离体牙Ⅱ类洞银汞充填体对测定牙电活力的影响

为了解相邻牙Ⅱ类洞银汞充填后对测定电活力的影响,将10颗拔除磨牙备Ⅱ类洞,银汞充填后,按两颗一组,银汞面靠紧,测同一颗牙颊侧釉质至其(?)面银汞及相邻牙(?)银汞的电阻值,发现两者没有差异,说明在电活力测定中,由于Ⅱ类洞银汞充填体传导电流,可能影响邻牙的电活力测定数值。 牙髓电活力测定是判断牙髓生活状态的常用手段之一,影响因素很多,本文主要了解相邻牙的Ⅱ类洞银汞充填体是否影响测定牙齿的电活力。     

牙本质粘结剂应用于银汞充填的临床观察

评价临床上应用粘结技术粘结银汞充填体的效果,方法两种牙本质结剂被用于只有邻面箱状固位的Ⅱ类洞银汞充填体的粘结,并与传统的Ⅱ类洞银汞充填体进行临床比较研究。结果经二年的临床观察,两种牙本质粘结剂粘结的银汞充填体成功率二者间无显著性差异,但明显高于传统的银汞充填体的成功率。结论临床上牙本质粘结肯改善银汞充填体的固位力和密合度。     

银汞、GIC充填乳牙龋的临床观察

目的 比较银汞、普通GIC和Ketac-Cem GIc在乳牙龋充填的效果，探讨Ketac-Cem GIC作为充填材料是否理想。方法 选择57例4～6岁双侧同名牙患乳磨牙he面中龋儿童为实验组1，一侧用银汞进行常规备洞充填，一侧为KC GIC直接充填。选择55例患儿为实验组2，一侧为银汞常规备洞充填，一侧为普通GIC直接充填。选择55例患儿为实验组3，一侧为普通GIC直接充填，一侧为KC GIC直接充填。临床观察时间2年。结果 实验组1中银汞充填体组脱落和继发龋发生率为26．3％。KC GIC为7％。实验组2中银汞脱落和继发龋为21．8％。GIC为12．7％。实验组3中KC GIC常规备洞组脱落和继发龋发生率为5．5％。普通GIC充填组为10．9％。结论 普通GIC、银汞和KC GIC用于乳牙龋充填治疗时，KC GIC可以更有效防止微渗漏和继发龋的发生。     

银汞充填的临床效果

Allan氏报导银汞充填的持久性只有几年,在八年期间有50%银汞充填已重补。本文报导挪威某一中等市镇的资料。于1978年3～4月进行,根据临床检查和X线片评价银汞充填。246人,年龄均为25岁,有下颌第一磨牙203例近中(牙合)面Ⅱ类洞和127例颊面     

粘接银汞修复后牙体的抗折力研究

目的:评价不同的银汞粘接剂应用于粘接银汞修复时,修复后牙体的抗折力差异.方法:选50个健康的上颌前磨牙,除10个作空白对照外,其余40颗在(牙合)面制备近远中邻(牙合)洞,分为4组(直接银汞充填组;树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀组;玻璃离子水门汀组;树脂型银汞粘接剂组).样品37℃水浴72 h,5℃到55℃水浴循环2 500次,然后用振动动态测试系统进行抗折实验,直至破裂,记录时间.结果:对照组在5组中显示出最高的抗折力,用ANOVA和t检验显示其与各组间均有显著差异;树脂加强型玻璃离子组较其他实验组有更高的牙齿抗折力.结论:粘接银汞修复是一项有效的技术,用树脂加强型玻璃离子作粘接剂能更有效地提高牙体的抗折力,值得在临床推广应用.     

粘合银汞修复技术在后牙的应用体会

目的 研究粘合银汞修复技术的优点及适应证。方法 常规去腐、消毒后酸蚀、涂粘接剂再行常规银汞充填。结果 经过1－2年的复查,采用粘合银汞修复技术的患牙成功率为94.5％。结论 够将银汞合金最好的特性与洞型的保护预备原则和粘合的本身具有的边缘封闭结合起来,为后牙提供了理想的修复技术。     

有关Ⅱ类洞银汞充填体悬突问题的初探

本文对90例行Ⅱ类洞银汞充填后的患牙做临床调查。A组30例仅用成形片装置后银汞充填;B组30例为用成形片装置后在牙间隙内加放自制简便牙楔后银汞充填;C组30例方法同B组,只是所用牙楔为国外推荐三棱形牙楔。结果表明,悬突的发生率为近40％。使用牙楔较单独使用成形片装置,其悬突发生率低21.17％,统计学处理有显著性差异,说明使用牙楔能较好地预防悬突的发生。     

