Modified needle drainage. A safe and efficient technique of subretinal fluid drainage in scleral buckling procedure

PURPOSE: To compare modified needle drainage (MND) with conventional drainage (CD) of subretinal fluid (SRF) as described by Schepens in surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: Prospective randomised clinical trial of 80 patients undergoing scleral buckling with subretinal fluid drainage for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In 40 patients modified needle drainage of subretinal fluid (SRF) was done using a perpendicular trans-scleral entry with a 26-gauge needle and the appearance of SRF in the hub of needle as end point. In 40 patients conventional drainage was done as described by Schepens using a diathermy needle. Adequacy of SRF drainage, intraoperative complications, anatomical and functional outcome were noted. RESULTS: 100% adequate drainage was achieved in all cases. The complication rate was 32.5% (n=13) in the CD group and 15% (n=6) in the MND group. In the CD group, 17.5% (n=7) patients had subretinal haemorrhage and in 2 eyes it was clinically significant. In the MND group 15% (n=6) of cases had subretinal haemorrhage and in one patient it was clinically significant. In the CD group, more serious SRF drainage complications were observed; these were absent in the MND group. CONCLUSION: Modified needle drainage is a safe and effective procedure for SRF drainage. In comparison with CD, MND is technically easy, less cumbersome and requires no special equipment.     

Prospective, randomised, controlled trial comparing suture needle drainage and argon laser drainage of subretinal fluid.

AIMS--This study was designed to compare suture needle drainage (SND) with argon laser drainage (ALD) of subretinal fluid. METHODS--A prospective, randomised, controlled, clinical trial was carried out on 93 patients undergoing external drainage of subretinal fluid during scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The incidence of successful drainage, incidence of subretinal haemorrhage, incidence of retinal incarceration, and incidence of retinal perforation were determined. RESULTS--The success rate was 97.9% in the ALD group and 84.8% in the SND group (difference-13.1%, 95% CI-26.4% to 2.0%). The incidence of clinically significant subretinal haemorrhage was 4.3% in the ALD group compared with 28.3% in the SND group (difference 24.0%, 95% CI 7.6% to 40.4%). The incidence of incarceration was comparable in each group. There were no cases of retinal perforation. CONCLUSIONS--The use of ALD was associated with a higher rate of successful SRF drainage, and a lower incidence of clinically significant subretinal haemorrhage than SND. ALD is preferred when an endolaser is available.     

Demarcation laser therapy in the management of macular-sparing persistent subretinal fluid after scleral buckling procedures

Background Persistent or recurrent macular-sparing subretinal fluid (SRF) can sometimes occur following scleral buckling procedures. Observation and reoperation have been used in the management of such cases. Demarcation laser therapy (DLT) has been used to treat macular-sparing retinal detachments in the context of cytomegalovirus retinitis and as primary treatment for selected rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. There are, however, scarce data in the literature regarding its use following primary scleral buckling procedures. The current study explores the use of DLT under the latter circumstances.Methods The medical records of all consecutive patients with persistent SRF sparing the macula following primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair using a scleral buckling procedure were retrospectively reviewed. Only those patients in whom the breaks were localised to the area of indentation and, thus, seemed to be well supported by the buckle were included. Demographics, clinical characteristics of the retinal detachment prior to scleral buckling, extension of the residual SRF observed postoperatively, details of the laser procedure, anatomical and functional outcomes and complications were evaluated.Results Seven patients, all females, with a mean age of 47.9 years (range: 20–81) were included in the study. The retinal detachments were superior (n=3), inferior (n=3) and subtotal, affecting both superior and inferior retina (n=1). Scleral buckling procedures were used to treat the retinal detachments in all cases. Following demarcation laser therapy, the area of SRF remained stable in two patients, and flattened in four. In one patient, extension of SRF occurred requiring further surgery.Conclusions Demarcation laser therapy appears to be a reasonable option in the management of patients with persistent or recurrent SRF sparing the macula following scleral buckling surgery.The authors do not have any proprietary interests in the products or methods utilised in this study     

External argon laser drainage of subretinal fluid using the endolaser probe

The results of 200 consecutive scleral buckling procedures in which the argon endolaser probe was used to create a choroidotomy for drainage of subretinal fluid are reported. This technique was used in any case requiring drainage and was specifically employed in cases in which needle drainage was contraindicated because the detachment was shallow. The argon laser was set at 0.2 seconds, 1.25 watts, and was used with the endolaser probe held adjacent to, but not touching, the choroid. Drainage was successfully accomplished in 98% of cases. Rates of subretinal hemorrhage, retinal incarceration, and perforation related to laser drainage were 5.5%, 2.5%, and 1%, respectively. No large or submacular subretinal hemorrhages occurred. This technique appears to be particularly promising for drainage of shallow retinal detachments.     

