CIK细胞过继性免疫治疗对结直肠癌化疗患者免疫指标的影响

目的 探讨 CIK 细胞回输对化疗后结直肠癌患者免疫功能的影响.方法 检测化疗联合 CIK 细胞回输后结直肠癌患者的外周血 CD3+细胞百分率,CD4+细胞百分率,CD4+/CD8+比值,NK 细胞百分率.结果 化疗联合 CIK 细胞回输后肿瘤患者CD3'、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK 均显著高于化疗前组,且 CD8+显著低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 FOLFOX 方案化疗后序贯应用 CIK 细胞过继性免疫治疗,可提高结直肠癌患者的免疫功能,有可能降低术后复发和转移.     

康艾注射液联合FOLFOX化疗方案治疗结直肠癌的临床研究

目的 探究康艾注射液与FOLFOX化疗方案联合治疗结直肠癌的疗效、不良反应以及对肿瘤标志物和免疫细胞的影响.方法 回顾性分析手术后行FOLFOX化疗方案治疗的100例结直肠癌患者,根据治疗方案不同将患者分为化疗组(接受FOLFOX化疗方案治疗)与联合组(接受康艾注射液联合FOLFOX化疗方案治疗),每组各50例.观察两组患者治疗后的临床治疗效果及不良反应发生情况,同时检测两组患者治疗前后肿瘤标志物和免疫细胞变化情况.结果 联合组患者的总缓解率明显高于化疗组(P﹤0.01);治疗后,两组患者的癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA19-9、CA242和CA724水平均较本组治疗前降低(P﹤0.05),免疫细胞CD3+、CD4+和CD4+/CD8+水平均较本组治疗前升高(P﹤0.05);治疗后,联合组患者的CEA、CA19-9、CA242和CA724水平均低于化疗组(P﹤0.05),免疫细胞CD3+、CD4+和CD4+/CD8+水平均高于化疗组(P﹤0.05).结论 康艾注射液与FOLFOX化疗方案联合治疗提高了结直肠癌患者的临床治疗效果和免疫功能,同时降低了患者的肿瘤标志物水平和不良反应发生率.     

结直肠癌术后化疗联合DC-CIK细胞治疗的效果评价

目的 探讨结直肠癌术后化疗联合DC-CIK细胞治疗的临床价值.方法 选择无锡市第三人民医院收治的结直肠癌84例患者,随机分为观察组和对照组.对照组采取单纯化疗方案治疗,观察组在化疗的基础上联合使用DC-CIK细胞治疗方案,观察两组的临床治疗效果.结果 观察组治疗后外周血CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3-CD56+与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).观察组患者临床治疗有效率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).观察组患者生活质量评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).观察组患者不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 化疗联合DC-CIK细胞治疗可以明显改善结直肠癌术后患者的免疫功能,提高总体疗效,改善患者的生活质量,降低化疗不良反应的发生.     

清热散结方对非小细胞肺癌化疗患者免疫功能的影响研究

目的 探讨清热散结方对非小细胞肺癌化疗患者免疫功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析98例非小细胞肺癌化疗患者的临床资料,按患者是否采用清热散结方进行治疗将其分为观察组(清热散结方治疗联合化疗)和对照组(单纯化疗),每组49例.统计和分析两组患者临床疗效、不良反应发生情况及外周血中T细胞亚群水平:CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值及CD4+CD25+调节性T淋巴细胞比例变化.结果 治疗后,观察组与对照组的有效率和疾病控制率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).治疗后,观察组骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应的发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);脱发、周围神经毒性、肾功能损害的发生率均低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).治疗后,观察组外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);观察组CD8+水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);观察组CD4+/CD25+水平低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 清热散结方对减轻非小细胞肺癌化疗患者骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应有积极作用,且对改善机体免疫功能有促进作用.     

FOLFOX6方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的疗效与安全性分析

目的 探讨FOLFOX6方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的疗效与安全性.方法 根据化疗方案将140例晚期结直肠癌患者分为观察组与对照组.观察组74例,采用FOLFOX6方案治疗;对照组66例,采用FOLFOX4方案治疗.2个化疗周期后进行疗效以及不良反应评价.结果 2组近期有效率相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组临床获益率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).2组患者中性粒细胞减少、恶心呕吐、神经毒性、肝功能受损、血小板减少、腹泻等不良反应分级相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 FOLFOX6方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的疗效确切,且不良反应可控.     

