染料木素和17β-雌二醇对去卵巢大鼠松质骨微结构的作用

目的 观察染料木素和小剂量17β-雌二醇对去卵巢（OVX）大鼠松质骨微结构的作用。方法90只7月龄SD大鼠被随机分为基线组、OVX组、假手术（SHAM）组、小剂量17β-雌二醇干预组（10μg·kg^-1·d^-1，EST组）和染料木素干预组（5mg·kg^-1·d^-1，GEN组），分别在基线时、手术后3周和15周处死。分离左胫骨行显微CT扫描，分析距生长板远端1．6mm、层厚0．5mm骨组织的感兴趣区域松质骨结构。结果去卵巢后第3周，GEN组的组织骨密度和骨小梁厚度明显大于OVX组和EST组（均P〈0．05）；EST组的骨小梁数目显著多于GEN组（P〈0．05），骨小梁间隔则明显小于GEN组（P〈0．05）；OVX组、GEN组和EST组3组的体积骨密度和骨体积分数差异无统计学意义，但均明显小于SHAM组（均P〈0．05）。第15周时，OVX组、GEN组和EST组3组间的体积骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁数目和联接密度差异无统计学意义，但均小于SHAM组（均P〈0．05），结构模型指数和骨小梁间隔则大于SHAM组（均P〈0．05）。纵向观察发现，OVX组、GEN组和EST组3组的体积骨密度、骨体积分数、骨表面积分数和联接密度随时间出现下降，而组织骨密度、结构模型指数、骨小梁厚度和骨小梁间隔等参数随时间增加（均P〈0．05），其中OVX组和EST组组织骨密度和骨小梁厚度在第3周和第15周之间出现明显增长（均P〈0．05），GEN组组织骨密度增长主要发生在去卵巢后的第3周内，骨小梁厚度则在3周和15周均有增长（均P〈0．05）。SHAM组骨小梁厚度和骨小梁间隔亦随时间增加，骨表面积分数和联接密度则下降，其他参数随时间无明显变化。结论 染料木素能促进松质骨矿物质沉积和骨小梁增厚，17β-雌二醇则对抗雌激素缺乏引起的骨小梁数目减少和骨小梁间隔增大。     

大鼠去卵巢后不同时期骨微结构和力学性能的变化特征

目的揭示大鼠在去卵巢后不同时期腰椎松质骨微结构退变的变化特征,探讨骨整体力学性能下降的同时可能存在的各种适应性代偿性变化。方法50只7月龄SD大鼠随机分为基线、去卵巢组（OVX组）和假手术组（SHAM）。基线组10只,其余每组均20只。实验开始时先将基线组10只处死,OVX组和SHAM组分别在手术后3周、15周各处死10只,留取动脉血清及腰椎标本,骨微结构、力学和生化指标的测定。结果去卵巢后3周时OVX组表观骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度和骨小梁数量均较SHAM和基线降低（P〈0．05）,各向异性度较基线下降（P〈0．05）而与SHAM组无统计学差异。骨小梁面积密度、骨小梁间隔和结构模型指数均较SHAM和基线组增加（P〈0．05）。去卵巢后3周时OVX组最大应力、弹性模量、血清TRAP-5b和骨细胞密度均低于基线（P〈0．05）而与SHAM组无统计学差异。去卵巢后15周时OVX组表观骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁数量和联接密度、最大应力、TRAP-Sb和骨细胞密度均较SHAM和基线组降低（P〈0.05）,骨小梁结构模型指数、骨小梁间隔和各向异性度均较SHAM和基线组增加（P〈0．05）,骨小梁面积密度和厚度均与SHAM和基线组无统计学差异。结论大鼠去卵巢后腰椎骨量快速丢失,骨微结构逐渐退变,而血清TRAP-5b水平下降及骨细胞密度、骨小梁各向异性度和厚度的适应性增加,可能在一定程度上代偿骨力学性能的下降,有利于维持骨结构的完整性。     

