羟乙基淀粉130/0.4急性高容量血液稀释对血液流变学和凝血的影响

目的：应用羟乙基淀粉130／0．4（商品名称万汶）溶液对实验犬行急性高容量血液稀释（AHHD）后观察血液流变特性和凝血指标的变化，为围术期AHHD方案的制定提供实验依据。方法：实验犬随机分为万汶组（A组）和林格氏液组（B组），各10只。麻醉后以60ml／kg，15ml／min分别输注，达到高容量血液稀释状态，并维持血循环指标在正常范围。检测稀释前（T1）、稀释后30min（T2）及稀释后60min（T3）血液流变学指标和凝血指标等。结果：①AHHD后两组全血黏度、Het均降低，A组的全血黏度明显低于B组（P〈0．05），A组的红细胞变形指数升高，红细胞聚集指数降低，而B组的红细胞聚集指数增高，且两组之间差异显著（P〈0．05）；②A组在AHHD后PT、APTT与T1相比有延长，但无显著性差异（P〉0.05），纤维蛋白原定量降低显著，并与B组差异明显（P〈0．05）。结论：使用万汶行一定程度AHHD对实验犬可以保持血液循环功能稳定，优化血液流变学状态，有利于微循环灌注，对凝血功能影响小。     

急性高容量血液稀释对机体纤溶活性的影响

目的　观察和比较应用羟乙基淀粉 (HES)或低分子右旋糖酐进行急性高容量血液稀释 (acutehypervolemichemodilution ,AHHD)后纤溶活性的变化 ,为临床血液替代治疗提供实验依据。方法　 6 0例择期脊柱手术病例随机分为 6 %羟乙基淀粉 (H组 )和低分子右旋糖酐 (D组 ) ,每组 30例。于手术前 ,以 0 .3ml/(kg .min)的速度分别输入HES或右旋糖酐 4 0进行AHHD ,比较两组患者手术中出血量、循环功能、围术期异体血输入量 ,并检测稀释前、稀释后 2、2 4小时全血Hct,t PA活性 ,D Dimer含量。结果　AHHD后 ,患者术中血液循环功能稳定 ,围术期输血量减少 ,Hct明显降低。H组血浆t PA活性略增高 ,D Dimer含量无明显变化 ;D组t PA活性升高 ,D Dimer含量降低。结论　AHHD可以有效地维持术中血液循环功能的稳定 ,提高患者对失血的耐受性 ,减少异体血输入量。     

6%羟乙基淀粉行急性超容血液稀释对血电解质及酸碱平衡的影响

目的探讨6%羟乙基淀粉溶液(HES,200/0.5)行急性超容血液稀释(AHHD)对机体血电解质及酸碱平衡的影响。方法选择20例20～40岁、ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期五官科手术插管全麻患者,以6%HES15ml/kg扩容行中度血液稀释。于AHHD前、AHHD后、手术结束时测定Hct、Hb、血电解质及酸碱平衡指标进行比较。结果AHHD后、手术结束时Hct、Hb较AHHD前显著降低,AHHD后Hct、Hb分别下降了23.1%和21.4%,达到中等程度血液稀释状态;AHHD后血K+浓度下降了13.65%,血Ca2+浓度也明显下降了39.80%,但均在正常范围内;AHHD前、后pH值及血Na+浓度变化差异均无统计学意义。结论6%HES溶液行AHHD能有效地使Hct及Hb下降至靶水平,同时维持了机体血电解质的稳定及酸碱平衡,是一种安全有效的AHHD方法。     

羟乙基淀粉进行体外血液稀释后的血液流变学改变

目的 体外实验研究应用羟乙基淀粉（Hydroxyethyl-Starch,HES)进行体外血液稀释对血液流变学的影响。方法 选择声带息肉病人40例,随机分为中分子羟乙基淀粉（HES）（20例）及林格氏液组（20例）,采集静脉血12ml,等量分装于4支肝素抗凝试管中,以6％HES及林格氏液进行体外血液稀释,致使 血球压积（％）降至30、25、20,上机测定各标本全血粘度、血浆粘度、Hct、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、纤维蛋白原等血液流变学指标。结果 HES组全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原稀释后较稀释前明显降低（P＜0．05）,红细胞变形指数、血浆粘度明显升高（P＜0．05）,并且与对照组比较相差显著（P＜0．05）。结论 6％HES可降低全血粘度、红细胞聚集率,提高 红细胞变形指数,可明显改善体外血血液流变学状态。     

