干细胞治疗勃起功能障碍研究进展

勃起功能障碍(ED)的发生与血管内皮功能障碍及相关神经的损伤有关。近年来,干细胞对阴茎勃起神经和海绵体血管内皮细胞修复保护作用的临床前研究已成为研究的热点。早期研究显示干细胞或基因修饰的干细胞对ED治疗持久有效,并有可能成功治愈ED。间充质干细胞、肌源性干细胞、胚胎干细胞、脂肪源性干细胞、内皮祖细胞等均具有不同的分化潜能,在内皮细胞的更新、修复及神经组织细胞的保护方面有各自的优势。干细胞有望用于人类ED的治疗。     

肝干细胞与肝癌关系的研究现状与临床价值

目的探讨肝干细胞与肝癌的关系及其临床应用前景。方法对国内、外相关研究成果进行回顾性分析。结果肝癌可能是肝干细胞分化不全或分化异常造成并由各种不同分化等级的细胞组成的。结论肝干细胞假说正逐渐得到广泛认同,对其的不断深入研究对揭示肝癌的细胞起源,研究肝癌的发生、转移机理等有重要意义。     

成体干细胞在男性不育领域的应用及展望

干细胞是目前生物医学研究领域的热点,并由基础医学研究扩展到了临床应用。根据干细胞所处发育阶段和分化性质,通常可分为胚胎干细胞、诱导性多能干细胞(iPS)和成体干细胞。其中成体干细胞在诸多系统疾病中已经开展临床应用。目前,对成体干细胞范畴内的精原干细胞、间充质干细胞的基础研究走在生殖男科治疗研究的前列,应用于临床尚需时日。本文综述成体干细胞在男性不育领域的应用前景。     

大鼠牙髓干细胞、外胚间充质干细胞的细胞表型的实验研究

目的：检测组织特异性分化标记在大鼠牙髓干细胞（DPSC）、外胚间充质干细胞（EMSC）及骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）中的表达,探讨三者细胞表型的异同。方法通过免疫组化检测大鼠DPSC、EMSC、BMSC三种细胞的表型;RT-PCR检测DPSC、EMSC、BMSC的DSPP mRNA表达。结果免疫组化结果显示,三种细胞对于不同细胞的表面标志有不同程度的表达;RT-PCR显示,DSPP的mRNA在大鼠DPSC、EMSC中不表达,在BMSC中弱表达。结论 DPSC与EMSC的细胞表型具有一定的相关性和延续性。     

Derivation of motor neuron‐like cells from neonatal mouse testis in a simple culture condition

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) therapy is an exciting way to treat neurodegenerative disease and central nervous system injury. However, many ethical and immunological problems surround the use of embryonic stem cells. Finding an alternative source of stem cells is therefore pertinent. In this study, spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs) were used to generate mature motor neurons. SSCs were extracted from neonatal testes and cultured in DMED/F12 medium for 3 weeks. Characterisation of SSC‐derived ESC‐like cells was confirmed by RT‐qPCR, immunostaining, alkaline phosphatase activity and their ability to form embryoid bodies (EBs). The EBs were induced by retinoic acid and Sonic hedgehog and trypsinised to obtain single induced cells. The single cells were cultured in neural medium for 18 days. Characterisation of neural precursors and motor neuron‐like cells was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and immunocytochemical analysis at the 7th day (early stage) and 18th day (late stage), respectively, of culturing. The neural precursors were found to be positive for nestin and Sox2, and a small fraction of cells expressed β‐tubulin III. Upon further differentiation, multipolar neurons were detected that expressed β‐tubulin III and MAP2 markers. Moreover, the expression levels of Olig2 and PAX6 were significantly lower, while HB9, Isl1 and Isl2 expression levels were higher at the late stage when compared to the early stage. These results show that SSCs have the potential to differentiate to motor neuron‐like cells and express markers specific for mature motor neurons. However, the functional ability of these cells remains to be evaluated in future studies.     

肝干细胞的研究进展及应用前景

目的阐述肝干细胞（liver stem cell，LSC）的研究进展并展望其应用前景。方法广泛查阅近年来相关文献，根据研究成果，综述LSC研究的最新进展。结果LSC向特定的细胞分化和增殖受多种因素影响。LSC活化、分离培养、筛选及鉴定等方法尚未成熟。结论随着研究不断地深入，LSC有望成为肝病治疗的新型种子细胞，但其研究有待进一步完善。     

胃癌干细胞及其治疗的研究进展

胃癌是我国常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,其病死率居高不下.目前关于胃癌发病机制的研究仍有大量疑问和争议.近年来,随着对肿瘤干细胞研究的不断深入,胃癌干细胞的研究也日益受到重视.现就肿瘤干细胞的概念、胃癌干细胞研究现状以及针对肿瘤干细胞的治疗研究进展进行综述.     