牙线降低银汞充填体悬突发生率的研究

牙线降低银汞充填体悬突发生率的研究贵州省遵义医学院口腔系（５６３００３）杨德琴闫福华如何预防和消除Ⅱ类洞银汞充填过程中出现的悬突，一直是口腔医务工作者所关心的问题。本研究旨在探讨银汞充填过程中使用牙线降低悬突发生率的可能性。材料和方法１．患牙选择与充...     

一种新的银汞充填方法

本文介绍一种新的银汞充填方法,即用化学机械法去龋,用Panavia粘接树脂将银汞粘接到牙体上。该技术适用于一次性的牙体扇形缺损的充填,Caridex去龋系统能进行保守型洞型预备,去除玷污层,使材料对牙本质的粘接更加牢固,充填时使用高铜银汞合金,因为它具有较高的强度且充填后可以即刻抛光。具体方法如下:     

玻璃离子水门汀与银汞粘接的剪切力测试

探讨了玻璃离子水门汀增强银汞充填体与牙体之间的粘结作用。取新鲜离体人磨牙制成3mm厚的牙块,在其中央制备直径3mm的圆柱形洞,分别以玻璃离子、银汞粘结剂涂于洞壁,再充填银汞合金,另设空白对照组。两周后测各组的剪切力并作统计学分析。结果表明:玻璃离子与银汞粘结剂组的剪切力比空白对照组大,并有显著差异;说明玻璃离子与银汞粘结剂均有相似的增强银汞修复体与牙体之间粘结力的作用。     

Efficacy of bonded and nonbonded amalgam in the treatment of teeth with incomplete fractures

BACKGROUND: This clinical study compared the efficacy of adhesive-retained vs. pin-retained complex amalgam restorations in the treatment of molars with incomplete fractures. Both relief of chewing pain and cold sensitivity were evaluated at two weeks, three months and one year. METHODS: The authors treated 38 patients with a chief complaint of chewing sensitivity on vital molar teeth (40 teeth in the study). A random-number generator determined the treatment method for each tooth. Twenty teeth received bonded amalgam restorations. Twenty teeth received amalgapins or threaded pins to retain the amalgam. Teeth were evaluated for postoperative chewing sensitivity. A visual analog pain scale was used to evaluate cold response to a skin-refrigerant-soaked cotton pellet at each visit. After 12 months, all 40 teeth were available for evaluation. RESULTS: Chewing pain was completely eliminated in all but one tooth. A Student's t-test found no significant difference (P > .05) in preoperative cold sensitivity between the bonded and nonbonded groups. A paired t-test comparison indicated that the teeth in the bonded group were significantly less sensitive to cold after three months and 12 months than they were at the time of the baseline measurements (P < .0001). A paired t-test indicated no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative cold sensitivity scores for teeth in the nonbonded group (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Both adhesively bonded and mechanically retained complex amalgam restorations were successful in resolving chewing sensitivity in cracked molars. For 39 of 40 teeth, chewing sensitivity did not return during the one-year follow-up period. At three months and 12 months, cold sensitivity was reduced in the bonded restorations. At all three time periods, cold sensitivity remained similar to baseline levels for the mechanically retained restorations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Incomplete tooth fracture in molars can be successfully treated by covering fractured cusps with amalgam restorations. This study excluded teeth with prolonged sensitivity to a cold stimulus or those with periodontal evidence of root fracture. With these exclusions, elimination of chewing sensitivity was predictable. Teeth restored with bonded restorations experienced a decrease in sensitivity to a cold stimulus at three months and at 12 months, but not at two weeks. The cold sensitivity of teeth restored with nonbonded restorations was similar at baseline, two weeks, three months and one year.     

Apical sealing efficacy of two reverse filling techniques versus cold-burnished Gutta-percha

The apical seal produced by the cold-burnished gutta-percha method and two amalgam reverse filling techniques was investigated in an in vitro study using 36 extracted human single-rooted teeth. Following root canal obturation, 27 teeth were divided into three experimental groups and each group was subjected to one of the three following filling techniques: (a) cold-burnishing of gutta-percha; (b) amalgam reverse filling; and (c) amalgam reverse filling in conjunction with cavity varnish. The remaining nine teeth served as controls (4). The teeth were placed in methylene blue dye for a period of 1 wk, after which they were retrieved, washed, sectioned, and the apical dye penetration measured. The results showed that amalgam with cavity varnish demonstrated less dye penetration than the other experimental groups. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.0001).     