Comparison of scleral buckling with combined scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with unseen retinal breaks

Background: The purpose of the present paper was to compare the techniques of conventional scleral buckling and combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling procedures in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with unseen retinal breaks. Methods: Forty‐four consecutive eyes with uncomplicated, primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with a clear media and unseen retinal breaks were randomized to two groups. The scleral buckling group underwent 360° scleral buckling, cryopexy and external subretinal fluid drainage. In the combined surgery group, 360° scleral buckling, pars plana vitrectomy, air?fluid exchange, endolaser and injection of 14% perfluoropropane gas was done. Results: At 3 months follow up the primary reattachment rate was 80% (16/20 cases) in the combined surgery group, and 70% (14/20 cases) in the scleral buckling group (P = 0.716). The visual acuity improved significantly from a preoperative median of hand movement (HM; range: HM to 6/60; similar in both the groups), to a median of 6/60 (range: perception of light to 6/18) in the combined surgery group and a median of 6/36 (range: HM to 6/18) in the scleral buckling group, the difference between the two groups not being statistically significant (P = 0.4). The number of intraoperative and postoperative complications was more in the combined surgery group. (four cases were lost to follow up and were doing well when last examined.) Conclusion: Conventional scleral buckling was found to be a safe and effective technique in the primary management of uncomplicated, rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with unseen retinal breaks when the media is clear.     

未找到明确裂孔的原发性视网膜脱离的术式选择

目的探讨孔源性视网膜脱离术前找不到裂孔如何选择手术方式。方法回顾分析2001年1月～2004年3月我院收治的屈光间质较透明,瞳孔能散大、PVRC3级以下的原发性视网膜脱离患者,选择巩膜扣带术及玻璃体视网膜手术的术前术后视力及视网膜复位情况。结果54例54眼中,33例行巩膜扣带术,第一次手术解剖复位率有84.8%(29/33眼),21例行玻璃体视网膜手术,第一次手术解剖复位率有90.5%(19/21只眼),两组第一次手术解剖复位率在统计学上无显著性差异(p=0.437)。在巩膜扣带术组和玻璃体视网膜手术组两组术前术后矫正视力无显著性差异(p=0.392)。术后随访(3～27)月,平均8.5月,巩膜扣带术组并发症明显少于玻璃体视网膜手术组。结论对未找到明确裂孔的孔源性视网膜脱离患者,尽可能用损伤最小、操作简单的巩膜扣带术来获得最大成功机会。     

巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离

目的探讨巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法对41例（46眼）巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离的临床资料,及其临床特征、手术方式、手术并发症及手术效果等进行回顾性分析。结果30眼采用巩膜环扎外加压术,12眼采用巩膜环扎术,4眼采用巩膜外加压术治疗;术中36眼放液,10眼未放液治疗。一次手术成功39眼（84.78%）。术中是否选择放液对一次成功的视网膜复位率无明显影响。最终随访44眼视网膜复位,治愈率达到95.65%。术后35眼（76.09%）视力较术前提高。结论巩膜环扎,外加压术联合术中放液或不放液是治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的:观察巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的效果。方法:孔源性视网膜脱离患者94例96眼,术中直视下定位、冷凝视网膜裂孔。91眼行巩膜表面节段性外加压,其中37眼联合环扎术,另5眼单纯行环扎术。67眼进行了视网膜下液引流术,19眼在手术结束时行玻璃体腔气体充填。结果:90眼单次手术视网膜解剖复位,首次手术复位率94%,4眼再次手术后复位,手术最终解剖复位率98%。术中及术后无严重并发症发生。结论:巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离安全有效。     

巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的:观察巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的效果。方法:孔源性视网膜脱离患者192例195眼,术中直视下定位、冷凝视网膜裂孔。131眼行巩膜表面节段性外加压,其中37眼联合环扎术;另64眼单纯行环扎术。145眼进行了视网膜下液引流术;16眼在手术结束时行玻璃体腔气体充填。结果:单次手术视网膜解剖复位185眼,首次手术复位率94.9%。术后视力较术前显著提高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术中及术后无严重并发症发生。结论:巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离安全有效。     