急性等容血液稀释对血液流变学和微循环的影响

目的:探讨急性等容血液稀释(ANH)对兔血液流变学和微循环的影响。方法:16只雄性健康家兔随机分为对照组(A组)和血液稀释组(B组)。两组均常规输注乳酸林格氏液0.5ml.kg-1.min-1补充生理需要量。B组在麻醉诱导完成后30min内放血,同时等速、等量输注琥珀酰明胶,使Hct下降至30%左右。监测两组麻醉诱导后即刻(T0)、60min(T1)、90min(T2)的血液流变学及耳廓微循环血流量和肠系膜微动脉管径、微循环血流速度、血管数、功能血管数的变化。结果:B组血液稀释后于T1、T2血浆及全血粘度下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),微循环的血流量和血流速度增加(P<0.01),微动脉管径增大(P<0.05),功能血管数增加(P<0.05)。A组同期的血液流变学和微循环变化不大。结论:急性等容血液稀释可改善机体的血液流变性和微循环。     

急性高容量血液稀释联合自体血回输对全髋置换术患者血流动力学及凝血功能的影响

目的探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合自体血液回收对全髋置换术患者血流动力学和凝血功能的影响。方法 40例择期行全髋关节置换手术患者,ASA分级Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组20例。A组用6%羟乙基淀粉AHH联合术中自体血回输;B组单用术中自体血回输。两组均于术前(T1)、血液稀释后(T2)、术毕(T3)、术后24 h(T4)、术后3 d(T5)五个时点监测中心静脉压(CVP)、平均动脉血压(MAP)、心电图和尿量;检测活化部分凝血激酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(Hct)及血小板计数(PLT)。结果 A组T2、T3时与T1比较,CVP明显增高(P<0.05),但仍在正常范围;Hb、Hct显著降低(P<0.05),与A组比较,B组T4、T5时Hb、Hct明显降低(P<0.05);A组T2、T3、T4时与T1比较,PT延长(P<0.05),APTT无明显变化,FIB和PLT降低(P<0.05);与B组比较,A组T2、T3、T4时PT延长,T3、T4时FIB和PLT降低(P<0.05),并于3 d后逐渐恢复。结论用6%羟乙基淀粉行AHH,对全髋置换术患者的血流动力学无明显不良影响;但可引起CVP升高。AHH联合术中自体血回输可使PT延长,PLT、FIB稀释性降低,但仍在正常范围,APTT变化不大,不影响凝血功能。     

急性高容血液稀释对微循环的影响

目的 探讨急性高容血液稀释(AHH)对微循环的影响.方法 16只雄性健康家兔随机分为对照组(A组)和血液稀释组(B组).两组均常规输注乳酸林格氏液0.5ml·kg-1·min-1补充生理需要量.B组在麻醉诱导完成后30min内输注佳乐施行高容血液稀释,使Hct下降至30%左右.监测两组麻醉诱导后即刻(T0)、60min(T1)、90min(T2)的红细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白含量(Hb)及耳廓微循环血流量和肠系膜微循环微动脉管径、血流速度、血管数、功能血管数的变化.结果 B组血液稀释后于T1、T2的Hct及Hb下降(P＜0.01),微动脉管径增大(P＜0.05),功能血管数增加(P＜0.05),微循环的血流量、血流速度增加(P＜0.01).A组同期的Hct、Hb和微循环变化不大.结论 急性高容血液稀释可显著改善微循环.     