AH Plus与CCQ碘仿糊剂根管充填的疗效比较

目的比较AHPlus糊剂加牙胶尖、CCQ碘仿糊剂加牙胶尖充填根管后的患牙疼痛反应和疗效。方法将300颗患牙随机分为AHPlus糊剂组和CCQ碘仿糊剂组,在行常规根管治疗术的基础上分别采用AHPlus糊剂加牙胶尖和CCQ碘仿糊剂加牙胶尖充填根管,观察术后1周内患牙疼痛发生情况以及术后12个月的疗效。结果疼痛发生率AHPlus糊剂组术后较CCQ碘仿糊剂组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后12个月疗效,AHPlus糊剂组高于CCQ碘仿糊剂组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AHPlus糊剂加牙胶尖充填根管可有效降低术后患牙的疼痛反应,与CCQ碘仿糊剂加牙胶尖比较,远期疗效有意义。     

Comparison of shear bond strength of amalgam bonded to primary and permanent dentin

Amalgam's non-adhesive characteristics necessitate cavity preparations incorporating retentive features, which often require the removal of non-carious tooth structure. Use of adhesives beneath amalgam restorations, would be helpful to overcome this disadvantage. This study was undertaken to compare the mean shear bond strength of amalgam bonded to primary and permanent dentin, to evaluate the efficacy of amalgam adhesives in pediatric dentistry.27 primary and 28 permanent posterior teeth with intact buccal or lingual surfaces were grounded to expose dentin and wet-polished with 400-grit silicone carbide paper. Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus adhesive system was applied to the dentin surfaces and light cured. Amalgam was condensed onto the treated dentin through a plastic mold.shear bond strength testing was done using an Instron Universal testing machine, at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.The data were analyzed by independent samples t-test The difference among the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05) Bonded amalgam showed the same level of bond strength to primary and permanent dentin; so, application of amalgam bonding agents in pediatric dentistry can be recommended.     

三种充填技术根管封闭能力的研究

目的:利用葡萄糖定量法检测根管微渗漏模型,评价侧向加压充填技术、垂直加压充填技术及固核载体充填技术对根管微渗漏的影响.方法:选取71颗直根管上前牙,根管预备后随机分为7组,A组(14颗)用热牙胶垂直加压加AH Plus充填;B组(8颗)仅用热牙胶垂直加压充填;C组(13颗)用侧方加压加AH Plus充填;D组(8颗)仅用侧方加压充填技术;E组(11颗)用Thermafil加AH Plus充填;F组(7颗)仅用Thermafil充填;G组(10颗)为阴性对照组,用粘蜡充填根管.牙根外表面、根管口及根尖孔处涂二层指甲油.于第7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测从冠方向根方漏出的葡萄糖量.结果:采用重复测量方差分析,发现第7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d A、C组及C、E组微渗漏值有显著性差异(P＜0.001),但A、E组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).各时间点C、D组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.001),但A、B组与E、F组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).第7 d、14 d及第21 d、28 d各组内比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但各组第14 d与第21 d比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:侧方加压充填技术封闭根管的能力优于垂直加压充填技术及固核载体充填技术,而后两种充填技术封闭根管的能力相当.     

Shear bond strength, microleakage, and confocal studies of 4 amalgam alloy bonding agents.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the relative shear bond strengths and microleakage of 4 bonding agents to dentin and amalgam and to investigate the bonding to dentin through confocal laser scanning microscopy. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Sixty noncarious molars were restored with 1 of 4 different systems, and the shear bond strengths were determined. For the microleakage study, Class V amalgam restorations were placed in 60 noncarious teeth. The specimens were thermocycled, the teeth were sectioned, and dye penetration was assessed. For confocal examinations, the first component of the bonding adhesives was labeled with rhodamine B. Each of the adhesives was applied to 3 dentin specimens, which were examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope RESULTS: Of the 4 restorative systems tested, AmalgamBond Plus + HPA and Prime & Bond 2.1/base-catalyst showed significantly higher shear bond strengths. Prime & Bond 2.1/base-catalyst had the lowest microleakage value, which was significantly lower than that of AmalgamBond Plus + HPA and AmalgamBond Plus. AmalgamBond Plus + HPA had the highest variation in both the bond strength and microleakage values. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed tag formation, penetration of the bonding agents deep into the tubules, and hybrid layer formation for all 4 bonding systems. CONCLUSION: The 2 best systems, Prime & Bond 2.1/base-catalyst and, to a lesser extent, AmalgamBond Plus + HPA, utilized a supplemental bonding agent.     