巩膜外垫压术处置视网膜激光光凝术治疗局限性孔源性视网膜脱离效果不佳病例的临床观察

目的 观察巩膜外垫压术对激光光凝效果不佳局限性孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD）患者的临床疗效。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2017年1月至2021年1月空军军医大学西京医院眼科就诊的既往视网膜激光光凝术治疗局限性RRD效果不佳患者19例（19眼）。方法所有患者均行巩膜外垫压术治疗,术后补充视网膜激光光凝。随访6个月～2年,观察治疗效果。主要指标术后视网膜复位情况、视力及并发症情况。结果19眼中,垫压术后视网膜完全复位17眼（89.5%）;2眼（10.5%）垫压嵴明确,但嵴上局部视网膜下存在积液,2周内视网膜下液完全吸收。2个月后2眼增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生致视网膜脱离复发,均为首次激光后1周内行垫压术并术后2次补充激光光凝患者,行玻璃体切割硅油填充术后复位,后硅油取出稳定。末次随访时,视网膜复位19眼（100%）,其中经一次巩膜外垫压稳定17眼（89.5%）。17眼（89.5%）视力无明显变化;2眼（10.5%）视力下降。结论巩膜外垫压术处置视网膜激光光凝术治疗局限性RRD效果不佳患者远期疗效肯定。局限性RRD不恰当使用激光光凝非但无效,还会有一些负面影响,视网膜激光光凝斑密集、重复激光、...     

Lincoff temporary balloon buckle in retinal detachment surgery

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term anatomical and functional results of balloon buckle surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five selected detachments with a single break or a group of breaks close together were treated with a temporary parabulbar balloon. Adhesion was obtained with transconjunctival cryopexy and argon laser photocoagulation. Retinal detachment was associated with the following risk factors: myopia (15 eyes), aphakia (2 eyes), blunt trauma (1 eye). Twenty-three eyes had a detached macula. The balloon was withdrawn after one week. The patients were kept under observation for at least six months (mean 44.7 months). RESULTS: Initial retinal attachment was achieved in 29 eyes. After the balloon was removed redetachment occurred in two eyes; thus, complete attachment was attained in 27 eyes. Causes of failure were: undetected break (2 eyes), inadequate buckle (4 eyes), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2 eyes). Conventional scleral buckling and subretinal fluid drainage was done in all failed cases. Vitrectomy and silicone oil were employed in one patient, and finally retinal attachment was achieved in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary balloon buckling is a simple and curative technique for a selected group of patients with retinal detachments.     

脉络膜脱离孔源性视网膜脱离术中不放液观察

目的 观察视网膜裂孔冷凝，巩膜环扎外加压手术不放液治疗脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 对28眼脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离进行裂孔冷凝，巩膜环扎，外加压，术中不引流视网膜下液，对其治疗结果进行分析。结果 28眼中一次成功25眼，视网膜下液在1～2天吸收为13眼，3天～1周内吸收为12眼，术后均有不同程度的视力提高。结论 在成功封闭裂孔后，脉脱型孔源性视网膜脱离视网膜下液可自行吸收，手术成功率高，可有效减少放液所带来的并发症。     

不放液的节段性外垫压术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术的疗效比较

目的探讨不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的疗效,并对两种术式疗效进行比较。方法回顾分析181例(184只眼)增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)C2级以下改变的RRD行不放液的节段性外垫压手术与巩膜环扎加压、引流视网膜下液手术的临床资料。全部患者均为我院首诊病例,按手术中是否放液分为放液组和不放液组,分别分析各组PVR级别与视网膜解剖复位率的关系,并对二组的手术并发症、术后视力进行比较。181例患者术后随访时间2~48个月,平均8.6个月。结果放液组视网膜复位84只眼,手术成功率为91.3%;不放液组视网膜复位86只眼,手术成功率为93.5%。放液组和不放液组PVR不同级别(B,C级)视网膜复位率比较其差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。而二组的手术并发症、术后视力进步率比较,不放液组手术并发症明显比放液组低,术后视力进步率较放液组高,其差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术复位率基本一致,但术后视力明显提高,手术并发症少,为手术步骤的重要改变,PVRC2级以下改变的RRD都可适用。     

球形孔源性视网膜脱离的手术探讨

目的：探讨球形孔源性视网膜脱离的手术方法选择与手术预后,方法：回顾性分析1999年在我院手术的球形视网膜脱离患者161例161眼资料。最终手术采用环扎加压不放液53眼,环扎加压放液75眼,玻璃体手术33眼,平均随访3个月。结果：出院时手术复位159眼,复位率98．8％,随访期间复发2眼,最终手术成功157眼,成功率97．5％,术后视力有明显提高,结论：球形孔源性视网膜脱离由于其发病急,就诊快,只要手术方法选择适当,大部分还是可以取得成功,对于膜形成严重,裂孔多,大,靠后,或再手术病例,采用玻璃体手术,其术后解剖复位率和视功能恢复还是相当满意的。     

