Survivin基因有望成为肺癌基因治疗的新靶点。抑癌基因P5 3的失活和Survivin基因的过度表达可能在NSCLC癌变中起协同作用     

凋亡抑制基因survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨凋亡抑制基因survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义。方法：收集47例经病理证实的乳腺癌组织和26例正常乳腺组织,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测了47例乳腺癌组织和26例正常乳腺组织中survivinmRNA的表达。结果：Survivin基因在正常乳腺组织中不表达,47例乳腺癌组织中,29例survivin表达阳性,占61.7%。Survivin基因表达随乳腺癌的病理分级和临床分期的升高而升高,在不同病理分级乳腺癌中survivin基因表达阳性率分别为：Ⅰ级36.4%,Ⅱ级65.0%,Ⅲ级75.0%;Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级之间存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,在不同临床分期中survivin基因表达阳性率分别为：非浸润型33.3%,浸润型71.4%,两者之间存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：Survivin基因的异常表达引起细胞凋亡抑制,对乳腺癌的发生和发展起重要作用,异常表达提示乳腺癌预后不良。     

乳腺癌BRCA1蛋白表达与DNA定量分析的临床研究

目的　研究柳州地区人散发性乳腺癌BRCA1蛋白及mRNA表达与DNA含量的关系及意义。方法　应用S P免疫组化法及图像分析检测2 5例正常乳腺上皮和增生上皮及5 0例散发性乳腺癌组织中BRCA1蛋白表达及DNA情况。应用原位杂交技术检测5 0例乳腺癌中的2 0例乳腺癌组织BRCA1mRNA表达。结果　在乳腺正常上皮、增生上皮和癌中BRCA1表达及DNA含量差异均具有显著性(P <0 . 0 1) ;BRCA1表达与DNA含量呈负相关(P <0. 0 1) ;BRCA1在不同肿瘤大小和不同组织学类型中的表达差异无显著性(P >0 . 0 5 ) ,但在不同组织分级和有无淋巴结转移中的表达差异有显著性(P <0 . 0 5 )。DNA分析中,DI值和>5C %值总体分布在不同组织学类型中差异无显著性(P >0. 0 5 ) ,但在不同肿瘤大小、不同组织分级和有无淋巴结转移中差异有显著性(P <0 . 0 5 )。结论　乳腺上皮中DNA含量增加,BRCA1表达下降,对散发性乳腺癌的发生发展具有一定作用。检测BRCA1表达及DNA含量在散发性乳腺癌的早期诊断、判断生物学行为、预测预后中有重要意义。     

乳腺癌术后乳房再造围手术期的护理

目的介绍乳腺癌根治术后一期乳房再造的护理体会。方法应用乳房假体对5例Ⅰ-Ⅱb期乳腺癌术后患者行即时乳房再造。结果本组术后随诊4个月-2年,无排斥反应,美容效果好,无局部疼痛及不适。乳头血运良好,无挛缩。结论本手术方法简单,损伤小,不影响术后放疗及化疗.与二期乳房再造相比减少费用。     

乳腺神经内分泌癌的研究进展

乳腺神经内分泌癌（neuroendocrine carcinoma of breast,NEBC）是一种临床上较为罕见的乳腺肿瘤,尚缺乏明确的规范化诊疗指南,该病的组织起源尚不明确,目前主要有三种观点,其中,NEBC可能是乳腺干细胞分化为神经内分泌和上皮细胞的早期结果这一观点更被接受。NEBC临床特征及病理特征稍突出,但影像学表现不具特异性,单凭影像学难以与其他类型乳腺癌鉴别。NEBC诊断方法已经较为明确,确诊依靠病理学检查中神经内分泌标志物的检测。治疗原则为以手术为主、全身治疗为辅的综合治疗,相较于其他类型乳腺癌,NEBC的疗效较差。因此,寻求特异性高的治疗方法成为当今NEBC研究的主流,多个研究着手于对NEBC基因突变的检测,力求研发出针对其高频突变位点的靶向治疗药物。同时,NEBC预后较差,确诊该病后,应积极治疗并坚持随访,及时发现疾病新的变化或进展。     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

乳腺钙化的X线诊断

根据钙化的大小、形态、数目、分布结合临床及病理资料分析乳腺钙化的 X线平片 ,有助于良恶性病变的鉴别。在111例乳腺钙化中良性病变显示为 78例 ,恶性病变显示为 33例。其结论是乳腺微粒钙化不可认为是乳腺癌的特异性征象 ,也可较多见于乳腺良性病变。如在成簇的微粒钙化中出现多种形态或不规则钙化 ,则提示有恶性诊断的价值