小果蔷薇果实的化学成分研究

目的:研究小果蔷薇果实的化学成分。方法:应用柱色谱技术对小果蔷薇(Rosa cymosa Tratt.)干燥果实的75%醇提物进行分离纯化,经过1H-NMR以及13C-NMR等波谱学技术以及参考文献鉴定化合物结构。结果:分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为:白桦脂酸(1)、白桦脂酸甲酯(2)、3β-O-乙酰基白桦脂酸(3)、熊果酸(4)、3β-O-乙酰基熊果酸(5)、3β-O-乙酰基坡模醇酸(6)以及β-谷甾醇(7)。结论:化合物1-6是首次从该植物中分离得到。     

互叶白千层化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究互叶白千层Melaleuca alternifolia茎皮中的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、重结晶、高效制备液相色谱法等现代分离方法和技术对其化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。采用CCK-8法,以人非小细胞肺癌PC-9细胞、人结直肠腺癌HT-29细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞为模型,对所分离鉴定的部分化合物进行初步的体外细胞毒活性评价。结果从互叶白千层茎皮中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为乌苏酸-3-O-β-顺式-咖啡酸酯(1)、乌苏酸-3-O-β-反式-咖啡酸酯(2)、阿魏酸三十酯(3)、3-O-乙酰基-11(12)-烯-乌苏-28,13β-二酯(4)、3-O-乙酰基乌苏酸(5)、咖啡酸三十酯(6)、乌苏酸(7)、正二十九烷醇(8)、乌苏-12(13)-烯-3-酮-28-羧酸(9)、3β-O-乙酰基-11α,12α-环氧-齐墩果烷-28,13β-内酯(10)、白桦脂醇(11)。结论化合物1与2互为顺反异构体,为首次从天然产物中分离得到的新化合物;除化合物11外,其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到;化合物1的细胞毒活性较其异构体(2)强,对3种肿瘤细胞增殖具有中等强度的抑制作用。     

鹿药新呋甾皂苷的分离鉴定及活性研究

目的:研究鹿药Smilacina japonica根茎及根的化学成分及活性.方法:采用超声提取,柱色谱分离与纯化,根据理化性质及红外、质谱、一维、二维核磁共振等波谱方法鉴定结构,进行了体外抗肿瘤活性测定.结果:分离得到1个化合物,鉴定为26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(25R)-呋甾-5-烯3β,12,17α,22ζ,26-五醇-12-O-乙酰基-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),该化合物具有抑制入肺腺癌SPC-A-1细胞生长的活性.结论:化合物1为新化合物.     

刺楸树皮的化学成分

目的:研究刺楸树皮的化学成分,为阐明其活性成分提供依据。方法:采用80%乙醇进行提取,硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱及高效液相制备进行分离纯化,波谱分析(核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和质谱)确定结构。结果:分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-28-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→4)-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→6)-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-常春藤皂苷元酯(Ⅰ),刺楸皂苷I(Ⅱ),3-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→6)-O-β-D-葡萄糖常春藤皂苷元酯(Ⅲ),刺楸皂苷B(Ⅳ),丁香树脂醇双葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ),2-甲氧基对苯二酚4-O-[6-O-(4-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-紫丁香基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅵ),紫丁香苷(Ⅶ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ为首次从本属植物中分得。     

鹿药化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性

目的研究鹿药Smilacina japonica A.Gray根茎及根的的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性。方法鹿药乙醇提取物采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、凝胶色谱柱和重结晶等方法分离纯化,根据波谱数据及理化性质鉴定所得化合物的结构。然后,MTT法考察其对人结肠癌细胞株Caco-2、人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7、人胃癌细胞株BGC-823和人肺腺癌细胞株SPC-A1的抑制作用。结果从中分得3个化合物,分别鉴定为26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(25R)-呋甾-5-烯-3β,12,17α,22ξ,26-五醇-12-O-乙酰基-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、薯蓣皂苷(2)、(25R)-海柯皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3)。其中,化合物1对SPC-A1细胞、化合物3对Caco-2和MCF-7细胞增殖有较强的抑制作用,化合物2对Caco-2细胞有抑制作用。结论首次从鹿药中分离得到3个甾体皂苷均具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。     

翻白草化学成分的研究

目的 研究翻白草的化学成分.方法用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等多种柱色谱分离,得到单体化合物,用各种有机波谱鉴定化合物结构.结果分离得到6个化合物,鉴定为坡模酸(pomolic acid,1),3-O-乙酰坡模醇(3-O-acetyl-pomolic acid, 2),齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,3),2α-羟基白桦酯酸(2α-hydroxyl betulinic acid, 4), 槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(quercetin-3-O-β- D-glucoside,5),山萘酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside,6).结论所有化合物均为首次从翻白草中分离得到.     

