单纯性肥胖男童血清瘦素与胰岛素性激素检测结果 分析

目的 研究单纯性肥胖男性儿童血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平之间的关系,为青少年肥胖的干预提供依据.方法 以10～15岁单纯性肥胖和正常对照儿童各22名为研究对象,用放射免疫法测定血清中的瘦素、胰岛素和性激素水平.结果 单纯性肥胖男生血清瘦素、胰岛素和雌二醇水平显著高于正常男童(P值均＜0.01),睾酮水平则明显低于正常男童(P＜0.01).血清瘦素水平与胰岛素、睾酮、雌二醇水平均有显著相关(P值均＜0.01).结论 高水平瘦素可能是单纯性肥胖重要的生物学标志之一.单纯性肥胖男童存在性激素代谢紊乱、性发育落后,瘦素可能影响男性肥胖儿童的性发育.     

单纯性肥胖儿童瘦素、胰岛素及其相关性研究

目的 研究单纯性肥胖儿童瘦素、胰岛素及其相关关系。方法 对筛选出来的54名肥胖儿童和60名正常体重儿童进行瘦素、胰岛素、C-肽、血糖水平的测定，并进行相关关系的研究。结果 肥胖组儿童瘦素、胰岛素、C-肽、血糖水平高于非肥胖组儿童，胰岛素敏感性指数肥胖组儿童低于非肥胖组儿童，差异有显性意义(P＜0．05)。瘦素与体质指数、体脂百分比、体脂肪、臀围、胰岛素、C-肽浓度均呈显正相关(P＜0．05)，与血糖、瘦体重、腰臀围比没有相关性。结论 肥胖儿童存在瘦素抵抗、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗，瘦素与体质指数、胰岛素浓度呈显正相关。     

学龄前肥胖儿童体质指数与血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平的关系

[目的]研究学龄前肥胖儿童体质指数与血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平的关系. [方法]对122例学龄前肥胖儿童及61例健康正常儿童的瘦素(Leptin)、胰岛素(Ins)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGF-BP3)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平进行测定,测量其身高、体重.计算其体质指数(body mass index,BMI),并分析BMI与各激素的相互关系. [结果]①肥胖组儿童BMI及血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3和E2水平明显高于正常组,且差异有显著性(P值均<0.001),而两组睾酮水平差异无显著性(P>0.05);相关分析显示肥胖儿童BMI与血清Leptin和Ins水平有明显正相关(r=0.412,r=0.336.P值均<0.001);②正常组儿童BMI与血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3、E2和睾酮水平均无相关性(P值均>0.05),③BMI与血清Leptin和Ins水平的相关系数肥胖男童大于肥胖女童,且肥胖女童BMI与血清E2水平有显著正相关(P<0.05),而肥胖男童则无显著相关性(P>0.05);④多元线性回归分析显示肥胖儿童血清Leptin和Ins水平是影响BMI的重要因素(P值均<0.001). [结论]BMI对儿童肥胖的早期诊断、早期干预是非常有意义的.     

肥胖和正常儿童血清瘦素、生长激素和胰岛素在青春期的变化

为研究儿童青春期血液中瘦素、生长激素和胰岛素水平的变化规律及其相关性 ,分别检测了 10～15岁 30 0名单纯性肥胖儿童与 30 0名正常儿童血中的瘦素、生长激素和胰岛素水平。结果随着年龄的增长 ,瘦素水平在男童中呈现低→高→低的变化规律 ,在女童中呈现逐渐增高趋势 ;生长激素水平在某一年龄段突增 (男童 :14～ 15岁 ,女童 :13～ 14岁 ) ;胰岛素水平的变化无明显规律。各年龄段肥胖儿童血瘦素和胰岛素水平均显著高于正常儿童 (P <0 0 1) ;各年龄段肥胖男童生长激素水平明显低于正常男童 (P <0 0 1)。男童中生长激素与瘦素呈负相关 (肥胖组 :r=- 0 74,P <0 0 5 ;正常组 :r=- 0 6 9,P <0 0 5 ) ,在女童中生长激素与瘦素呈正相关 (肥胖组 :r=0 5 8,P <0 0 5 ;正常组 :r=0 6 7,P <0 0 1)在正常女童中胰岛素与瘦素呈正相关 (r=0 5 4,P <0 0 5 )。提示在儿童青春期的启动过程中 ,瘦素可能发挥了重要作用 ,并且在女童青春发育期中的作用比在男童更为重要 ;瘦素与生长激素相关性在两性的差异可能是造成男女儿童生长突增时间不同的原因之一。     

遗传对儿童肥胖及相关因子分泌影响

目的探讨遗传因素对儿童肥胖发生及肥胖儿童体内瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体和胰岛素分泌的影响。方法以204名12-14岁肥胖和正常对照儿童为研究对象,采用放射免疫方法测定其血清瘦素、胰岛素含量,用酶联免疫吸附法测定可溶性瘦素受体含量;测量儿童父母身高和体重。结果父母一方或双方肥胖者儿童肥胖发生率为66.18%,父母双方皆无肥胖者儿童肥胖发生率为39.71%（P〈0.01）;父母肥胖与儿童肥胖关系的OR值为2.971,95%CI=1.617-5.460（P〈0.01）。儿童身高、体重和体质指数（BMI）与父母身高、体重和BMI存在相关关系。肥胖组儿童血清瘦素、胰岛素水平,男童分别为（26.00±14.66）μg/L,（36.05±15.65）mU/L;女童分别为（33.59±14.63）μg/L,（36.38±15.23）mU/L,均高于正常对照组。父母肥胖与否,儿童血清瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体、胰岛素水平差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论父母肥胖与儿童肥胖的发生高度相关;父母肥胖对儿童血清瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体和胰岛素水平无明显影响。     