去卵巢大鼠不同时期皮质骨与松质骨变化的显微CT观察

目的 应用显微CT观察去卵巢大鼠胫骨近端皮质骨与松质骨骨密度和骨微结构差异. 方法40只7月龄SD大鼠,随机分为去卵巢(OVX)组和假手术(SHAM)组,每组20只,于手术后第3周及第15周处死.处死后剥离左侧胫骨,行显微CT三维扫描,扫描完成后选取距生长板远端2.5 mm、层厚0.4 mm骨组织为皮质骨感兴趣区域,选取距生长板远端0.7 mm、层厚1.2 mm骨组织为松质骨感兴趣区域行三维重建.获取二维最大密度投射图像及三维结构图像,并对感兴趣区的皮质骨和松质骨进行定量分析. 结果 3周时,OVX和SHAM组大鼠皮质骨面积分别为(0.43±0.13)、(0.31±0.06)mm2;骨髓腔面积(10.31±1.98)、(8.44±1.25)mm2,截面总面积(10.74±2.05)、(8.75±1.26)mm2,截面惯性矩(4.10±0.73)、(3.49±0.37)mm4,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).第15周时,除OVX组皮质骨平均厚度低于SHAM组外(P＜0.05),其余各参数两组比较差异无统计学意义.15周OVX组大鼠左侧胫骨骨丢失敏感区域内皮质骨平均厚度和皮质骨面积较3周OVX组大鼠下降(P＜0.05).SHAM组15周大鼠骨内径周长、骨外径周长和截面惯性矩增大,与3周比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3周时,OVX和SHAM组体积骨密度分别为(288.2±48.2)mg/mm3和(408.4±51.6)mg/mm3、组织骨密度(604.5±45.3)mg/mm3和(686.7±40.0)mg/mm3、骨体积分数(25.1±5.1)%和(33.6±4.1)%、骨小梁数量(6.04±2.94)个/mm和(9.85±2.83)个/mm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),结构模型指数(分别为3.11±0.36)和2.58±0.36),小梁间隔为(0.37±0.22)mm和(0.14±0.10)mm,明显高于SHAM组(P＜0.05).第15周时,OVX组体积骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁数量、结构模型指数和骨小梁间隔改变与SHAM组比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),但组织骨密度差别消失.OVX组大鼠15周较3周组织骨密度增加、骨小梁厚度增厚、骨小梁数量减少和骨小梁间隔增宽(P＜0.05). 结论 大鼠去卵巢后,胫骨近端皮质骨与松质骨具有不同的骨量丢失方式和不同的微结构改变.早期松质骨骨密度明显下降,骨微结构发生退变;皮质骨厚度减少,其微结构改变则先于骨密度的下降,骨量在去卵巢后15周变化不大.     

骨细胞密度对骨生物力学性能的影响

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.     

骨细胞密度对骨生物力学性能的影响

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.     

骨细胞密度对骨生物力学性能的影响

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.     

骨细胞密度对骨生物力学性能的影响

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.     

骨细胞密度对骨生物力学性能的影响

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.     

骨细胞密度对骨生物力学性能的影响

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.     

骨细胞密度对骨生物力学性能的影响

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.     

旋转中心偏移对显微CT松质骨定量分析的影响

目的观察旋转中心微小偏移对显微CT测量参数的影响。方法20只7月龄sD大鼠随机分为去卵巢组（OVX）和假手术组（SHAM）。手术后3周处死,应用显微cT扫描胫骨近干骺端。手动校正以获取每次扫描的最佳旋转中心,分析各旋转中心在偏移±0．5、±1．0、±1．5和±2．0像素条件下的密度及微结构参数。结果一般线性模型分析结果显示OVX组与SHAM组比较,表观骨密度、组织骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁数量和联接密度明显下降,骨小梁间隔明显增宽（P〈0．05）。组织骨密度、各向异性度、骨小梁面积密度和联接密度随旋转中心的偏移下降,骨体积分数和骨小梁厚度随偏移幅度的加大逐渐升高。旋转中心偏移±1．5像素内,对组织骨密度、骨体积分数、各向异性度和联接密度的测量无影响。而骨小梁厚度和骨小梁面积密度在旋转中心偏移±1．0像素内影响较小。OVX组与SHAM组各参数随旋转中心偏移的变化趋势基本一致。各参数随旋转中心偏移服从二次回归方程趋势。通过二次回归方程拟合,可以获得实际旋转中心。以该中心获取的图像质量高,并能确保定量分析数据的准确。实际旋转中心与人为校正的最佳旋转中心之间存在微小差异。结论旋转中心的微小偏移对表观骨密度、结构模型指数、骨小梁间隔和数量的测量无明显影响。组织骨密度、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁面积密度、骨体积分数、各向异性度和联接密度受旋转中心偏移影响较大。通过二次曲线方程拟合能找到正确的旋转中心,该中心与人为校正获取的最佳旋转中心存在一定误差。     