Seven-year dentin bond strengths of a total- and self-etch system

The aim of this study was to determine the durability of tensile bond strengths of a conventional 3-step bonding system (Superbond D-liner Plus) and a self-etching priming bonding system (Clearfil Liner Bond II) to bovine dentin over a 7 yr period. Superficial bovine dentin finished with 600-grit SiC paper was bonded with one of the two adhesive materials. A 4 mm diameter area was bonded, covered with resin composite and stored in 37 degrees C deionized water containing gypsum chips and 0.4% sodium azide as an antibacterial. Bonds were stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm min(-1). Mean bond strengths were observed at 1 d, at 1, 3, and 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 yr. Ten specimens were tested for the first 3 yr and 15 specimens were tested for 6 and 7 yr. The bond strength of Superbond D-liner Plus significantly decreased over the 7 yr period, whereas Liner Bond II showed a slight but, insignificant, decrease. The fracture mode changed with time for Superbond D-liner Plus, but not for Liner Bond II. It was concluded that systems which use a strong acid for demineralizing the dentin may show greater deterioration of the bond to dentin compared with a self-etching priming system.     

Effect of adhesive volume on the bond strength of bonded complex amalgam restorations

PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro the effect of adhesive volume on the bond strength of bonded complex amalgam restorations using Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder. METHODS: Standardized 6 mm-diameter dentin cylinders were prepared from 30 extracted human molar teeth. Specimens were divided into two groups (n=15). Group 1 received a minimal volume (5 microl) of Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder and Group 2 received a surplus volume (10 microl) of Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder. Amalgam restorations were placed, and loaded at 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth using an Instron testing machine. RESULTS: Group 1: 14.71 (+/- 3.41) MPa, Group 2: 15.67 (+/- 3.72) MPa. A Student's t-test indicated no significant difference between the groups (P> 0.05).     

Marginal leakage of Gallium Alloy root-end fillings: an in-vitro assessment

The sealing ability of amalgam and Gallium Alloy Gallium Filling (GF) root-end fillings was evaluated in vitro using a highly uniform collection of sheep incisor roots. Following ultrasonic canal debridement and orthograde obturation with gutta-percha and sealer, root-end cavities were prepared in 100 roots and filled with amalgam (50 teeth) or Gallium Alloy GF (50 teeth). Twenty-five teeth from each group were subjected to immediate dye leakage assessment under vacuum conditions with methylene blue dye (2%), pH 7. Linear dye penetration was measured following longitudinal splitting. The other 25 teeth from each group were incubated in Ringer's solution for 12 weeks before leakage assessment by the same method. Control teeth were included in each component of the study. Mean linear dye penetration was: amalgam—5.17mm at baseline, 2.33mm after 12 week's incubation; Gallium Alloy GF—2.21mm at baseline, 1.41mm after 12 week's incubation. The apical marginal seal of both materials improved significantly following storage in Ringer's solution (P < 0.001). Gallium Alloy GF provided a better apical seal than amalgam, both at baseline and following storage (P < 0.001). Subjective evaluation of the general handling characteristics of Gallium Alloy GF revealed that it was a more difficult material to manipulate than amalgam, largely because of its wetting ability and consequent adhesion to dental instruments.     

复层粘结剂对银汞合金粘结效果的实验研究

目的 应用剪切力测试和扫描电镜观察，探讨复层粘结剂对银汞粘结力的影响。方法 选１８颗健康新鲜的恒磨牙牙冠部，中央制备直径３ｍｍ圆柱形洞，分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３组，Ａ组和Ｂ组的洞壁分别涂２层及１层Ｓｃｏｔｃｈ－ｂｏｎｄ ＭＰ Ｐｌｕｓ粘结剂后充填银汞合金，Ｃ组仅填入银汞合金。２周后经冷热循环，测定各组的剪切力。另取完整双尖牙５颗分为３组，做相应处理后用扫描电镜和图像分析仪观测微嵌合层和粘结剂厚度 结果 ３组