复方苦参注射液对胃癌术后辅助化疗患者免疫功能的影响

 目的 探讨复方苦参注射液对胃癌术后化疗患者免疫功能的保护作用。方法 将80例胃癌术后患者随机分成2组。对照组按相应化疗方案处理；观察组在相应化疗的基础上，加用复方苦参注射液40 ml／d治疗，共10 d。采用流式细胞仪测定治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞活性。结果 对照组治疗后外周血CD+3，CD+4，CD+4／CD+8比值和NK细胞活性明显低于治疗前（P＜0.01）；CD+8显著升高（P＜0.05）。观察组治疗前后各项指标变化不明显（P＞0.05）。结论 复方苦参注射液能较好地保护胃癌术后化疗患者的免疫功能。     

复方苦参注射液对晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗的增强作用

目的 探讨复方苦参注射液在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)化疗中的作用.方法 经病理学或细胞学检查确诊的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期NSCLC患者随机分为试验组与对照组.试验组144例,采用复方苦参注射液联合长春瑞滨+卡铂方案化疗;对照组142例,单纯采用长春瑞滨+卡铂方案化.每3周为1个周期,化疗4个周期.每2个周期评价疗效,监测治疗前后患者外周血血红蛋白(HB)、白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)、T细胞亚群及血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)含量变化.结果 试验组和对照组的有效率分别为48.6%和45.1%(P＞0.05),疾病进展(PD)率分别是6.9%和15.5%(P＜0.05).试验组胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制较对照组减轻,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).试验组治疗前后CD8+分别为(26.71±5.41)%和(17.80±4.29)%,CD4+/CD8+分别为1.58±0.24和2.04±0.13;而对照组治疗前后CD8+分别为(33.16±4.36)%和(35.84±5.22)%,CD4+/CD8+分别为1.13±0.12和1.11±0.21,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).且试验组化疗后KPS评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).化疗后试验组血清IgM含量为(1.43±0.29)g/L,IgG含量为(18.96±4.75)g/L,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 复方苦参注射液联合长春瑞滨+卡铂方案治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期NSCLC疗效较好,患者不良反应轻,具有提高机体的免疫功能和改善患者的生活质量的作用.     

小牛脾提取物注射液联合多西他赛加卡培他滨方案治疗晚期乳腺癌临床观察

目的 观察小牛脾提取物注射液联合多西他赛加卡培他滨方案治疗晚期乳腺癌的疗效、不良反应及对机体免疫功能的影响。方法 将经病理确诊的晚期乳腺癌106例随机分为两组,每组53例,治疗组采用多西他赛联合卡培他滨方案化疗的基础上加用小牛脾提取物注射液静脉滴注。对照组采用多西他赛联合卡培他滨方案化疗。完成2周期以上评估疗效。结果 治疗组治疗后的临床获益率、外周血白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板降低程度明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组治疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞百分率均较治疗前及对照组升高（P＜0.05;P＜0.01）。对照组患者化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK 细胞百分率均显著性低于化疗前（P＜0.05）。结论 小牛脾提取物注射液可降低化疗药物的毒性、减轻化疗后骨髓抑制、提高机体的免疫功能和改善生活质量。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗对结直肠癌肝转移患者T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞的影响

目的:探讨高强度聚焦超声治疗(HIFU)对结直肠癌肝转移患者免疫功能的影响.方法:32例结直肠癌肝转移患者52个病灶经HIFU治疗,治疗前和治疗后4周分别抽取外周血,流式细胞仪检测 NK细胞(CD16+、CD56+)、CD4+、CD8+T细胞百分数和CD4+/CD8+值 .结果:经HIFU治疗后,结直肠癌肝转移患者的NK细胞百分数升高(P＜0.05 ),CD4+T细胞百分数和CD4+/CD8+比值升高(P＜0.01 ),CD8+T细胞百分数则下降(P＜ 0.01 ).随访观察32例病人52个病灶中,35个病灶肿瘤体积缩小50%,17个病灶肿瘤体积保持稳定.结论:高强度聚焦超声治疗可以改善结直肠癌肝转移患者的细胞免疫功能.     

宫颈癌患者新辅助化疗与放疗前后外周血T细胞亚群变化的研究

目的 探讨宫颈癌患者新辅助化疗与放疗前后外周血T细胞亚群变化.方法 采用流式细胞仪技术,检测外周血中T细胞亚群、NK细胞含量,并与对照组比较.结果 宫颈癌治疗前CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/ CD8+的含量均较对照组低,无显著性差异(P＞0.05);NK值较对照组高,有显著性差异( P＜0.05);不同分期间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/ CD8+的含量和NK值均逐渐降低,与治疗前比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);放疗后CD3+含量、NK值继续下降,CD4+、CD8+含量和CD4+/ CD8+比值略有升高,与治疗前比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);而化疗后和放疗后外周血中T细胞亚群、NK细胞含量比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 新辅助化疗与放射治疗会降低宿主机体免疫功能,提示化疗和放疗期间应及时辅以免疫治疗,以增强机体的免疫功能.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.