老年人肠道菌群与肠道黏膜免疫相关性分析

目的 探讨老年人肠道菌群的特点及对粪便中肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)含量的影响. 方法 60岁以下健康成年人36例为对照组,60岁及以上老年人68例为老年组,分别取新鲜粪便,选择肠道菌群中7种具有代表性的细菌,包括4种厌氧菌、两种需氧和酵母样真菌,进行细菌培养和计数;计算出反映肠道定植抗力的指标双歧杆菌与肠杆菌比值(B/E).取新鲜粪便测定SIgA含量. 结果 老年组与对照组比较,肠道菌群中双歧杆菌数量减少,分别为(9.1±1.1)lgCFU/g和(10.2±0.8)lgCFU/g(t=-2.948,P<0.01);肠杆菌分别为(9.2±1.3)lgCFU/g和(8.2±0.7)lgCFU/g,差异有统计学意义(t=2.171,P<0.05);肠球菌分别为(8.5±1.4)lgCFU/g和(7.1±1.6)lgCFU/g,差异有统计学意义(t=2.564,P<0.05);肠道定植抗力分别为1.02±0.14和1.24±0.18,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.459,P<0.01),粪便中SIgA分别为(652.9±184.3)μg/ml和(793.5±150.3)μg/ml,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.178,P<0.05).双歧杆菌数量变化与粪便中SIgA水平相关(r=0.562,P<0.01). 结论 老年人肠道菌群中双歧杆菌数量减少,肠杆菌、肠球菌数量增加;老年人肠道定植抗力下降、肠黏膜免疫功能降低,与老年人肠道菌群改变相关.     

可卡因-苯丙胺调节转录肽对缺血-再灌注模型小鼠皮质突触可塑性的影响

目的观察可卡因-苯丙胺调节转录肽(CART)对缺血-再灌注(I/R)小鼠皮质突触可塑性的影响。方法选用10~12周龄的健康雄性清洁级昆明小鼠288只,按照随机数字表法完全随机分为I/R组(81只)、I/R+CART组(81只)和假手术组(63只)、假手术+CART组(63只)。建立大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)2h再灌注模型。I/R+CART组于再灌注前经尾静脉注射CART(0.5μg,200μl),假手术+CART组予以等剂量CART;每24小时重复给药1次。在实现再灌注后不同时间点(24h、72h和7d)采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑染色检测I/R组和I/R+CART组脑梗死体积;采用透射电镜观察各组不同时间点突触超微结构变化,并对突触形态学参数进行定量分析;采用Western Blot法观察再灌注72h皮质梗死周围区突触后致密物95(PSD-95)蛋白表达水平。结果(1)与假手术组比较,I/R组小鼠造模后24、72h和7d皮质切片中突触数量明显减少[3.37±0.38)个/μm~2比(7.04±0.55)个/μm~2,(2.89±0.22)个/μm~2比(6.89±0.04)个/μm~2,(3.25±0.18)个/μm~2比(6.78±0.42)个/μm~2;均P0.05],PSD密度明显下降[24.4±2.8)nm比(47.3±6.1)nm,(23.8±3.7)nm比(46.5±7.5)nm,(24.6±2.2)nm比(48.1±5.1)nm:均P0.05],突触间隙宽度增大[25.2±2.1)nm比(21.5±1.6)nm、(25.2±1.4)nm比(21.3±1.0)nm,(23.7±2.6)nm比(21.6±1.6)nm;均P0.05];再灌注后72h时间点PSD-95蛋白表达水平下降(P0.05);(2)与I/R组比较,I/R+CART组小鼠I/R后24、72h和7d脑梗死体积缩小[分别为(29.0±1.9)%比(36.3±1.4)%,(38.1±1.4)%比(47.6±2.7)%,(36.0±2.8)%比(42.5±2.0)%;均P0.05];再灌注后72h时间点突触数量[4.32±0.35)个/μm~2]明显增多(P0.05),PSD-95蛋白表达水平增加(P0.05);再灌注后24、72 h和7d各时间点PSD密度[分别为(33.8±3.4)、(34.2±4.6)、(38.2±4.0)nm]增厚(均P0.05);而各时间点突触间隙宽度差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论CART可缩小I/R小鼠脑梗死体积,改善缺血损伤后小鼠脑皮质神经细胞突触可塑性。     

