奥曲肽经动脉化疗栓塞对晚期肝癌患者的治疗价值

目的探讨奥曲肽在肝癌病人TACE(经导管动脉化疗栓塞)治疗中的价值。方法以介入治疗的中晚期肝癌病人作为研究对象,进行前瞻性临床随机对照研究。两组肝癌病人,实验组50例,以超液化碘油(10~20 m l)和奥曲肽0.5 mg进行栓塞化疗;对照组50例,以超液化碘油(10~20 m l)和5-氟尿嘧啶(500~1000 mg)、丝裂霉素(10~20 mg)、卡铂(200~400 mg)进行栓塞化疗,检测治疗前后各相关生化指标的变化,测量肿瘤大小,随访生存期。结果实验组1年累积生存率87.56%,对照组为72.35%,两组间差别有统计学意义。试验组与对照组在治疗前后肿瘤大小相比有统计学意义。二组病人介入治疗前后透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、板层素(LN)、甲胎蛋白的差异均有统计学意义,奥曲肽对患者的肝肾功能、造血系统及胃肠道系统无明显影响。结论以奥曲肽作为灌注药物,对肝癌病人进行化疗栓塞与常规化疗栓塞相比,疗效优于常规化疗栓塞,而毒副作用明显减轻。     

肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术后并发胃穿孔二例

例 1　男 ,4 8岁。肝右叶巨块型肝癌 ,既往有胃溃疡病史。第 1次采用Seldinger技术经股动脉将导管插至肝总动脉 ,用高压注射器注入欧乃派克 2 5ml (30 0mg/ml) ,行数字减影血管造影发现肝固有动脉远端发出胃右动脉 ,出肝后沿胃小弯分布。因肝右动脉扭曲 ,只能超选择导管插入肝固有动脉内 ,先灌注 5氟脲嘧啶 10 0 0mg ,后将顺铂 80mg加入15ml超液态碘油中乳化为混悬液后灌注 ,再加用明胶海绵1/ 3片 (碎裂为 1～ 2mm3 )栓塞灌注。肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheterarterialchemoembolization ,TACE)后患者恶心、呕吐 ,食欲不振 ,第 4天突发上…     

术中肝动脉栓塞化疗对门静脉压力的影响

目的 搪塞术中肝动脉栓塞化疗对自由门静脉压力的影响。方法 １０例淡能切除肝癌患者，榱分别经胃网膜右动脉静插管至肝动脉及门静主士，并将埋植式给药装置植于腹壁皮下，将超液态碘油１０ｍｌ与阿霉素４０ｍｇ、顺铂４０ｍｇ、氟脲嘧啶脱氧核苷１５００ｍｋｇ充分尼并注入肝动脉，经ＩＤＤＳ测定栓塞前后及术后１、３、５、７、１４、２１、２８ｄ之ＦＰＰ。结果 １０例ＨＡＣＥ术后ＦＰＰ均明显升高，术后３￣７ｄ达高峰，之后     

少血供兔VX2肝移植瘤模型动脉栓塞后影像与病理分析

目的建立并筛选少血供兔VX2移植性肝癌模型，观察肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗效果及经肝动脉注射碘油沉积情况。方法开腹种植转移瘤于35只新西兰大白兔肝叶，移植成功后经筛选出少血供移植瘤16只，随机分为2组，对照组8只，插管至腹腔干；实验组8只，插管至肝固有动脉或左肝动脉，术后1周进行CT扫描，观察碘油沉积情况，分别取肿瘤进行HE染色及检测VEGF蛋白表达。结果16只少血供VX2移植瘤模型兔插管成功11只，5只失败。对照组成功者5只插管至腹腔干，实验组6只插管至左肝动脉或肝固有动脉，造影发现肿瘤血管稀疏或不可显示，术后CT扫描发现实验组碘油在瘤内呈环形沉积；对照组5只肝移植瘤中VEGF表达阳性2例，弱阳性3例；实验组6只移植瘤中强阳性4例，阳性2例。结论兔肝动脉血管解剖与人相似，超选择至左肝动脉，暂时阻断肿瘤动脉血供后栓塞化疗，对少血供肿瘤治疗效果较好。CT对术后碘油沉积情况检测方便，可靠，有特征性。     

