胶质瘤显像剂的研究与应用进展

核医学显像在胶质瘤的诊断、分级及预后等方面有重要的临床价值,随着核医学的发展,用于胶质瘤的显像剂也越来越多样化,目前研究应用较多的SPECT显像剂有201Tl、99Tcm-MIBI、123I-碘代甲基酪氨酸以及新型受体类显像剂131I-蝎氯毒素等,PET显像剂主要有葡萄糖代谢显像剂、氨基酸代谢显像剂、胆碱代谢显像剂、核...     

乏氧显像剂~(99)Tc~m-HL91检测缺血或存活心肌

利用放射性核素标记乏氧显像剂,通过SPECT显像无创伤性探测组织缺血、缺氧状态,是目前放射性新药的一个研究方向.乏氧显像是以乏氧组织显像剂作为示踪剂探测机体内缺氧、缺血组织的显像过程[1-3].     

放射性核素标记的凋亡显像剂的研究进展

细胞凋亡存在于多种病理过程中, 包括神经系统变性疾病、缺血性损伤、自身免疫性疾病和多种肿瘤等。凋亡检测的可视化对疾病的诊断、新的治疗方法的开发与疗效评价具有重要意义。传统的凋亡检测方法包括光学显微镜观察、原位末端标记法分析、流式细胞仪检测等, 但其侵入性方式限制了之后的随访研究。而活体内凋亡显像有助于无创观察、直观了解凋亡发生的体内过程。PET与SPECT的发展, 以及新的针对靶点的放射性核素标记显像剂的合成, 使核医学进入了分子影像学的新时代。近年来, 细胞凋亡PET与SPECT显像剂的研发应用, 使活体内无创PET与SPECT检测细胞凋亡成为现实。笔者主要介绍用于在体凋亡显像的放射性标记探针及其最新研究应用进展。     

SPECT扫描显像剂注射方法改进

SPECT(singie photon emission computed tmmgraphy)即单光子发射型计算机断层扫描，其显像原理是被放射性核素标记的药物(即显像剂)引入体内后，药物据其代谢和生物学特征特异地分布于体内的特定器官和病变组织，放射性核素衰变放出的射线在体外被探测处理而成像。此显像反映的是放射性药物在体内的分布。因此放射性药物(即显像剂)的质量控制对图像质量影响较大，     

放射性核素显像在甲状旁腺功能亢进症诊断中的研究进展

甲状旁腺功能亢进症(HPT)是一种因甲状旁腺激素分泌过多而引起钙磷代谢紊乱的多系统疾病, 手术是其常规且最有效的治疗方法, 术前对病灶的精准定位和定性对于提高手术成功率十分关键。大多数研究结果表明, 放射性核素显像在术前甲状旁腺定位诊断中起着重要作用, 尤其是新型显像剂(如18F-甲基胆碱)有着良好的发展前景。笔者总结了SPECT、PET显像及不同放射性显像剂在HPT术前影像诊断中的研究进展。     

生长抑素受体显像剂99Tcm-奥曲肽的SPECT研究

核医学SPECT在20世纪已进入分子显像时代,受体显像尤其是生长抑素受体显像更是目前核医学显像研究的热点.利用111In、123I、99Tcm、90Y等放射性核素标记生长抑素类似物奥曲肽进行生长抑素受体显像的方法,已经比较成熟,且部分已用于临床显像.该文对99Tcm标记奥曲肽的方法(直接法、间接法)、99Tcm-奥曲肽SPECT显像方法及其临床应用等作简要概述.     

神经内分泌肿瘤核医学显像剂的研究进展

核医学显像作为无创性功能影像检查手段,在神经内分泌肿瘤诊断中发挥着重要作用。核医学显像的关键点在于分子靶向探针,目前已报道用于神经内分泌肿瘤显像的核医学分子探针可分为靶向生长抑素受体类和其他类,其中,靶向生长抑素受体类显像剂又可分为生长抑素受体激动剂和拮抗剂。笔者对用于神经内分泌肿瘤诊断的核医学显像剂进行综述。     

纳米抗体在肿瘤分子显像中的应用

纳米抗体是一种由骆驼源的重链可变区组成的单域抗体,具有相对分子质量小、亲和力高和化学稳定性好等特性,非常适于进行肿瘤以及其他疾病的PET、SPECT显像和辅助治疗研究。纳米抗体在分子影像诊断方面的优势很可能使其成为新一代核医学显像剂。     

关于脑受体显像剂研究中的若干问题

关于脑受体显像剂研究中的若干问题朱桐脑受体显像是神经核医学显像研究的一个开拓性领域。脑受体显像可用于人体正常生理和病理状态下受体的定性、定量研究，从而诊断一些与受体有关的疾患。要开展脑受体显像，除了必备的探测手段外，研制合适的脑受体显像剂也是关键的一...     

核医学显像(SPECT/CT)鉴别头颈部可疑异位甲状腺的价值

目的研究SPECT/CT对头颈部可疑异位甲状腺(ETG)的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法对34例可疑异位甲状腺行平面显像,使用99mTcO4-作为显像剂,4例加做131I扫描,19例可疑或需定位的患者行SPECT/CT断层显像,以此判断头颈部正常甲状腺位置外占位的性质。结果 34例患者中共有10例异位甲状腺被准确诊断,4例误诊或未被明确诊断,20例其他病种被排除异位甲状腺的可能,总体准确率为88.24%。结论核医学显像(SPECT/CT)对鉴别头颈部有功能的异位甲状腺具有很高的价值。缺点在于无法发现无功能或功能较低的甲状腺组织,需要结合其他方法明确诊断。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.