罗格列酮对尿酸代谢的影响及机制探讨

目的 观察高水平胰岛素是否导致血尿酸浓度的升高,胰岛素增敏剂罗格列酮能否改善高尿酸血症,并进行机制探讨.方法 将自发2型糖尿病伴代谢综合征的OLETF大鼠及其同系的正常对照LETO大鼠各60只随机分为对照组、实验组和干预组,分别给予正常饮食、高嘌呤饮食加腺嘌呤灌胃及罗格列酮干预3周,测量各组大鼠体重、血尿酸、胰岛素、甘油三酯、总胆固醇等指标,检测肾皮质尿酸转运子(UAT)和尿酸盐转运子1(URAT1)mRNA表达.以不同浓度胰岛素孵育HK-2细胞24 h,检测其UAT mRNA表达.结果 (1)在正常饮食状态下,OLETF大鼠血胰岛素水平明显高于LETO大鼠(P<0.05),尿酸水平差异无统计学意义.(2)高嘌呤饮食喂养和腺嘌呤灌胃3周后,OLETF大鼠血胰岛素水平明显高于LETO大鼠[(61.83±12.13对36.73±12.73)μIU/ml,P<0.05],高尿酸血症的发病率(76.92%对36.13%,P<0.01)和血尿酸[(327.75±45.73对264.40±36.32)μmol/L,P<0.01]水平明显高于LETO大鼠.(3)与实验组OLETF大鼠相比,罗格列酮干预3周后胰岛素水平明显下降[(41.3±10.2对61.8±12.1)μIU/ml,P<0.05],血尿酸水平明显降低[(198.0±45.4对236.9±29.30)μmol/L,P<0.05],尿尿酸排泄量明显增加[(5 644±371对4 692±278)μmol/L,P<0.05].(4)实验组OLETF大鼠血胰岛素水平与对照组OLETF大鼠无明显差异,肾皮质URAT1和UAT mRNA表达差异亦无统计学意义,而罗格列酮干预后URAT1 mRNA表达明显降低,UAT mRNA表达明显增加.(5)随着培养液中胰岛素浓度的增加,HK-2细胞UATmRNA表达量逐渐减少.结论 胰岛素增敏剂罗格列酮可通过调节UAT和URAT1 mRNA的表达,降低高胰岛素血症诱发的高尿酸血症.     