三氧化二砷联合载药微球经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞对中晚期肝癌的疗效分析

目的探讨三氧化二砷联合载药微球经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞对中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法选取郑州大学第一附属医院2017-03—2018-01间收治的90例中晚期肝癌患者作为研究对象。根据随机数表法分为2组,每组45例。2组患者均接受奥沙利铂经肝动脉灌注化疗。研究组使用三氧化二砷与载药微球混悬液栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,对照组使用表柔比星与载药微球混悬液栓塞肿瘤供血动脉。比较2组治疗前及治疗后1个月的肝肾功能、AFP、疾病缓解率(CR+PR)、疾病控制率(CR+PR+SD)。结果 2组患者术前、术后1个月的肝肾功能指标及术前的AFP水平等指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组术后AFP水平明显低于对照组,术后1个月CR+PR和CR+PR+SD均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三氧化二砷联合载药微球经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞,是治疗中晚期肝癌效果较好的方案。     

肝、胆、胰、脾

肝动脉化疗栓塞对原发性肝癌患者术后生存及肿瘤复发的影响;肝动脉化疗栓塞对原发性肝癌患者树突状细胞的影响;纳米材料栓塞对肿瘤组织表达CD147影响的研究;奥曲肽抑制转化生长因子α诱导肝癌细胞增殖的实验研究;供肝缺血预处理对大鼠肝移植缺血再灌注损伤的保护性作用     

肝动脉栓塞化疗在预防小肝癌术后复发中的应用

目的 采用小剂量碘油对小肝癌病人进行肝动脉预防性栓塞化疗．以期降低其术后复发率。方法 试验组22例应用碘油10ml加常规化疗药于术前1月或术后2～3周内及术后每3～6个月进行栓塞化疗，平均栓塞2·1次。结果 其术后6月、1年、2年复发率(分别为9%、14%、25%)明显低于对照组(分别为42％、42％、66%)(P<0．05)。而术后2年、3年生存率试验组为81%及71％明显高于对照组(43％、27%)(P<0．05)。结论 初步研究表明预防性肝动脉桂塞化疗是降低小肝癌术后复发率的有效措施。     

华蟾素微球联合顺铂及阿霉素经肝动脉化学栓塞治疗肝癌的效果及预后

目的:探讨选用华蟾素微球联合顺铂以及阿霉素经肝动脉化学栓塞对肝癌患者进行治疗的效果及预后.方法:选取2018年10月—2019年10月本院收治的60例肝癌患者,按随机数字表分为两组,给予对照组(30例)患者顺铂联合阿霉素经肝动脉化学栓塞治疗,给予观察组(30例)患者华蟾素微球+顺铂+阿霉素经肝动脉化学栓塞治疗,观察患者...     

肝动脉、门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗中晚期肝癌

目的 探讨肝动脉、门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗中晚期肝癌临床疗效。方法 138例经病理证实的无手术指征的中晚期肝癌患者,分为两组进行治疗：（1）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗组（AVPC组）80例;（2）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗组（联合治疗组）58例。结果 AVPC组和联合治疗组的总有效率分别为12．6％和25．9％;治疗后获得二期手术切除率两组分别为2．5％和12．1％,差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）;治疗后0．5、1、2年生存率分别为AVPC组56．3％、45．0％、21．2％,联合治疗组分别为81．0％、61．2％、39．6％,两组间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,并发症差异无显著性意义。结论 联合治疗是治疗中晚期肝癌的有效方法,效果优于双管灌注化疗。     

肝动脉、门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗不能切除的原发性肝癌

目的：探讨肝动脉,门静脉双管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法：138例经病理证实的不能手术切除的中晚期原发性肝癌患者,分为2组进行治疗：（1）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗组（AVPC组,80例）;（2）经皮下埋植式药泵经肝动脉和门静脉双插管灌注化疗联合碘油乙醇注射治疗组（联合治疗组,58例）。结果：治疗后获得二期手术切除率为AVPC组2．5％,。联合治疗组12．1％（P＜0．05）,治疗后0．5,1,2年生存率AVPC组分别为56．3％,45．0％,21．2％。联合治疗线分别为81．0％,61．2％,39．6％,两组间0．1,1,2年生存率均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,两组并发症率无明显差异,结论：联合治疗是治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的有效方法,效果优于单纯双管灌注化疗。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.