躯体化障碍与抑郁症的临床特征比较

目的：弄清躯体化障碍是否为一处陷匿形式的抑郁症。方法：按ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ诊断标准收集躯体化障碍５６例（Ａ组）、抑郁症５１例（Ｂ组）,对两级人列均用病史问卷及汉尔顿抑郁量表（ＨＡＭＤ）进行调查评定。结果：Ａ组躯体症状频率显著高于Ｂ组,抑郁症状频率和ＨＡＮＤ总分显著低于Ｂ组,两组在ＨＡＭＤ因子分析,疾病行为与态度、病程演变及发病背景方面存在显著差异。     

综合性医院中抑郁症及其躯体化症状的研究

比较综合性医院中有无躯体化症状抑郁症患者的临床特征。方法采用半定式检查方法，对连续就诊并且符合ＣＣＭＤ—２—Ｒ和ＩＣＤ—１０抑郁症诊断标准的患者，采用ＨＡＭＤ、ＨＡＭＡ、ＳＣＬ—９０及自制的躯体调查表进行评定。结果躯体化组中ＨＡＭＤ总分以及焦虑／躯体化、阻滞和绝望感因子分，ＨＡＭＡ总分以及精神性焦虑、躯体性焦虑因子分，ＳＣＬ—９０中躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子分均显著高于无躯体化组。结论综合性医院中抑郁症的躯体化症状，不仅受抑郁障碍影响，同时与焦虑障碍有关。     

综合性医院中抑郁症及其躯体体症状的研究

目的 比较综合性医院中有无躯体化症状抑郁症患者的临床特征。方法 采用半定式检查方法，对连续就诊并且符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ和ＩＣＤ－１０抑郁症诊断标准的患者，采用ＨＡＭＤ、ＨＡＭＡ、ＳＣＬ－９０及自制的身体调查表进行评定。结果 躯体化组中ＨＡＭＤ总分及焦虑／躯体际关系、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子分均显著高于无躯体化组。结论 综合性医院中抑郁症的躯体化症状，不仅受抑郁症障碍影响，同时与焦虑障碍有关。     

中枢神经系统一氧化氮对大鼠的痛觉调制作用

以钾离子透入引起大鼠甩尾的电流强度（ｍＡ）作为痛反应指标,采用侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）、亚甲基蓝（ＭＢ）等,大鼠痛阈的变化,分析探讨中枢神经系统中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对大鼠痛觉的调制作用,结果显示：大鼠侧脑室微量注射ＮＯ前体及供体物质Ｌ－Ａｒｇ和硝普钠（ＳＮＰ）均引起明显的痛敏效应。微量注射ＭＢ和Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ后大鼠痛阈升高非常显著。侧脑室微量注射ＭＢ和Ｌ－Ａｒｇ混合液后,大鼠痛阈较单纯注     

强迫症的临床特征

目的：探讨强迫症（ＯＣＤ）的临床表现。方法：对４０例符合ＤＳＭ－ⅣＯＣＤ诊断标准病人进行以下量表和问卷评定：强迫症量表（Ｙ－ＢＯＣＳ）,Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ抑郁量表（ＨＡＭＤ）,Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ焦虑量表（ＨＡＭＡ）,Ｍａｒｋｓ恐怖强迫量表（ＭＳＣＰＯＲ）,临床疗效总评量表（ＣＧＩ）和艾森克个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）;并对６５名正常人进行ＥＰＱ测试。结果：１５岁以前发病患者的ＭＳＣＰＯＲ的工作适应能力下降（ＷＤ）分显著高于１５岁以后发病患者;合病组病人的ＨＡＭＤ和ＥＰＱ的神经质分显著高于非合病组;洗涤／回避组的ＨＡＭＡ评分显著较高,迟缓／仪式化组的发病年龄显著较低,两组的ＭＳＣＰＯＲ的ＷＤ评分均显著高于强迫检查行为组。结论：１５岁以前发病,合病组,主要表现迟缓／仪式化或洗涤／回避症状的病人是ＯＣＤ较为严重的亚型。     

Alzheimer病与老年精神分裂症的脑电地形图研究

目的：为探讨Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）和老年精神分裂症患者（ＳＳ）在定量脑电地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）检查中特点。方法：应用丹麦ＳＥＥＧ－１６道脑电地形图仪，对符合ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ诊断标准的３２例ＡＤ、２４例ＳＳ和３９例正常老人作了ＢＥＡＭ检查。结果：ＢＥＡＭ－ＥＥＧ图象上ＡＤ患者和ＳＳ患者均出现低密度带，前者为横行形，后者趋向凹字形。与正常老人相比，ＡＤ患者和ＳＳ患者ＢＥＡＭ－ＥＥＧ变化特征是，δ和θ波功率上ＡＤ在所有点、ＳＳ在主要点均增高，绝大部分脑区增高程度在统计学上有显著意义。α波功率下降，ＡＤ患者在后颞、前颞、顶区，ＳＳ患者在额区、顶区有显著差异。β波功率ＡＤ患者在前额、后颞，ＳＳ患者在额极、中颞、后颞、枕区增高，且有显著性。结论：ＡＤ患者和ＳＳ患者的ＢＥＡＭ－ＥＥＧ具有不同于正常老人的变异，且ＡＤ和ＳＳ患者在脑区记录点异常分布上明显不同，提示ＢＥＡＭ－ＥＥＧ对ＡＤ患者和ＳＳ患者鉴别上有一定参考意义。     