良性前列腺增生与肥胖相关性研究

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)与肥胖或中心性肥胖的关系.方法 选择老年男性患者109例,分为BPH组(59例)和非BPH组(50例),检测血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及性激素、血脂等相关生化指标;测量身高、体质量、腰围等物理指标;经腹超声测量前列腺体积,并随访至少3次.结果 肥胖组BPH患病率(73.33%)及超体质量组BPH患病率(64.28%)均较正常组(26.67%)增高(x2分别为13.991,6.836,均P＜0.002),中心性肥胖组BPH患病率(71.19%)较非中心性肥胖组(36.00%)明显增高(x2=12.156,P＜0.001);BPH组腰围身高指数、腰围、体质量、体质指数、臀围[0.56±0.05、(93.6±8.8)cm、(72.6±9.7)kg、(25.7±3.4)kg/m2和(100.2±6.6)cm]明显高于非前列腺增生组[0.52±0.06、(87.0±10.1)cm、(64.5±9.3)kg、(23.1±2.9)kg/m2和(95.6±8.1)cm](t分别=-3.30,-3.65,-4.38,-4.17,-3.18,均P＜0.01);肥胖组前列腺总体积高于正常组[(40.8±23.5)ml与(20.1±6.1)ml,t=-2.82,P＜0.01),中心性肥胖组明显高于非中心性肥胖组[(42.8±25.6)ml与(26.9±11.2)ml],(t=-3.93,P＜0.001);中心性肥胖组雌二醇/总睾酮(E2/TT)比值、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)(9.06±4.36、2.81±2.80)高于非中心性肥胖组(7.38±3.11、1.55±0.76)(t分别=-2.02,-4.24,均P＜0.05),血清TT、性激素结合蛋白(SHBG)则低于非中心性肥胖组[(4.54±1.54)nmol/L对(5.20±1.54)nmol/L,(45.8±17.24)nmol/L对(59.6±26.09)nmol/L,均t分别=2.16,2.79,P＜0.05];Logistic逐步回归分析表明,腰围是影响前列腺体积的主要因素(x2=19.52,P=0.000);前列腺总体积的年增长率在肥胖组同样高于正常组[(7.14±8.09)ml与(1.49±5.14)ml,t=-2.19,P＜0.05],在中心性肥胖组明显高于非中心性肥胖组[(7.96±13.81)ml与(1.35±5.36)m1,t=-3.28,P＜0.01];中心性肥胖组的前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)低于非中心性肥胖组(0.048±0.036对0.090±0.093,t=2.02,P＜0.05);肥胖组的PSAD低于正常组(0.052±0.039与0.091±0.080,t=3.13,P＜0.01).结论 BPH的发生与肥胖,尤其是中心性肥胖密切相关,其机制可能与肥胖患者体内性激素失衡、生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子轴的紊乱有关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)and obesity. Methods The 109 elder men were divided into two groups: BPH group (n=59) and non-BPH group (n= 50). The blood samples were collected for the detections of prostate specific antigen (PSA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin,androgen, estrogen, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA).The anthropometric indexes including height, body weigh, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured and calculated. The total prostate volume (TPV) were measured by transabdominal ultrasonography three times at least. Results The morbidity rate of BPH was significantly higher in obesity group and over weight group than in health control group (73.33% and 64.28% vs. 26. 67%, x2 = 13. 991 and 6. 836, both P＜0. 002). So was in central obesity group versus in health control group (71.19% vs.36.00%, x2 =12. 156, P＜0. 001). The waist-height index, waist circumference, body weight, BMI and hip circumference were significantly higher in BPH group than in non-BPH group [(0. 56±0. 05)vs. (0.52±0.06), (93. 6±8.8) cm vs. (87.0± 10. 1) cm; (72.6±9.7) kg vs. (64.5±9.3) kg;(25.7±3.4) kg/m2 vs. (23.1±2.9) kg/m2; (100.2±6.6) cm vs. (95.6±8. 1) cm; t=-3.3, -3. 65, -4.38, -4. 17 and -3.18, respectively, all P＜0.01]. The TPV was higher in obesity groupthan in normal group [ (40.8± 23.5 ) ml vs. (20. 1 ± 6.1 ) ml, t = - 2.82, P＜ 0. 002] and obviously higher in central obesity group than in non-central obesity group [(42.8±25.6)ml vs. (26. 9±11.2)ml, t= -3. 93, P＜0. 001]. The ratio of E2/TT and HOMA-IR were higher in central obesity group [(9. 06±4.36) and (2.81 ±2. 80)] than in non-central obesity group [(7. 38±3. 11) and (1. 55±0.76), t= -2.02 and -4.24, both P＜0. 05]. Inversely, the TT and SHBG were lower in central obesity group than in non-central obesity group [(4.54 ± 1.54) nmol/L vs. (5.20 ± 1.54) nmol/L,(45.8± 17.24) nmol/L vs. (59.6 ± 26.09) nmol/L, t = 2.16 and 2.79, both P＜ 0. 05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that waist circumference was a major factor affecting TPV (x2= 19.52, P=0. 000). The annual growth rate of TPV was significantly higher in obesity group and central obesity group than in health control group [(7. 14±8. 09)ml vs. (1. 49±5.14)ml, (7. 96±13.81)mlvs. (1. 35±5.36)ml, t=-2.19 and -3.28, both P＜0. 05]; The PSAD was significantly lower in central obesity group than in health control group [(0. 048±0. 036) vs. (0. 090±0. 093), t=2.02, P＜0. 05], and lower in obesity group than in health control group [(0. 052 ±0. 039) vs. (0. 091 ±0. 080), t= 3. 13, P＜0. 01]. Conclusions The occurrence of BPH is closely related to obesity,especially central obesity. Its mechanism may be related to sex hormone imbalance and the GH/IGF-1 axis disorders in obese patients.     