急性高容量血液稀释对骨科手术患者回输自体血红细胞功能的影响

目的观察急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对骨科手术患者回输自体血红细胞功能的影响。方法 40例择期行骨科手术患者,ASA分级Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法均分为两组,每组20例。A组用6%羟乙基淀粉行急性高容量血液稀释联合术中自体血回输;B组单用术中自体血回输。两组术中均应用血细胞回输仪进行血液收集、回输,分别记录两组患者麻醉前(T1)、手术开始(T2)、输血前(T3)、术毕(T4)四个时点MAP、CVP、HR、Hb及Hct变化;记录患者术中回收血量、异体浓缩红细胞量及血浆用量;监测回输自体血红细胞变形能力(IF)及红细胞2,3二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-2DPG)含量。结果手术过程中A组输注异体浓缩红细胞量及血浆用量明显少于B组(P<0.05);A组行AHH后Hb、Hct较麻醉前明显下降(P<0.05),与B组比较也明显降低(P<0.05);两组患者四个时点MAP、CVP、HR比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);A组血细胞回输仪所收集回输红细胞IF值较B组明显降低(P<0.05),而2,3-2DPG较B组明显增高(P<0.05)。结论术前采用急性高容量血液稀释能有效维持循环,增加回输血红细胞变形能力和氧释放,从而改善组织血流灌注,增加组织氧供。     

急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压用于全髋关节置换术患者的临床观察

目的观察急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合控制性降压(CH)用于全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果。方法择期全麻下行单侧全髋关节置换术患者60例。将60例患者随机分为3组:对照组(C组)、急性高容量血液稀释组(AHH组)和急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压组(AC组),每组20例。AHH组和AC组于麻醉诱导前90 min静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4,速率为20 ml/(kg·h),扩容量20 ml/kg;C组输注乳酸钠林格氏液6~8 ml/(kg·h)。AC组在手术开始后静脉输注硝酸甘油行控制性降压,速率为0.5~5μg(kg·min),维持MAP(65±5)mmHg,术毕前约30 min停止控制性降压,调整血压至降压前水平。术中持续监测血流动力学参数,记录患者术中出血量、尿量及异体输血情况;分别于AHH前(T_0)、AHH后15 min(T_1)、60 min(T_2)和术毕(T_3)时,经桡动脉和颈内静脉球部采集血样行血气分析,计算动脉-颈内静脉血氧含量差(DajvO_2)和脑氧摄取率(CERO_2),并测定血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(Hct)、凝血酶原时间(PT)及部分活化凝血活酶时间(AFFT)。结果与C组比较,AHH组术中尿量增多屏体输血率及异体输血量减少(P<0.05),术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);AC组术中尿量增多,出血量、异体输血率及异体输血量均减少(P<0.05)。与T_0时和C组比较,AHH组和AC组T_1~T_3时,Da-jvO_2、CERO_2、Hb及Hct均降低,PT及APTT延长(P<0.05);与AHH组比较,AC组T_1~T_3时Da-jvO_2及CERO_2降低(P<0.05),Hb、Hct、PT及APTT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术前应用6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4行急性高容量血液稀释联合硝酸甘油控制性降压对患者围术期脑氧代谢无不良影响,且可减少患者术中失血量及异体血输注量,与单纯急性高容量血液稀释比较更有优势,可安全用于全髋关节置换术。     

术中应用6%羟乙基淀粉(200/0.5)氯化钠注射液对患者血液循环的影响

 目的观察6%羟乙基淀粉(200/0.5)氯化钠注射液用于术中扩充血容量的临床效果.方法144例择期手术患者,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为试验组(6%羟乙基淀粉)和对照组(HES)各72例.容量治疗后观察两组血流动力学、血液流变学的变化.结果组间术中血流动力学、血液流变学指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论6%羟乙基淀粉(200/0.5)氯化钠注射液用于临床扩容及血液稀释是有效的.     

Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients

Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of. During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet persons.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma

Background

The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess long-term outcome and prognostic factors of unselected patients treated for glioblastoma (GB) at a single center with surgery, standard radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ). From 1999?C2005, the institutional protocol included surgery and RT with TMZ. From 2005 on, adjuvant TMZ was routinely added.

Patients and Methods

Between April 1999 and September 2009, 181 patients with GB were treated with RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and concomitant TMZ (75 mg/m²/day throughout RT). Biopsy only had been performed in 53 patients (29.3%), 128 patients (70.7%) had undergone resection, which was complete based on postoperative MRI in 51 patients (28.2%). Adjuvant TMZ was applied in 67 of 181 patients (37%).

Results

Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 (95% CI, 13.1?C16.8) and 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.9?C8.5), respectively. After complete resection, partial/subtotal resection and biopsy, median OS was 23.20, 14.75, and 7.89 months (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, extent of resection (p < 0.0001), Karnofsky??s performance score (p < 0.0001) and adjuvant TMZ (p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS. RT with concomitant TMZ was well tolerated in the majority of patients and could be completed as scheduled in 146 patients (80.7%), while 11 patients (6.1%) discontinued RT. Another 35 patients (19.3%) interrupted concomitant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

RT with concomitant TMZ is a feasible regimen with acceptable toxicity in routine practice. Our data are compatible with a beneficial effect of adjuvant TMZ on OS and PFS.     

