住院早产儿疾病10年回顾性分析

目的:探讨住院早产儿疾病近10年的变化趋势。方法:回顾分析1997~2006年收治的801例早产儿的临床资料,按前后5年(按出院时间分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组)进行对比分析。结果:Ⅱ组早产儿住院率较Ⅰ组升高(P<0.05),且小胎龄、低体重早产儿比例明显增加,而病死率Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组明显降低(P<0.01);Ⅱ组窒息、败血症和硬肿症发生率较Ⅰ组有所下降(P<0.05),肺透明膜病的病死率明显降低。结论:早产儿住院率提高,尤其小胎龄、低体重早产儿比例明显增加,而病死率下降;对缺氧缺血性脑病、肺炎、黄疸等常见病仍要做好早期的干预治疗;加强对超低出生体重儿的治疗。     

不同胎龄和出生体重的早产儿死亡情况分析

目的 分析不同胎龄和出生体重的早产儿的死亡情况,以了解胎龄、出生体重对早产儿病死率的影响.方法 收集2007年1月1日-2008年12月31日在同济大学附属上海市第一妇婴保健院出生的早产儿1 453例,依据不同胎龄、出生体重统计其病死率,并对死亡原因进行分析.结果 1 453例早产儿中,死亡47例,病死率为3.23%.胎龄<32周早产儿的胎龄越小病死率越高(P值均<0.05),胎龄≥32周早产儿的病死率与胎龄无关联(P0.05).胎龄<32周早产儿的死亡原因前3位分别为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(8例)、新生儿窒息(5例)、新生儿感染(3例);胎龄32～36~(+6)周早产儿死亡原因前2位分别为先天畸形(3例)、新生儿感染(2例).结论 胎龄32周、体重达1 500 g可能是胎儿发育的一个界点.应加强围产期保健.     

早产儿死亡因素分析与护理对策

目的观察不同时段早产儿病死率和死亡原因的变化,以总结和改进护理对策。方法 2003～2010年按时间段分为前4年和后4年,分析早产儿病死率和死亡原因变化。结果早产儿病死率7.52%,早产儿病死率与胎龄和体重成反比,胎龄〈32周,体重〈1 500g的早产儿是主要死亡人群,严重的NRDS和窒息是前后4年早产儿生后≤7d死亡的首要原因,肺部感染、败血症成为后4年早产儿生后〉7d死亡的首要原因。结论后4年NRDS和窒息死亡比例下降,但早产儿感染死亡比例上升,通过总结和改进护理对策,对提高VLBWI存活率有重要意义。     

高海拔地区早产儿91例治疗分析

我院儿科自2002年1月～2006年1月4年期间共收治新生儿332例,其中早产儿91例,占新生儿总数的27.4%,现将91例早产儿的治疗体会报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料男51例,女40例,其中28～32周10例,32～34周48例,34～36周33例。体重<1500g5例,1500～2000g58例,2000～2500g24例,>2500g4例。分娩方式:剖宫产14例,产道顺产72例,臀位产5例。双胎26例,妊娠高血压综合征23例,胎膜早破8例,情况不详者34例。患病情况:新生儿高胆红素血症43例,新生儿窒息33例(其中重度窒息2例、轻度窒息31例),新生儿硬肿症26例,小于胎龄儿24例,新生儿呼吸暂停18例,新生儿缺氧…     

≤孕34周胎膜早破早产儿的预后分析

目的 探讨有利于改善≤孕34周胎膜早破早产儿预后的措施.方法 抽取笔者所在医院2001年1月至2007年12月住院分娩的72例≤孕34周胎膜早破早产儿,以产前使用地塞米松是否足4次将早产儿分为观察组及治疗组,比较两组间早产儿NRDS、HIE、新生儿窒息发生率;以是否进行早期干预将早产儿分为早期干预组与对照组,比较两组间身高、体重,DQ评分.结果 治疗组的NRDS、HIE及新生儿窒息率均低于观察组(P＜0.05),早期干预组的早产儿预后明显优于对照组(P<0.01),而两组间身长、体重等一般发育状况无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 当≤孕34周胎膜早破早产时,尽可能足量使用地塞米松,可有效降低早产儿NRDS、HIE及新生儿窒息的发生率,提高存活率.对早产儿进行系统的早期干预,可明显改善早产儿预后,降低伤残率.     