不同浓度雌二醇对去卵巢小鼠T淋巴细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制

目的 研究不同浓度雌二醇(E2)对去卵巢小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡的影响并探讨其作用机制.方法 分离出小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞,分为10组,分别为青年组、假手术组、去卵巢对照组、去卵巢+E2(10-11mol/L)组、去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)组、去卵巢+E2(10-8mol/L)组、去卵巢+E2(10-6mol/L)组、去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)+雌激素受体拮抗剂IC1182 780(10-7mol/L)组、去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)+1-甲基-4-苯基-四氢吡啶(MPP,10-6mol/L)组、去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)+四氢化吡咯二硫代氨基甲酸酯(PDTC,10-6mol/L)组.流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡率,Westernblot方法检测各组细胞雌激素受体(ER)α、ERβ、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达及细胞核中P65蛋白水平.结果 去卵巢对照组细胞凋亡率为(19.4±2.5)%,高于青年组(14.6±2.4)%和假手术组(14.5±2.3)%,Bcl-2、核内P65蛋白水平分别为0.25±0.05、0.09±0.01,低于青年组(0.40±0.07、0.15±0.02)和假手术组(0.38±0.05、0.15±0.02),均P<0.01;去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)组凋亡率为(16.6±1.8)%,低于去卵巢对照组(P<0.05),Bel-2及核内P65蛋白水平高于去卵巢对照组(P<0.01),而去卵巢+E2(10-8mol/L,10-6mol/L)组凋亡率高于去卵巢对照组(分别为P<0.05、P<0.01).去卵巢对照组ERα、ERβ蛋白水平分别为0.23±0.01、0.22±0.03,低于青年组(0.27±0.02、0.29±0.04)和假手术组(0.28±0.03、0.29±0.02),去卵巢+E2(10-11mol/L、10-10mol/L、10-8mol/L)组ERα、ERβ蛋白水平均高于去卵巢对照组,而去卵巢+E2(10-mol/L)组(0.09±0.01、0.14±0.02)低于去卵巢对照组(均P<0.01).去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)+IC1182 780组及去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)+PDTC组凋亡率与去卵巢对照组差异无统计学意义,去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)+MPP组凋亡率与去卵巢+E2(10-10mol/L)组比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 去卵巢小鼠T淋巴细胞凋亡增多,E2对去卵巢小鼠T淋巴细胞的凋亡呈剂量依赖的双相调节作用,生理范围内可部分逆转去卵巢小鼠T淋巴细胞凋亡,而超过生理范围则增加其凋亡.生理剂量E2可能通过ERβ及核因子-kB途径抑制去卵巢小鼠的T淋巴细胞凋亡.     

冠心病支架内再狭窄患者血浆脂联素水平的观察

目的 观察冠心病患者支架置入术后再狭窄与血浆脂联素水平之间的关系.方法 对65例支架置入术后9～12个月无支架内再狭窄(A组)和54例存在支架内再狭窄≥50%(B组)的冠心病患者进行研究,复查冠状动脉造影当天取空腹12 h以上的股动脉血,采用ELISA法测定血浆脂联素水平;同时对支架置入前、置入术后即刻及9～12个月后的冠状动脉造影结果进行QCA评价.结果 A、B两组的靶血管病变部位及病变的复杂程度均相似,使用金属裸支架分别为8例(12.31%)和6例(11.11%);使用紫杉醇药物洗脱支架分别为11例(16.92%)和10例(18.52%);使用雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架分别为46例(70.77%)和38例(70.37%),术后用药两组之间无明显差异.A组脂联素水平明显高于B组[(15.16±5.02)mg/L比(10.01±4.93)ms/L,P<0.05];两组的病变长度相似[(15.82±6.67)mm比(13.40±4.20)mm,P>0.05];术前及术后即刻的最小管腔直径(MLD)、狭窄程度两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但9～12个月时的QCA显示:A组的MLD为(2.55±0.53)mm,平均狭窄程度为(24.21±11.23)%,B组的MLD为(0.57±0.60)mm,平均狭窄程度为(81.00±19.11)%,P<0.01;即刻获得的管腔直径两组间比较无统计学意义[(1.48±0.65)mm 比(1.19±0.37)mm,P>0.05];A组的晚期丢失明显小于B组[(0.50±0.34)mm比(1.60±0.54)mm,P<0.01].结论 血浆脂联素水平降低可能是支架术后再狭窄的原因之一.     