抗肿瘤中药青龙衣化学成分研究

目的:研究核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica Maxim)的未成熟的外果皮的化学成分。方法:采用常规硅胶柱、半制备高效液相色谱等手段进行分离制备,利用各种谱学技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从青龙衣中分离得到14种三萜类化合物,分别鉴定为2α-羟基齐墩果酸(1),2α,23-二羟基齐墩果酸(2),齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),阿江榄仁酸(4),青钱柳酸A(5),青钱柳酸B(6),蒲公英萜醇(7),2α-羟基熊果酸(8),23-羟基熊果酸(9),2α,3α,19α-三羟基熊果酸(10),2α,3β,19α-三羟基熊果酸-12-烯-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11),青钱柳苷I(12),木栓酮(13),3-羟基-30-去甲基-20-酮基-28-羽扇豆酸(14)。结论:化合物3~7、11~14首次从青龙衣中分离得到。     

细梗香草化学成分的分离鉴定

目的:对细梗香草正丁醇部位进行系统的化学成分研究。方法:取细梗香草药材粉碎,用70%乙醇回流提取,减压回收溶剂得浸膏,浸膏经水溶解后,用正丁醇萃取,得到正丁醇部位,采用大孔树脂柱,中压ODS柱色谱,硅胶柱色谱,LH-20型羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱和制备高效液相色谱等技术手段进行分离纯化,分离得到单体化合物,并经波谱数据分析和文献数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从细梗香草正丁醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,其中6个皂苷类和9个黄酮苷类化合物,分别鉴定为细梗香草皂苷B(1),细梗香草皂苷C(2),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-[4-O-E-pcoumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)][β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3),kaempferol-3-O-{[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)][α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]}-β-D-3-trans-pcoumaroylgalactopyranoside(4),细梗香草皂苷K(5),3β-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16α-hydroxyolean-28,13β-olide (6),细梗香草皂苷I(7),quercetin-3-O-(2″,6″-diO-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranoside(8),kaempferol-3-O-{[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)][α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-galactopyranoside (9), kaempferol-3-O-[2-glucopyranosyl (1→3) rhamnopyranosyl-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside (10),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→6)]-β-Dgalactopyranoside (11),capilliposide I (12),kaempferol-3-O-{(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[4-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)]-α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-(β-D-galactopyranoside)}-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (13),kaempferol-3-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)]-4-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)}-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O(4-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (14),(3β,20S,23S,24R)-3,20,23,24,25,29-hexahydroxydammaran-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(15)。结论:化合物3,4,6,9,10,13～15为首次在该植物中分离得到。     

类叶牡丹化学成分的研究

目的对类叶牡丹Caulophyllum robustum根中化学成分进行研究。方法利用反复硅胶柱色谱、中压柱色谱及半制备液相色谱等方法分离纯化,通过核磁共振谱、质谱等光谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从类叶牡丹根中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为刺囊酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(1)、3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、HN-saponin H(3)、ciwujianosides A_1(4)、glycoside L-K_1(5)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、leonticin F(7)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-刺囊酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、leonticinA(9)、莫诺苷(10)。结论化合物10是环烯醚萜类,其余化合物为皂苷类;化合物1、10首次从红毛七属植物中分离得到,化合物2~9首次从该植物中分离得到。     

密脉鹅掌柴中两个新的羽扇豆烷型三萜(英文)

目的:对密脉鹅掌柴的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、Rp-C8 柱色谱等方法分离化学成分, 应用UV、IR、MS、NMR、2D-NMR 等方法进行结构分析。结果: 从密脉鹅掌柴中分离鉴定了2个新的化合物:3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基-14-醛基-白桦脂酸苷-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-14-醛基-白桦脂酸苷-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(2)。结论:化合物1和2为新的羽扇豆烷型三萜。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.