HPLC法测定骨刺消痛胶囊中丹皮酚的含量

目的建立一种高效液相色谱法测定骨刺消痛胶囊中丹皮酚含量的方法。方法用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;甲醇-水(50∶50)为流动相;流速1.0ml.min-1;检测波长为274nm。结果丹皮酚对照品进样量在0.06～0.14mg之间与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系。结论本法灵敏度高,准确性好,可用于骨刺消痛胶囊丹皮酚的含量检测。     

RP-HPLC法测定骨刺消痛胶囊中丹皮酚的含量

目的:建立以反相高效液相色谱法测定骨刺消痛胶囊中丹皮酚含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Shim-pack C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(50∶50),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为274nm。结果:丹皮酚进样量在0.452～2.260μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999);平均回收率为97.26%,RSD=1.62%(n=9)。结论:本方法操作简便、快速、准确,可作为丹皮酚的定量分析方法。     

骨刺消痛胶囊的薄层色谱鉴别

目的:建立骨刺消痛胶囊的定性鉴别方法.方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对骨刺消痛胶囊中徐长卿、当归、甘草、白芷进行鉴别,并对不同批号样品进行了实测.结果:四味药材的薄层色谱鉴别呈阳性.结论:本法可作为骨刺消痛胶囊质量控制的有效方法.     

HPLC法测定骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷的含量

目的建立骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法对骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷(以欧前胡素和异欧前胡素计)的含量进行测定。结果欧前胡素在6.0～60.0μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9998,平均回收率为93.6%,RSD=2.48%(n=6);异欧前胡素在4.0～40.0μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9998,平均回收率为90.4%,RSD=1.51%(n=6)。结论该方法简便、可靠、重复性好,可用于骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定经带宁胶囊中丹皮酚的含量

目的HPLC法测定经带宁胶囊中丹皮酚的含量。方法色谱柱:KromasilC18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇∶水(60∶40);流速:1.0mL.min-1;检测波长:274nm。结果丹皮酚在12.72~127.20μg.mL-1范围内呈线性关系,平均回收率99.26%,RSD=1.2%(n=6)。结论该方法简单、可靠、专属性强,可用于经带宁胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定乳癖消片(胶囊)中丹皮酚的含量

目的:建立乳癖消片(胶囊)中丹皮酚含量的测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为WatersC18柱,流动相为乙腈-1%冰乙酸(33:67),检测波长为274nm,柱温为25℃,流速为0.8mL·min-1,进样量为20μL。结果:丹皮酚进样量在0.008528～0.076752μg(r=0.9999)范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率为102.2%,RSD=1.63%。结论:本法简便可靠、重复性好,可用于乳癖消片(胶囊)的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定前列舒丸中丹皮酚的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定前列舒丸中丹皮酚的含量测定方法。方法:色谱柱为Kramasil C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(50∶50)为流动相,流速为1.0mL.min-1,检测波长274nm。结果丹皮酚的线性范围是0.1192~0.5960μg,r=0.9996,平均加样回收率为99.57%,RSD=1.42%。结论该方法结果准确、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

骨刺消胶囊中阿魏酸的HPLC测定

目的:建立骨刺消胶囊中阿魏酸的含量测定方法.方法:HPLC法,日本岛津ODS C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液(13.5:86.5);检测波长为315 nm;柱温40℃.结果:阿魏酸线性范围为0.051～0.51μg,平均回收率100.5%,RSD为1.83%.结论:方法可靠,简单可行,为控制骨刺消胶囊的质量提供了科学依据.     

HPLC同时测定津溢胶囊中丹皮酚与格列本脲的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定津溢胶囊中格列本脲和丹皮酚的含量.方法 采用C18柱,以甲醇-磷酸二氢铵溶液(62∶38)为流动相,检测波长274 nm.结果 格列本脲进样量在0.34～1.69 μg内线性关系良好,:r=0.999 8;丹皮酚进样量在0.17～0.83 μg内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8.平均回收率:格列本脲98.6%(RSD=0.5%,n=6);丹皮酚101.1%(RSD=1.4%,n=6).结论 本方法测定津溢胶囊中格列本脲和丹皮酚的含量准确,方便快捷,且分离效果好.     

高效液相色谱法测定复肾宁胶囊中丹皮酚的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定复肾宁胶囊中丹皮酚的含量测定方法。方法:采用Diamond C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(70∶30)为流动相,检测波长为274nm。结果:线性范围为0.04~0.20μg,r=0.999 1(n=5),平均回收率为97.86%,RSD为1.9%。结论:该方法简便、快速、结果准确,适用于复肾宁胶囊的质量控制。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.