红景天保护缺血再灌注损伤鼠脑细胞的作用及机理研究

目的研究红景天对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法４ＶＯ法复制缺血再灌注动物模型;放免法及化学发光法测定乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及内皮素（ＥＴ）含量;细胞培养观察红景天对神经细胞的作用。结果（１）缺血再灌注组（ＩＲ）Ａｃｈ含量显著低于假手术组（ＳＡＭ）,药物预防后缺血再灌注组（Ｒ＋ＩＲ）及缺血再灌注后药物治疗组（ＩＲ＋Ｒ）较ＩＲ组显著升高。（２）ＩＲ组ＮＯ含量显著高于ＳＡＭ组,Ｒ＋ＩＲ组及ＩＲ＋Ｒ组ＮＯ含量显著降低。（３）ＩＲ组ＥＴ含量显著高于ＳＡＭ组而Ｒ＋ＩＲ组显著降低。（４）红景天甙培养组细胞存活率及ＬＤＨ含量明显高于对照组,ＮＭＤＡ损伤＋红景天甙组细胞存活率明显高于ＮＭＤＡ损伤组,ＬＤＨ含量却明显降低。结论红景天对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时脑神经细胞具有保护作用。     

巴金森病与多系统萎缩患者的交感神经皮肤反应研究

目的：研究原发性巴金森病（ＩＰＤ）与多系统萎缩（ＭＳＡ）交感神经皮肤反应（ＳＳＲ）,以搪塞它们自主神经功能障碍的差异。方法：对３１例ＩＰＤ、１７例ＭＳＡ和８３位正常人的ＳＳＲ结果比较,分析ＰＤ组和ＭＳＡ组ＳＳＲ异常特征和与病程、自主神经症状的相关性。结果：ＭＳＡ组ＳＳＲ异常率（７６％）显著高于ＩＰＤ组（４５％）,以双侧异常多见。３年内病程的ＳＳＲ异常率为７３％,并与自主神经症状相关。ＩＰＤ组ＳＳＲ     

MRI和BAEP在多系统萎缩不同类型中的诊断价值

目的：探讨多系统萎缩（ＭＳＡ）的临床特点,以及磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）和脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）对不同类型ＭＳＡ的诊断价值。方法：对５０例ＭＳＡ的临床资料、ＭＲＩ和ＢＡＥＰ进行回顾性分析。结累：５０例ＭＳＡ中,散发型橄榄桥脑小脑萎缩（ＳＯＰＣＡ）２５例,占５０．０％,临床上以小脑型共济失调为主要表现,ＢＡＥＰ最敏感,ＭＲＩ次之;纹状体黑质变性（ＳＮＤ）１５例,占３０％,以肌张力增高为主,ＭＲＩ最敏感,ＢＡＥＰ次之。Ｓｈｙ—ｄｒａｇｅｒ综合征（ＳＤＳ）１０例,占２０％,以直立性低血压和头晕为主,ＢＡＥＰ最敏感。而且将ＳＮＤ与原发性帕金森综合征（ＩＰＤ）的ＢＡＥＰ相比,前者的敏感性明显升高,差别有显著性。结抡：ＭＳＡ分型不同临床表现各有侧重,ＭＲＩ及 ＢＡＥＰ在 ＭＳＡ诊断和鉴别诊断中有极重要价值。     

国产吗氯贝胺与丙咪嗪治疗抑郁症双盲对照研究

目的 评价国产吗氯胺片剂治疗抑郁症的临床疗效和副作用。方法 采用与丙咪嗪的随机双盲对照方法，将符合ＩＣＤ－１０－ＲＤＣ和ＣＣＭＤ－Ⅱ－Ｒ抑郁症的６９例患者随机分为吗氯贝胺组（３４例）和丙咪嗪组（３５例），治疗四周，采用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ抑郁量表（ＨＡＭＤ）、Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ焦虑量表（ＨＡＭＡ）和治疗药物副作用量表（ＴＥＳＳ）＾「１」评定疗效和副作用。结果 两组治疗结束时的疗效和ＨＡＭＤ、ＨＡＭＡ减分     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.