前列腺癌干细胞标志物研究进展

前列腺癌是严重影响男性健康的恶性疾病,其发生、发展机理仍未完全明了。近年来前列腺癌干细胞的研究取得了多方面的进展,研究材料涉及人前列腺癌组织、前列腺癌细胞系,以及鼠前列腺癌模型。前列腺癌干细胞的研究为前列腺癌的发生和发展提出了一个全新的理念,对于前列腺癌的治疗具有积极意义。本文就近些年来在前列腺癌干细胞研究中应用于分离鉴定前列腺癌干细胞的标志物情况进行综述。     

精原干细胞微环境的生物学特性

成体干细胞的自我更新和分化与其微环境关系密切。精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)是体内自然状态下唯一能将遗传信息传至子代的成体干细胞。探讨SSCs更新和分化的调控机制有助于精子发生机理的阐明,并为探究其他成体干细胞增殖分化的调节机制提供依据。因此,SSCs系统为成体干细胞微环境研究提供了理想模型。资料表明,SSCs的更新和分化受其微环境的调控。基于本室的工作,参考最新文献,本文主要从SSCs微环境的基本特性、构成及其产生的各种调控因子等角度,评述了SSCs微环境的生物学特性及其与SSCs更新和分化间的关系,以期为本领域研究及其他成体干细胞相关研究提供借鉴。     

自身成体干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死

心血管疾病 ,尤其是心肌梗死已成为人类死亡的主要疾病。自身成体干细胞移植为心肌梗死的治疗带来了新的希望。目前可供移植的种子细胞包括骨骼肌卫星细胞 ,骨髓干细胞 ,内皮祖细胞 ,自体移植避免了免疫排斥和伦理道德问题。近期实验表明移植的干细胞能在心肌疤痕中存活 ,增强心功能。当前需要进一步研究干细胞移植后与心肌微环境的联系 ,理想的移植细胞数目和移植技术以及对整个心功能可能产生的影响。     

肿瘤干细胞的研究进展

肿瘤具有异质性的特征,随着研究的深入,越来越多的证据提示肿瘤组织中也存在少量具有干细胞性质的肿瘤干细胞,于是人们在此基础上提出了肿瘤干细胞学说,肿瘤干细胞已成为当今肿瘤研究领域的热点。目前,已经从白血病、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、恶性黑色素瘤及前列腺癌等多种恶性肿瘤中初步分离鉴定出肿瘤干细胞。肿瘤干细胞学说的提出,使得靶向性杀伤肿瘤干细胞从而根治肿瘤成为可能。     

Reproductive stem cell research and its application to urology

Abstract:   Germ cells are defined by their innate potential to transmit genetic information to the next generation through fertilization. Males produce numerous sperm for long periods to maximize chances of fertilization. Key to the continuous production of large numbers of sperm are germline stem cells and their immediate daughter cells, functioning as transit amplifying cells. Recently, it has become possible to expand germline stem cells of rodents in vitro . In addition, multipotent stem cells, which are functionally the same as embryonic stem cells, have been established from neonatal mouse testes. These stem cells derived from the testis should contribute to biological research and technologies. On the other hand, the nature of human spermatogenesis is largely unknown due to the lack of an appropriate experimental system. However, the prevailing testicular sperm extraction procedure unraveled hitherto unknown facets of human spermatogenesis. The establishment of a culturing method for human spermatogonial stem cells in hopefully the near future would be a great benefit for achieving further insight into human spermatogenesis and should lead to more sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic clinical measures for male infertility.     

