南日岛恙虫病流行病学调查与病原分型

目的:查明南日岛恙虫病临床及流行病学特征;方法。对该岛恙虫病患者45例进行分析和流行病学调查研究;结果:恙虫病在南日岛始发于五月,终止于九月,临床症状典型,并出现多脏器功能性损害。从患者全血中分离到2株恙虫病立克次体(RT),LD_(50)>7.6,PCR/RFLP分型属Karp型。黄毛鼠、褐家鼠为主要储存宿主,地里纤恙螨为主要传播媒介。结论:南日岛存在恙虫病流行,属夏季型     

南日岛驻地恙虫病的防治策略

福建省是我国恙虫病的主要疫区，南日岛是福建沿海较大岛屿，１９９７年前未见恙虫病疫情报道。１９９７年６月我们收治该岛驻军首例恙虫病患者，尔后患者逐渐增多。据此我们进行了临床及流行病学方面的调查研究，查明南日岛恙虫病的流行情况，提出防治措施。根据恙虫病流...     

1例恙虫病诊治分析

恙虫病（tsutsugamushidisease）又名丛林斑疹伤寒，是由恙虫立克次体引起的急性传染病。属于自然源性疾病，主要传染源是啮齿类，传播媒介为恙螨幼虫。贵阳市自上世纪50年代初有急性传染病病例报告登记以来，未见恙虫病的病例报告。其临床特点为起病急、发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大和被恙螨幼虫咬处焦痂等。我国东南及沿海岛屿地区发病率较高。一般呈散发，2013年8月2日贵阳市云岩区贵医附院报告1例“虫蛰伤左腋窝疼痛伴发热13d”为特征的患者。     

云南恙螨研究及一新亚属记述

本文是云南省恙螨幼虫已发表种的分类区系资料,共82种,包括1新亚属——六毛恙螨亚属(Sexsetitrombidium)的记述。在这82种中,属于恙螨科的占绝大多数计19属79种,其中又以恙螨科的占绝大多数计,计16属55种;而葛李恙螨亚科的种类则较少,计3属24种。李温恙螨科的种类很少,仅有3属3种,而且全部都是李温恙螨亚科的种类。在全部22属中,以纤恙螨属的种类最多,计18种,占21.9％,次为无前恙螨属14种,葛李恙螨属8种;另有8属,每属仅有2—5种;其余11属,每属只有1种。分布地区包括全省范围。寄生的宿主共36种,其中哺乳动物33种,鸟类3种及未鉴定的蜥蜴一种。     

恙虫病的临床护理

恙虫病是由东方立克次体所引起的急性自然疫源性疾病，啮齿类为主要传染源，恙螨幼虫为传播媒介，本病主要发生于潮湿多草地带，夏秋季多发。病原体由恙螨叮咬处侵入人体，先在局部繁殖引起螫疹、焦痂、溃疡、局部淋巴结炎，随之进入血液引起毒血症及全身器官的损害，肝脾...     

恙虫病24例分析

恙虫病是由东方立克次体通过恙螨幼虫为媒介所引起的一种急性传染病。我院自1984年至今共收治恙虫病24例,现介绍如下。一、流行病学资料本组男21例,女3例;年龄最小11岁,最大48岁。所有患者均有野外活动或草丛坐卧史。24例发病均在4～11月间,其中4、5、11月份     

走进非洲传统医药学宝库V：潜力巨大的精油之国马达加斯加

马达加斯加岛是世界第4大岛，面积592000km^2，南北长1600km，东西平均宽400km，最宽处为580km^2位于非洲大陆东南方的印度洋中，与非洲大陆相隔400km宽的莫桑比克海峡。除南端一小部分在南回归线之外，其他大部分领土处于热带。该岛因拥有世界上独一无二的动物种群而久负盛名。自14000万年前该岛脱离非洲大陆之后，岛上的动物就在与非洲大陆动物种群相对隔离的状态下进行衍化。     

6例恙虫病病人的护理

恙虫病又名丛林班疹伤寒，是由恙虫病立克次体引起的一种急性传染病。鼠类是主要的传染源，以恙螨幼虫为媒介将本病传染给人。其临床起病为发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大和被恙螨幼虫叮咬处出现焦痂等。2004年6月-2005年8月,我科收治恙虫病病人6例，现将护理介绍如下：     