非对称性二甲基精氨酸和胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C与冠心病

目的 探讨冠状动脉疾病中血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)与胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C)之间的关系.方法 选取冠心病患者87例(其中急性心肌梗死39例,不稳定性心绞痛48例),健康对照组51例;同时,依据Cystatin C水平将冠心病患者分为Cystatin C升高组(51例)与无Cystatin C升高组(36例),采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中ADMA、对称性二甲基精氨酸(SDMA)、左旋精氨酸(L-Arg)的含量,采用德国BNProSpec全自动速率散色比浊仪测定血浆Cystatin C的含量.结果 冠心病患者血浆ADMA[(0.47±0.15)μmol/L比(0.37±0.15)μmol/L]、SDMA[(0.39±0.19)μmol/L比(0.28±0.12)μmol/L]和Cystatin C浓度[(1.16±0.32)mg/L比(0.73±0.16)mg/L]均高于正常对照组(P均<0.05),L-Arg浓度低于正常对照组[(59.4±19.4)μmol/L比(83.7±19.6)μmol/L,P<0.05];对冠心病组的亚组分析显示血浆ADMA、L-Arg和Cystatin C浓度在心肌梗死组较心绞痛组差异无统计学意义.在Cystatin C<1 mg/L的冠心病患者中血浆ADMA与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义;而在Cystatin C>1 mg/L的冠心病患者血浆ADMA高于正常对照组[(0.50±0.17)μmol/L比(0.39±0.15)μmol/L,P<0.05].结论 只有在血浆Cystatin C水平升高的冠心病患者血浆ADMA水平才明显升高,提示冠心病患者血浆ADMA水平的升高并不与冠心病直接相关,可能与冠心病患者伴随轻微肾损害有关.     

老年男性骨质疏松患者阿仑膦酸钠治疗中血清骨保护素水平的变化

目的 观察阿仑膦酸钠治疗3年后骨密度、血清骨保护素(OPG)、相关骨代谢指标及性激素等的变化,探讨阿仑膦酸钠对老年男性骨质疏松患者的治疗作用及其OPG问可能的作用机制.方法 随机选取老年男性骨质疏松患者(骨质疏松组)72例及年龄匹配的健康对照者60例(对照组),检测血清OPG浓度.所有骨质疏松患者接受阿仑膦酸钠治疗3年,比较治疗前、后骨密度、血清OPG、性激素、血钙磷、甲状旁腺素、骨钙素、尿Ⅰ型胶原氨基端交联肽(NTX)、尿钙、尿肌酐等的变化. 结果 骨质疏松组血清OPG(10.56±2.56)pmol/L、骨钙素(9.54±4.40)tLg/L、甲状旁腺素(70.39±35.58)ng/L、尿NTX(72.06士9.78)nmol/L,高于对照组的OPG(8.91±2.20)pmol/L、骨钙素(6.77±2.87)μg/L,甲状旁腺素(47.11±21.80)ng/L,尿NTX(63.36±14.61)nmol/L(均为P<0.05或P<0.01).阿仑膦酸钠治疗后,骨密度明显上升,血清OPG降至(8.23±2.96)pmol/L,骨钙素降至(6.18±2.27)btg/L,甲状旁腺素降至(40.46±14.43)ng/L,尿NTX降至(64.83±11.40)nmol/L(均为P<0.05或P<0.01).Spearman相关分析显示治疗前、后骨密度的改变与OPG的变化有关. 结论 骨质疏松患者血清OPG水平明品高于对照组,阿仑膦酸钠治疗后随骨密度改善OPG浓度下降.阿仑膦酸钠能提高老年男性骨密度,改善骨代谢指标.