MEBO药纱门诊治疗烧(烫)伤71例的体会

作者报道用MEBO药纱敷盖门诊治疗烧（烫）伤71例，均获治愈。经随访1年，深Ⅱ度创面疤痕发生率为15％（3／20），浅Ⅲ度创面疤痕发生率为38．9％（7／18）。     

Bronchogenic carcinoma: staging with MR compared with staging with CT and surgery

Thirty-three patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma were studied prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR). In this group, 30 underwent examination with computed tomography (CT), 15 underwent thoracotomy, six had mediastinal biopsy procedures performed, and eight underwent bronchoscopy. MR studies, which included transaxial spin-echo imaging (TR, 0.5 and 2.0 sec; TE, 28 and 56 msec) of all patients and sagittal or coronal imaging of 18, were performed without knowledge of CT findings, using only plain radiographs as a guide. CT and MR studies were interpreted separately. CT and MR provided comparable information regarding the presence and size of mediastinal lymph nodes. MR better discriminated mediastinal nodes from vascular structures. However, in two of 11 patients who had multiple mediastinal lymph nodes that were normal in size at CT examination and surgery, MR suggested a confluent abnormal mass, probably because of its poorer spatial resolution. MR was superior to CT in showing enlarged hilar lymph nodes, but CT was better for demonstrating bronchial abnormalities. In three of four patients who had a proved hilar mass with distal obstructive pneumonia, MR (TR, 2.0 sec) helped distinguish between the mass and collapsed lung.     

多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡81例临床观察

1995年 1月～ 1 998年 2月 ,我们采用多虑平、雷尼替丁治疗消化性溃疡 (ＰＵ) ,并与雷尼替丁为对照组进行治疗观察 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 81例ＰＵ均因上腹痛、返酸、腹胀及食欲不振等症状 ,经胃镜诊断为溃疡活动期患者。病程 2个月～ 5ａ,平均 1 7ａ。伴有焦虑、抑郁及夜眠欠佳等症者59例。随机分为 2组 :治疗组 4 1例 ,男 3 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 8～ 3 6岁 ,平均 2 4岁。其中胃溃疡 1 1例 ,十二指肠球部溃疡 3 0例。对照组 4 0例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 1 9～ 3 5岁 ,平均 2 4 5岁 ;胃溃疡 1 2…     

Tumor Burden Assessment with Positron Emission Tomography with

Objective: In patients with advanced cancer, total tumor burden affects the likelihood of tumor response and has important implications for prognosis. The aim of this study was to select the optimum 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) tumor uptake parameter to accurately measure tumor burden in advanced metastatic renal cell cancer, in comparison with volumes measured with computed tomography (CT), as a reference test.Materials and Methods: Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma measurable on CT were studied. CT and FDG PET scans were carried out on all patients within 4 weeks prior to their entry into a phase I-II radioimmunotherapy trial. CT-based evaluation of disease extent (tumor volume) and 4 PET-based measurements (standardized uptake value[SUVmax], SUVav, volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were performed independently by a radiologist (VN) and a nuclear medicine physician (TA). The degree of correlation between conventional (CT) extent of disease and parameters describing tumor concentration of FDG was then determined.Results: Fifty-seven CT-measurable metastatic lesions in lung, abdomen, and scalp were evaluated in 6 patients. There was a high correlation between CT and FDG PET volume estimates for lesions greater than 5 cm(3) in size. However, a PET-derived parameter that embodies both FDG uptake and lesion size, the TLG, correlated better with CT-derived tumor volume than did FDG PET volume alone.Conclusion: Using CT volume as a gold standard, the optimal PET-based estimate of total tumor burden in patients with metastatic renal cancer is the sum over all lesions of the total lesion glycolysis.     

臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例

2006年10月至2007年4月,我科采用引进的德国赫尔曼Medozon型臭氧发生装置系统产生的臭氧治疗船员下肢损伤89例,疗效满意.现报告如下.