Cohort Profile Update: the China Metal-Exposed workers Cohort Study (Jinchang Cohort)

European Journal of Epidemiology - The Jinchang Cohort was an ongoing 20-year ambispective cohort with unique metal exposures to an occupational population. From January 2014 to December 2019, the...     

Use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in a Cohort of HIV-Seropositive Women

OBJECTIVES: This study examined longitudinal trends in use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among a cohort of HIV-positive participants in the Women' Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Beginning in 1994, 1690 HIV-positive women reported detailed information about their use of antiretroviral therapy at 6-month study visits. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the likelihood of antiretroviral therapy and HAART use among women with study visits preceding and following HAART availability. RESULTS: Before the availability of HAART, the cohort' likelihood of any antiretroviral therapy use was associated with clinical indicators (CD4 count, viral load, symptom presence) as well as behavioral factors (abstaining from drug and alcohol use, participating in clinical trials). After HAART became commercially available, newly emerging predictors included college education, private insurance, absence of injection drug use history, and not being African American. CONCLUSIONS: After the penetration of HAART into this cohort, additional differences emerged between HAART users and nonusers. These findings can inform public health efforts to enhance women' access to the most effective types of therapy.     

Implications of Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Net Fishing in Lower Income Countries

Introduction: Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) are highly effective for the control of malaria. Yet widely distributed ITNs have been repurposed as fishing nets throughout the world.Objectives: Herein we present a synthesis of the current knowledge of ITN fishing and the toxicity of pyrethroids and discuss the potential implications of widespread fishing with ITNs. We further review effective management strategies in tropical fisheries to explore a framework for managing potential ITN fishing impacts.Discussion: Pyrethroids are toxic to fish and aquatic environments, and fishing with ITNs may endanger the health of fisheries. Furthermore, although human toxicity to the pyrethroid insecticides that impregnate ITNs is traditionally thought to be low, recent scientific advances have shown that pyrethroid exposure is associated with a host of human health issues, including neurocognitive developmental disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although it is known that ITN fishing is widespread, the implications for both fisheries and human communities is understudied and may be severe. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7001     

Cohort Profile: The Precipitating Events Project (PEP Study)

The journal of nutrition, health & aging - The Precipitating Events Project (PEP Study) is an ongoing longitudinal study of 754 nondisabled community-living persons age 70 years or older who...     

Study Profile of the Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study

BackgroundThe Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study was launched in 2005 to examine gene–environment interactions in lifestyle-related diseases, including cancers, among the Japanese. This report describes the study design and baseline profile of the study participants.MethodsThe participants of the J-MICC Study were individuals aged 35 to 69 years enrolled from respondents to study announcements in specified regions, inhabitants attending health checkup examinations provided by local governments, visitors at health checkup centers, and first-visit patients at a cancer hospital in Japan. At the time of the baseline survey, from 2005 to 2014, we obtained comprehensive information regarding demographics, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, sleeping, exercise, food intake frequency, medication and supplement use, personal and family disease history, psychological stress, and female reproductive history and collected peripheral blood samples.ResultsThe baseline survey included 92,610 adults (mean age: 55.2 [standard deviation, 9.4] years, 44.1% men) from 14 study regions in 12 prefectures. The participation rate was 33.5%, with participation ranging from 19.7% to 69.8% in different study regions. The largest number of participants was in the age groups of 65–69 years for men and 60–64 years for women. There were differences in body mass index, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep duration between men and women.ConclusionsThe J-MICC Study collected lifestyle and clinical data and biospecimens from over 90,000 participants. This cohort is expected to be a valuable resource for the national and international scientific community in providing evidence to support longer healthy lives.Key words: study profile, cohort study, gene–environment interactions, cancer, J-MICC     

The Ontario Integrated Supervised Injection Services Cohort Study of People Who Inject Drugs in Toronto,Canada (OiSIS-Toronto): Cohort Profile

The Ontario Integrated Supervised Injection Services cohort in Toronto, Canada (OiSIS-Toronto) is an open prospective cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID). OiSIS-Toronto was established to evaluate the impacts of supervised consumption services (SCS) integrated within three community health agencies on health status and service use. The cohort includes PWID who do and do not use SCS, recruited via self-referral, snowball sampling, and community/street outreach. From 5 November 2018 to 19 March 2020, we enrolled 701 eligible PWID aged 18+ who lived in Toronto. Participants complete interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and semi-annually thereafter and are asked to consent to linkages with provincial healthcare administrative databases (90.2% consented; of whom 82.4% were successfully linked) and SCS client databases. At baseline, 86.5% of participants (64.0% cisgender men, median ([IQR] age= 39 [33–49]) had used SCS in the previous 6 months, of whom most (69.7%) used SCS for <75% of their injections. A majority (56.8%) injected daily, and approximately half (48.0%) reported fentanyl as their most frequently injected drug. As of 23 April 2021, 291 (41.5%) participants had returned for follow-up. Administrative and self-report data are being used to (1) evaluate the impact of integrated SCS on healthcare use, uptake of community health agency services, and health outcomes; (2) identify barriers and facilitators to SCS use; and (3) identify potential enhancements to SCS delivery. Nested sub-studies include evaluation of “safer opioid supply” programs and impacts of COVID-19.     

中国报告15岁以下儿童艾滋病病例流行特征分析

  目的  了解广西壮族自治区经母婴传播感染艾滋病的患者生存状况及其影响因素。  方法  利用中国疾病预防控制系统艾滋病综合防治信息系统数据,采取回顾性队列研究方法,对2001 — 2015年报告的传播途径为母婴传播或接触史有母亲艾滋病病毒（HIV）抗体阳性、且现住址在广西壮族自治区的艾滋病患者进行分析,用Kaplan-Meler绘制生存曲线,Cox比例风险模型分析其影响因素。  结果  共纳入研究对象940例,中位观察时间为2.39人年,死亡207例,死亡率为7.79/100人年。经Cox比例风险回归模型分析,首次CD4细胞计数、报告来源、治疗情况与研究对象死亡有统计学关联。经控制混杂因素后,首次CD4细胞计数为500～351 个/μL、350～200 个/μL、< 200 个/μL的死亡风险是 > 500 个/μL的1.72倍、2.64倍和3.74倍;来源于医院就诊检测的死亡风险是检测咨询的2.13倍;未接受抗病毒治疗的死亡风险是接受抗病毒治疗的12.62倍,2者的生存率曲线分布有统计学意义（χ² = 386.705,P < 0.001）。  结论  广西壮族自治区经母婴传播艾滋病患者早发现早治疗尚存在较大空间,首次CD4细胞计数、报告来源和治疗情况是影响生存时间的主要因素。