单纯性肥胖女孩3种激素水平及与BMI的关系

目的探讨不同年龄段单纯性肥胖女孩的血清瘦素(Leptin)、雌二醇(E2)、胰岛素(Ins)3种激素水平和内分泌相互作用及与体重指数(BMI)之间的关系,以便为青春期女生生长发育的研究提供依据.方法对荥阳市6所中小学女生2 000名测量体重后,从筛查出的单纯性肥胖儿童中随机抽取60名,同时从正常体重女生中抽取60名为对照.按年龄分组,分别用放射免疫方法(RIA)测定其血清3种激素的含量.结果各年龄组对照组和肥胖组女孩的Leptin和Ins水平差异有显著性(P＜0.05),各年龄组Leptin和Ins水平与BMI有明显的相关性(P＜0.05).结论 3种激素水平均随年龄、体重和BMI的升高而升高.肥胖女孩的Leptin和Ins分泌紊乱.瘦素水平能从一定程度上反应肥胖的程度,结合内分泌水平可对肥胖程度以准确评价.     

单纯性肥胖儿童血清Leptin、IGF1、IGFBP3及性激素变化

目的探讨单纯性肥胖儿童血清瘦素(Leptin)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP3)、雌二醇(E2)及睾酮(T)水平及其相互关系.方法用放免法检测61例青春期前肥胖儿童和60例健康儿童的血清Leptin、IGF1、IGFBP3水平,采用全自动荧光免疫分析仪测定E2及T.结果肥胖儿童血清Leptin、IGF1及E2水平均显著高于健康对照组(P均＜0.01), 肥胖女童IGFBP3高于对照组(P＜0.05),而肥胖男童T水平则明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论单纯性肥胖儿童存在瘦素抵抗及内分泌代谢紊乱,瘦素抵抗可能在肥胖的发生发展中起重要作用.     

老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的探讨老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法收集70例老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者和70例老年正常对照者，采用放免法检测血清瘦素水平，并测定空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、甘油三酯（TG）等；采用稳态模型公式计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IK）来评价胰岛素抵抗的程度。结果老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血清瘦素、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及HOMA-IR均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01或0．05）；瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数正相关，与胰岛素敏感指数负相关（P〈0．05）；Logistic回归分析显示，瘦素的升高与老年Ⅱ型糖尿病的发病密切相关。结论老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平显著升高，且与胰岛素抵抗明显相关。     

肥胖高血压患者血清瘦素与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及胰岛素相关性分析

目的分析瘦素与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）、胰岛素的相关性,探讨瘦素在肥胖高血压患者发病中的病理生理机制。方法收集肥胖高血压患者38例,非肥胖高血压患者32例,肥胖者33例,健康对照者33例。测定瘦素、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、肾素（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）和空腹血糖（FPG）,计算胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）。测量身高、体重,计算体质指数（BMI）。结果肥胖高血压组、高血压组和肥胖组患者ISI均低于对照组（P〈0.05）。肥胖高血压组、肥胖组患者瘦素水平高于对照组（P〈0.05）,肥胖高血压组患者瘦素水平高于肥胖组（P〈0.05）。以瘦素为因变量进行多元逐步回归分析,发现影响血清瘦素水平的因素主要是性别、收缩压、BMI、ISI和PRA（r^2=0.596,P〈0.05）。各组患者瘦素水平均与ISI负相关（P〈0.05）。肥胖高血压组患者瘦素水平与PRA、ALD正相关（P〈0.05）,高血压组患者瘦素水平与AngⅡ正相关（P〈0.05）,肥胖组患者瘦素水平与PRA正相关（P〈0.05）。将肥胖高血压组和高血压组合并后,按PRA分为高肾素组（B组）、低肾素和正常肾素组（A组）,B组患者瘦素水平高于A组（P〈0.05）。结论肥胖者、肥胖高血压者均存在瘦素抵抗和胰岛素抵抗,二者相互作用。瘦素通过影响RAAS活性导致肥胖者血压增高,主要表现为收缩压升高,并且这一效应独立于胰岛素。     

肥胖与正常儿童血中瘦素与性激素水平变化规律研究

目的 研究瘦素与笥激素水平在肥胖和正学儿童青春期发育中的变化规律及它们的相互关系。方法 检测10－15岁300名单纯性肥胖儿童与3000名正常儿童血中的瘦素和性激素水平。结果 随着年龄的增长,瘦素水平在男孩中呈现由低→高→低的变化规律,在女孩中呈现逐渐增高趋势;性激素水平在各组儿童中呈现增高趋势。各年龄段肥胖儿童血中瘦素水平均明显地正常儿童（P＜0.01）;肥胖男孩睾酮水平在10、11、12岁显低于正常男孩（P＜0.01）,在15岁显高于正常男孩（P＜0.01）;肥胖女孩雌二醇水平在10岁显高于正常女孩（P＜0.05）,在12、14、15岁3个年龄组显低于正常女孩（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。另外还发现,男孩睾酮与瘦素呈强负相关（肥胖组：r=-0.83,P＜0.01;正常组：r=-0.93,P＜0.01）;女孩雌二醇与瘦素呈强正相关（肥胖组：r=0.84,P＜0.01;正常组：r=-0.95,P＜0.01）;结论 瘦素可能启动儿童青春期的开始并受性激素的调节,并且其在女孩青春期发育中可能发挥比男更为重要的作用;瘦素与性激素相关关系的两性差异 可能是造成男女性发育开始时间不同的原因之一。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.