西藏江孜县藏族不同人群肠道寄生虫带染情况调查报告

肠道寄生虫病人和带虫者,在寄生虫病传播上具有重要的流行病学意义。遵照伟大领袖毛主席“预防为主”的方针,为了解我县藏族中肠道寄生虫带染情况,以便提出有效的防治措施,我们于1975年对我县藏族不同人群525人做了带虫情况粪检调查。现将结果报告如下。     

中医辨证治疗早期肝硬化

早期肝硬化为临床常见病及多发病，常常被病人忽视，往往由小恙转为难治之痼疾。笔者自1997年～2003年收治早期肝硬化病人30例，运用中医理论，发挥中药特色，取得良好的治疗效果。现报道如下：     

β3-肾上腺素受体激动剂的研究进展

摘要β     

Effects of cannabidiol and of diphenylhydantoin on the hippocampus and on learning

Cannabidiol (3.5 mg/kg, i.p.) depressed hippocampal facilitation and posttetanic potentiation of evoked responses in rats, such, as had been reported before for diphenylhydantoin. Both diphenylhydantoin (80 mg/kg, i.p.) and cannabidiol blocked the increase of hippocampal RNA concentration caused by afferent stimulation, and depressed the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response in rats. Neither drug affected the retention of such response when given by posttrial injection, nor the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice. The effects of both agents may be explained by the interference they have been previously shown to produce with the release of K⁺ from the hippocampus during stimulation. In fact, hippocampal facilitation and posttetanic potentiation and the RNA response to stimulation have been shown to be phenomena which depend on this K⁺ release, and have been attributed a role in learning.     

朱砂及含朱砂制剂的肝肾毒性研究

目的 探讨朱砂、含朱砂制剂（柏子养心片）及甲基汞对大鼠的体内外毒性,为其临床安全用药提供科学依据。方法 ①对比甲基汞、朱砂及柏子养心片体外对人肝HL-7702细胞和人肾近曲小管上皮HK2细胞的毒性,计算半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）。②SD大鼠随机分为对照组,朱砂组0.1 g/kg,柏子养心片0.2、0.4、0.8 g/kg组,甲基汞组0.001 g/kg,每天ig 1次,连续给药90 d后,取血及肝、肾组织;试剂盒法检测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肌酐（CREA）、尿素氮（BUN）水平,测汞仪固体直接进样法检测肝、肾组织中汞蓄积量,并对大鼠肝脏和肾脏做组织病理学检查。结果 体外试验表明,朱砂、柏子养心片及甲基汞对HL-7702细胞的IC₅₀分别为7.852、6.035、0.009 5 g/L;对HK2细胞的IC₅₀分别为6.297、4.484、0.008 9 g/L。亚慢性毒性试验表明,甲基汞组大鼠肝、肾组织中汞蓄积量及血清中ALT、AST、CREA、BUN值均显著高于对照组,而朱砂及柏子养心片（高、中、低剂量）组与对照组比较均没有显著性差异;甲基汞组大鼠肝脏呈现肝细胞变性,肾脏可见明显肾小管损伤,而朱砂及柏子养心片（高、中、低剂量）组与对照比较没有明显差异。结论 朱砂及柏子养心片的体内外毒性均显著低于甲基汞,在目前药典规定的临床用量下使用安全性较好。     

左乙拉西坦与托吡酯治疗儿童原发性癫痫的效果及其对免疫功能的影响

目的:观察左乙拉西坦与托吡酯治疗原发性癫痫的疗效及安全性,并探讨其对患儿免疫功能的影响。方法:选择我院2013年3月至2015年6月收治的原发性癫痫患儿60例,随机分为左乙拉西坦组和托吡酯组各30例,另选同期体检的健康儿童30例作为对照组。三组儿童均采集晨起空腹静脉血(患儿分别于治疗前和治疗3个月时各采集1次),采用免疫比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM 水平,采用流式细胞技术检测T 淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+水平。观察治疗前后各组患儿免疫功能指标变化、临床疗效及不良反应。结果:治疗前两组患儿IgA、IgG、IgM、CD3+、CD4+及CD8+水平与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);治疗后两组患儿IgA、IgG、CD8+和(或)CD4+水平较治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),且与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),两组患儿之间比较差异也无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。治疗3个月后,左乙拉西坦组总有效率为93.33%,托吡酯组为86.67%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿治疗过程中均无明显电解质紊乱、血尿常规及肝肾功能检查异常,不良反应轻微,无停药病例。结论:癫痫患儿存在免疫功能异常,应用左乙拉西坦和托吡酯均能改善其免疫功能,且二者疗效相当,安全性较高,均具有较高的临床应用价值。     