下直肌牵引巩膜外垫压不放液手术治疗上方孔源性视网膜脱离

目的观察下直肌牵引及单纯巩膜外垫压不放液手术治疗上方孔源性视网膜脱离的临床效果。方法对上方孔源性视网膜脱离56例（56眼）术前进行下直肌缝线牵引制动，采用视网膜裂孔冷凝、巩膜环扎、外垫压及术中不放液的手术方法，对治疗结果进行分析。结果56例（56眼）经下直肌牵引制动3～5天后，52眼（92．86％）的视网膜脱离特别是上方球形脱离有明显消退，视网膜下液均有消散，其中28眼（50．00％）完全复位。53眼（94．64％）均行不放液术达到准确封闭孔源的目的。出院前治愈率为96．43％，未愈3．57％。结论下直肌缝线牵引制动可促进视网膜下液消退、平复，有利于术中裂孔准确定位、扣压位置适当，从而有效封闭裂孔。扩大了不放液手术适应范围，提高不放液手术成功率。     

Scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with severe myopia

From Jan. 1, 1980, to Dec. 31, 1989, we performed scleral buckling surgery on 48 eyes of 46 patients for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments associated with severe myopia (greater than 5.00 diopters). Forty eyes of 38 patients were observed for at least six months, and the mean follow-up period was 46 months. Intraoperative complications occurred in four of 48 eyes (8%) and included retinal incarceration (two eyes), choroidal hemorrhage (one eye), and choroidal detachment (one eye). Three of the 40 eyes (7.5%) followed up for more than six months developed a recurrent retinal detachment and underwent a revision of the scleral buckle. At the last follow-up examination, the retinas of all 40 eyes were totally reattached. Final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was attained in 26 of 40 eyes (65%). Because of the low rate of intraoperative complications and the high rate of success, scleral buckling is recommended for most patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments associated with severe myopia.     

首选个体化巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的:探讨首选个体化巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床效果。方法:回顾分析92例95眼孔源性视网膜脱离伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变C1级以下的病例,根据裂孔位置、数目、视网膜脱离的形态等首选放液或者不放液的巩膜扣带术,个别病例辅以玻璃体腔注气术。随访时间7～48(平均10.2)mo。结果:视网膜一次手术复位成功90眼(95%),视力由术前的4.03±0.42到术后的矫正视力4.58±0.33。结论:首选个体化巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离能够用最小量的手术、最小的创伤,获得较高的视网膜复位率和较好的视功能。     

孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的效果分析及影响因素

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的效果和影响视网膜下液吸收,视网膜复位的因素。方法 １２６例ＲＲＤ采用视网膜冷凝,巩膜不扎,外加压,不放液的手术方法。结果 １次手术后１１９眼视网膜完全复位,２眼再次不放液手术后视网膜复位,总复位率为９３．１％,ＳＲＦ术后２４ｈ吸收３７眼,７天内吸收１０１眼,术后视力明显提高。     

Prognosis of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. 1. Associations between clinical detachment characteristics, subretinal fluid butyrylcholinesterase and visual outcome following scleral buckling procedures.

Thirty-five patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were followed for at least 6 months after scleral buckling procedures with subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage, in order to define factors influencing anatomic and visual outcome. Thirty-two cases were surgically reattached; three were not. Among the reattached cases, final visual acuity was poorer in patients with: older age; longer standing, more extensive detachments; detachment of the macula (with or without the development of a visible macular lesion); macular lesions; and higher SRF butyrylcholinesterase activity. These factors were themselves interrelated. Follow-up duration was only weakly related to final acuity, probably because of the long post-surgical follow-up. Phakic/aphakic status bore little relationship to final acuity. The type or timing relative to drainage of inflammation producing treatment was not related to final acuity.     

Anatomic and visual results in asymptomatic clinical rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repaired by scleral buckling

PURPOSE: To report presenting characteristics as well as anatomic and visual results in asymptomatic clinical rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repaired by scleral buckling. METHODS: Review of 28 eyes of 27 patients with an asymptomatic clinical retinal detachment-defined as a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with subretinal fluid extending more than 2 disk diameters posterior to the equator-which were repaired by scleral buckling from January 1989 through December 1996 with follow-up of 6 months or longer. RESULTS: With a single scleral buckling procedure, anatomic reattachment of the retina occurred in all eyes; one eye redetached 14 months after the initial surgery secondary to a new retinal break and was successfully reattached. All eyes had best-corrected presenting and final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. Final best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was within 1 line of best-corrected presenting visual acuity in 82% of eyes; three eyes improved more than 1 line of Snellen visual acuity and two eyes lost more than 1 line. CONCLUSION: Anatomic and visual results in asymptomatic clinical rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after scleral buckling surgery are excellent. Strong consideration should be given to repair of these detachments.