桡神经非创伤性神经束扭转的临床研究

目的探讨桡神经非创伤性神经束扭转的发病机理和治疗结果。方法结合5例临床桡神经非创伤性神经束扭转患者病史、术中发现、病理结果及治疗经过,对该病的发病机制及治疗方法进行初步探讨。结果5例桡神经非创伤性神经束扭转患者在临床表现及术中所见均与典型周围神经嵌压患者不同,积极手术干预,临床效果满意。结论周围神经的螺旋样结构及其滋养血管的炎症表现是导致非创伤性神经束扭转的两个重要原因。     

医源性桡神经损伤

目的 总结31例医源性桡神经损伤的经验教训。方法 手术治疗25例,非手术治疗6例。手术行端端鞘膜法缝合13例,束膜法缝合5例,神经移植4例,粘连松解3例。结果 按朱家恺标准评价：优者24例,良者6例,可者1例。随访时间最长者10年,最短者1年。结论 熟知桡神经和肱骨干及桡骨头的密切解剖关系和细致的手术操作,加强医生的责任心,医源性桡神经损伤是完全可以避免的。手术时间的选择,应尽早的进行,不必考虑骨折愈合与否。     

Nerve Transfers for Treatment of Isolated Axillary Nerve Injuries

BACKGROUND:

The most common neurological defect in traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocation is isolated axillary nerve palsy. Most recover spontaneously; however, some have persistent axillary neuropathy. An intact rotator cuff may compensate for an isolated axillary nerve injury; however, given the high rate of rotator cuff pathology with advancing age, patients with an axillary nerve injury are at risk for complete shoulder disability.

OBJECTIVE:

To review reconstruction of the axillary nerve to alleviate shoulder pain, augment shoulder stability, abduction and external rotation to alleviate sole reliance on the rotator cuff to move and stabilize the shoulder.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of 10 patients with an isolated axillary nerve injury and an intact rotator cuff who underwent a triceps nerve branch to axillary nerve transfer was performed. Patient demographics, surgical technique, deltoid strength, donor-site morbidity, complications and time to surgery were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Ten male patients, mean age 38.3 years (range 18 to 66 years), underwent a triceps to axillary nerve transfer for isolated axillary nerve injury 7.4 months (range five to 12 months) post-traumatic shoulder dislocation. Deltoid function was British Medical Research Council grade 0/5 in all patients preoperatively and ≥3/5 deltoid strength in eight patients at final follow-up (14.8 months [range 12 to 25 months]). There were no complications and no donor-site morbidity.

CONCLUSION:

A triceps to axillary nerve transfer for isolated axillary neuropathy following traumatic shoulder dislocation improved shoulder pain, stability and deltoid strength, and potentially preserves shoulder function with advancing age by alleviating sole reliance on the rotator cuff for shoulder abduction and external rotation.     

桡神经浅支卡压的解剖与临床

目的:了解桡神经浅支卡压的依据并讨论了该征的诊断及治疗原则。方法:解剖观测了20具40侧成人上肢标本桡神经浅支穿出处的局部解剖特点及其距桡骨茎突的距离,随访了12例患者,9例采用局部封闭治疗,3例采用手术神经松解治疗。结果:桡神经浅支穿出部位为腱性组织所包绕。该处筋膜将肱桡肌腱挤在一起,从而易于受压。临床随访6个月至2年,保守及手术治疗患者症状均完全消失无复发。结论:解剖:桡神经浅支在前臂中下段易发生卡压有其解剖学基础。临床上病程短症状轻患者保守治疗往往能有较好疗效,病程长症状重或存在其它病理性压迫患者往往需要手术治疗。