85例早产儿围产期高危因素及并发症分析

目的:探讨早产儿围产期的高危因素及对早产儿的影响。方法:回顾性分析在我院出生及住院的新生儿1781例,其中早产儿85例,根据早产儿胎龄及出生体重进行分组。结果:早产发生率为4.77%。早产儿围产期的高危因素与母体因素如胎膜早破、脐带因素、多胎妊娠、妊娠高血压综合征、胎盘因素、子宫因素(上述因素与足月儿对比P<0.01)有关,还与早产儿自身因素如胎龄、并发症有关。≤34周的早产儿并发症的发生率较高(P<0.01)。结论:加强对早产儿围产期高危因素的认识,积极预防早产,延长孕周,对各胎龄及出生体重的早产儿均应加以重视,积极采取综合治疗措施,以提高早产儿的生存质量,降低病死率。     

早产儿的护理体会

早产儿是指胎龄小于37周、体重低于2500g者。死亡率高。我院2004年12月共收治早产儿21例,自动出院1例,死亡1例,成活出院19例,现将护理体会总结如下。1临床资料本组病例21例,男12例、女9例;最大出生体重2400g,最小出生体重1600g,平均出生体重2119g,其中≤2000g者为6例,>2000g者为15例;胎龄平均为34周;多胎(3胎)3例,单胎18例;伴出生窒息18例,其中9例为重度窒息,4例出现肺透明膜病。死亡病例中,24h内死亡1例,自动出院1例。2护理2.1呼吸护理本组病例皆为早产儿,呼吸中枢发育不完善,其中18例还伴有不同程度产时窒息,4例发生新生儿透明膜病,6例患…     

45例早产儿死亡原因分析

目的探讨早产儿死亡的原因及相关因素,为降低早产儿病死率提供参考。方法对2001年1月～2005年12月期间死亡的45例早产儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果45例早产儿死亡顺位原因为窒息、肺透明膜病变(RDS)、颅内出血、败血症、吸入性肺炎等。其中胎龄小于33周者占71.11%,胎龄越小,早产儿死亡率越高。早产诸因素中以妊娠合并症(高血压疾病-重度子痫前期、胎盘早剥)和胎膜早破为引发早产的主要因素。结论加强围产期保健,积极治疗早产诱发因素,预防早产是减少早产儿发生率、降低早产儿病死率的关键。     

早产儿98例临床干预体会

目的: 探讨早产儿临床管理方面的问题,进一步降低其病死率。方法: 回顾分析98例早产儿临床资料。结果: 98例早产儿均有不同程度的并发症,包括高胆红素血症、寒冷损伤综合征、肺炎、呼吸暂停、低血糖、低血钙、颅内出血、肺出血、败血症、化脓性脑膜炎、脑室膜炎。痊愈82例,病死16例,病死率16.33%;胎龄≤ 32周病死率明显>32周者(P<0.01);出生体重低于1 500 g者病死率明显高于出生体重大于1 500 g者(P<0.05)。死亡原因主要有肺出血、颅内出血、肺炎、败血症合并化脓性脑膜炎。结论: 早期识别、正确处理早产儿并发症是降低早产儿病死率的重要措施。     

340例早产儿早产原因、并发症及其结局的临床分析

目的探讨早产发生的原因及早产儿并发症与胎龄、出生体重的关系及早产儿结局.方法对我院2010年1月~2010年6月间住院分娩的孕28周~36+6周早产产妇304例及其早产儿340例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.分析早产发生的原因,对不同孕周及出生体重早产儿的并发症及近期结局进行比较.结果早产发生率18.3%,胎膜早破和子痫前期为早产的常见原因.治疗性早产组新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、肺炎发生率高于自然早产组,新生儿感染及高胆红素血症低于自然早产组,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;随着胎龄和出生体重的增加,早产儿的并发症如窒息、RDS、吸入性肺炎、HIE发生率逐渐减少,各组间比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.随着胎龄和出生体重的增加,放弃治疗/自动出院及死亡率下降,存活率增高,各组间比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.结论产科医师应当掌握引起早产的原因,尽可能的延长孕周及出生体重,将有助于降低早产儿的发病率及病死率,从而改善早产儿的预后.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.