妊娠合并子宫肌瘤对母儿影响的分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并子宫肌瘤对母儿的影响。方法 对1999年1月～2004年12月73例在剖宫产术中发现的子宫肌瘤进行分析。结果 妊娠合并肌瘤的胎位异常（臂位）率、产后出血率分别为17．8％、20．54％,而对照组分别为3．18％和8．97％;低体重儿发生率12、33％,而对照组为6．07％,有显著差异。结论 子宫肌瘤增加了母儿并发症的可能性;合并黏膜下肌瘤也有望使妊娠过程成功。     

Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on blood pressure and on renin formation and release

Summary I.v. injection of 40 mg/kg or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin reliably induced diabetes in female Sprague-Dawley rats, but failed to induce hypertension within the following 42 days. In most animals injected with the higher dose and in some animals injected with the lower dose, the tail blood flow was permanently impaired so that no blood pressure signals could be obtained by tail plethysmography. This phenomenon occurred also when the drug was injected into the jugular vein and thus was not due to a local effect of streptozotocin. 15 days after 65 mg/kg streptozotocin, the mean arterial pressure of the rats was similar to that of controls, when measured in the awake state (carotid cannula) or under ether anaesthesia. 42 days after streptozotocin, under pentobarbital anaesthesia, the blood pressure was again normal in the animals given 40 mg/kg of the drug and depressed in the animals given 65 mg/kg of the drug 42 days previously. The increase of blood pressure induced by 1 g/kg (–)-noradrenaline i.v. was similar in the latter group of animals and in controls.The renal cortical renin concentration was much lower than in controls 42 days after either dose of streptozotocin, while the plasma renin activity was normal (40 mg/kg) or increased (65 mg/kg). The low renal renin content may have been due to the diabetic state, rather than to the drug itself. Adrenal medullary dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity was increased 42 days after the higher dose of streptozotocin.Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant Nr. 3.410.078     

Effect of endothelin on total and regional coronary resistance and on myocardial contractility

Endothelin is a 21-amino acid peptide produced by the endothelium and has a potent vasoconstrictor effect. Because of the importance of the endothelium on vasomotor regulation, we studied the effect of endothelin on total and regional coronary vascular resistance and on myocardial contractility in the intact heart of anesthetized dogs. Intracoronary administration of 2 to 80 pmol/kg of endothelin produced a dose-dependent increase in coronary resistance, ischaemic decrease in myocardial contractility and atrium-ventricular blockade. The increase in resistance was greater towards the outer layer of the left ventricular wall. When the coronaries were perfused at a constant rate and vasoconstriction was prevented with adenosine or nitroglycerine, endothelin did not produce inotropic changes. These results show that endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor of the resistance coronary vessels, producing a redistribution of transmural blood flow and a decrease in myocardial contractility secondary to ischaemia.     

丹参多酚酸盐治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效及其对一氧化氮和内皮素的影响

目的观察丹参多酚酸盐治疗不稳定型心绞痛（UA）的疗效及其对血清一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素（ET）水平的影响。方法 60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。对照组给予常规抗心绞痛治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用丹参多酚酸盐注射液。观察比较2组临床疗效、血清NO和ET水平及心电图改善和药物不良反应情况。结果 治疗组临床疗效、血清NO和ET水平及心电图改善情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组均未发生药物不良反应。结论丹参多酚酸盐可明显改善UA患者的临床症状和心电图ST-T改变,要提高血清NO水平的同时降低ET水平。     

Effect of ranitidine on ileal myenteric plexus preparation and on acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase

Ranitidine at concentrations from 1 microM to 0.1 mM brought about a dose-dependent potentiation of the twitch responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the ileal myenteric preparation. At higher concentrations (0.3-3 mM) ranitidine also caused irregular slow contractions of the unstimulated ileal preparation which were potentiated by eserine and blocked by atropine and tetrodotoxin. In order to identify the mechanism of these apparently cholinomimetic actions, the effects of ranitidine on AChE and BuChE were studied. Ranitidine showed an instantaneous and promptly reversible inhibitory action at concentrations between 0.5 and 30 microM. Double reciprocal plots were prepared and equilibrium dissociation constants calculated. It appears that ranitidine exerts an inhibition of the "mixed" type on both AChE and BuChE, but the dissociation constants for BuChE were markedly higher than those for AChE. Since AChE inhibition occurs in the same concentration range potentiating the twitch responses on the ileal myenteric preparation, it may explain the cholinomimetic effect of ranitidine.