建立不同类型干细胞并比较其分泌细胞因子的水平

目的比较不同类型干细胞分泌细胞因子的水平,探讨其潜在的临床意义。方法建立人类胚胎干细胞(hESCs)、脐带间充质干细胞(UMSCs)、羊膜间充质干细胞(AMSCs)株系;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)分析干细胞分泌细胞因子水平:(1)促炎因子,包括白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α);(2)抑炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10);(3)生长因子,包括肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、干细胞因子(SCF)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF);(4)基质金属蛋白酶MMP-1及其抑制剂TIMP-1;(5)血管形成因子(Angiogenin),白血病抑制因子(LIF)以及骨形成蛋白(BMP4)。结果女性UMSCs分泌生长因子、血管生成因子、造血因子、抑炎因子等的能力显著强于hESCs、AMSCs(P0.05);女性hESCs、男性UMSCs分泌金属蛋白酶的水平显著高于其它干细胞(P0.05)。结论女性UMSCs可能具有更好的促进细胞生长、改善血供的能力;而女性hESCs、男性UMSCs则可能具有更强的降解结缔组织的能力。     

EdU体外标记人脂肪干细胞的实验研究

[摘要]目的：体外培养人脂肪干细胞（adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs）并行EdlJ标记,并通过测试标记率及标记后对细胞增殖分化的影响确定优化的标记时间及浓度组合。方法：使用分别采5μM,10μM,20μM,50uM的浓度及12h,24h进行标记标记ADSC,并以流式细胞仪精确测定标记率。挑选出各12h及24h时优化标记浓度,并进行标记后测定细胞活性,增殖及诱导分化实验。结果：P3代细胞约90％以上表达表面标记CD90^＋,CD105^＋,CD44^＋。基本不表达细胞表面标记CD45^＋,CD35^＋。通过各试验,得出最适浓度组合10μM,12h,对进一步研究脂肪干细胞在辅助脂肪移植中的作用具有指导意义。结论：EdO是标记方法简单有效,体外最佳标记浓度组合是10洲,12h。     

男性生殖干细胞工程

干细胞是指具有分裂增殖能力,并能分化成一种以上细胞的一类细胞,包括胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。利用干细胞来治疗疾病有着广阔的应用前景。本文就近年来胚胎干细胞和精原干细胞在男性生殖中的研究进展作一介绍。     

Hypoxic culture conditions induce increased metabolic rate and collagen gene expression in ACL‐derived cells

There has been substantial effort directed toward the application of bone marrow and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissue. Recently, resident tissue‐specific stem cells have been described in a variety of mesenchymal structures including ligament, tendon, muscle, cartilage, and bone. In the current study, we systematically characterize three novel anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)‐derived cell populations with the potential for ligament regeneration: ligament‐forming fibroblasts (LFF: CD146^neg, CD34^negCD44^pos, CD31^neg, CD45^neg), ligament perivascular cells (LPC: CD146^posCD34^negCD44^pos, CD31^neg, CD45^neg) and ligament interstitial cells (LIC: CD34^posCD146^neg, CD44^pos, CD31^neg, CD45^neg)—and describe their proliferative and differentiation potential, collagen gene expression and metabolism in both normoxic and hypoxic environments, and their trophic potential in vitro. All three groups of cells (LIC, LPC, and LFF) isolated from adult human ACL exhibited progenitor cell characteristics with regard to proliferation and differentiation potential in vitro. Culture in low oxygen tension enhanced the collagen I and III gene expression in LICs (by 2.8‐ and 3.3‐fold, respectively) and LFFs (by 3‐ and 3.5‐fold, respectively) and increased oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in LICs (by 4‐ and 3.5‐fold, respectively), LFFs (by 5.5‐ and 3‐fold, respectively), LPCs (by 10‐ and 4.5‐fold, respectively) as compared to normal oxygen concentration. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time the presence of three novel progenitor cell populations in the adult ACL that demonstrate robust proliferative and matrix synthetic capacity; these cells may play a role in local ligament regeneration, and consequently represent a potential cell source for ligament engineering applications. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:985–994, 2016.     

睾丸Leydig细胞干细胞研究进展

Leyd ig细胞是机体合成和分泌雄激素的主要细胞,利用Leyd ig细胞干细胞的体外定向诱导分化扩增至具有雄激素合成功能的成熟细胞再植入机体中,对雄激素缺乏的治疗具有非常广阔的临床应用前景。     

胃癌干细胞研究现状

肿瘤干细胞足肿瘤研究领域的新热点.肿瘤干细胞理论指m肿瘤可能是由肿瘤干细胞和微生态环境产生,而肿瘤千细胞则由正常干细胞突变而来.目前已经在多种肿瘤中发现并鉴定出肿瘤干细胞,包括白血病、乳腺癌、脑肿瘤、肝癌、结肠癌等.本文就胃癌干细胞的研究现状作一综述.