以闭襻性结肠梗阻为首发表现的创伤性膈疝1例诊治体会

目的总结以闭襻性肠梗阻为首发表现的膈疝的诊治经验。方法对我科收治的以闭襻性肠梗阻为首发表现的1例膈疝患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并结合文献进行总结。结果经全胸部X线平片、立位腹部X线平片及胸腹部CT明确诊断为闭襻性结肠梗阻、创伤性膈疝(疝内容物为横结肠),急诊手术行嵌顿的疝内容物复位、膈肌修补及切除阑尾经阑尾残端行肠管减压术,术后患者恢复良好。结论仔细的病史采集和查体是明确诊断的基础,全胸部X线平片、立位腹部X线平片及胸腹部CT是明确诊断的重要方法,诊断明确后应及时手术,术中结肠梗阻可经阑尾残端行肠管减压。     

腹腔镜小儿先天性膈疝修补术

目的探讨腹腔镜小儿先天性膈疝修补术的疗效。方法2002年6月-2005年12月，我们对11例小儿先天性膈疝（3例新生儿年龄3—24h，余8例2—24个月）施行三孔或四孔腹腔镜手术。还纳疝内容物，丝线缝合膈肌修补缺损。结果10例手术修补成功。1例新生儿腹腔镜手术后3d膈疝复发，再次腹腔镜手术修补成功。手术时间55—180min，平均100min，术中出血量1—2ml。术后1—2d开始进食。11例随访9—24个月，平均16个月，X线检查膈肌位置正常。结论腹腔镜小儿先天性膈疝修补术安全可靠，创伤小，可清晰显露术野，术中还可探查有无腹部其他先天性畸形。     

创伤性膈疝的X线及CT诊断

目的总结创伤性膈疝的X线及CT表现,提高对该病的认识。方法搜集2002年1月至2005年12月间经手术、病理证实的创伤性膈疝18例,回顾性分析其X线及CT表现。结果18例创伤性膈疝中,X线平片表现膈肌上抬、轮廓模糊消失、液气胸、创伤性湿肺等。胃肠造影可直接显示膈上疝囊等结构。CT可显示疝入胸腔的软组织肿块,提供补充信息。结论创伤性膈疝有较典型的影像学表现,平片、胃肠造影、CT等多种影像检查手段的结合,可提高其诊断率。     

儿童单侧肺透亮度增强的X线分析

目的分析儿童单侧肺透亮度增强疾病的X线诊断及鉴别诊断。方法搜集2000~2003年胸片显示单侧肺透亮度增强患儿86例进行临床及X线分析。结果86例胸片显示单侧肺透亮度增加患儿年龄均在13岁以下。其中男52例,女34例。经临床证实为:支气管异物48例,占55.8%;单侧透明肺20例,占23.3%;肺未发生与肺未发育8例,占9.3%;先天性大叶性肺气肿6例,占7%;先天性一侧肺动脉发育不全4例,占4.6%。结论引起儿童单侧肺透亮度增强的疾病很多,但只要结合临床病史仔细分析其X线表现,一般不难作出明确诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断会阴疝的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断会阴疝的临床价值。方法利用彩色多普勒超声对15例会阴疝患者行术前检查,观察其超声表现。结果前会阴疝14例,疝囊位于尿道与阴道之间;后会阴疝1例,疝囊位于阴道与直肠远端及肛管之间。会阴疝表现为疝囊近端与腹腔相通,远端为盲端。疝内容物为肠管时呈肠壁回声、肠腔内容物或气体回声,CDFI示肠壁少量血流信号;内容物为网膜时呈不均匀中高回声,CDFI示点状血流信号;内容物为膀胱时呈囊状无回声,CDFI示囊壁少量血流信号。其中1例合并会阴部血管瘤,1例合并会阴部纤维脂肪瘤。结论彩色多普勒超声检查可判断有无会阴疝,明确疝的类型,对诊断、鉴别诊断会阴疝具有重要价值。     

Diagnostic value of ultrasonic versus X-ray examination for perforation of abdominal hollow viscera

目的 比较超声与X线检查对腹部空腔脏器穿孔的诊断价值.方法 急腹症待诊者56例,术后确诊为空腔脏器穿孔34例.将X线检查、超声术前拟诊与术后结果比较.结果 超声与X线检查诊断腹部空腔脏器穿孔,在准确性、特异性等方面差异无统计学意义;超声敏感性高、且假阴性低.结论 诊断空腔脏器穿孔,超声的信息量比X线检查多,能弥补后者检查的不足.     

外伤性膈疝23例诊治体会

目的探讨外伤性膈疝的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1994年1月~2005年6月间收治的外伤性膈疝23例的临床资料。结果本组术前诊断明确者14例,误诊9例;治愈20例,死亡3例。结论临床经验不足是导致外伤性膈疝误诊、漏诊的主要原因。X线和CT检查在膈疝的诊断中有重要的作用;胸腔穿刺抽出胃肠道内容物对于膈疝的诊断有很大的意义,但应在X线监控下进行,以免发生副损伤。外伤性膈疝一经确诊,应立即手术治疗。     

创伤性膈疝32例诊治体会

目的总结创伤性膈疝早期诊断和外科治疗的体会。方法回顾性分析32例创伤性膈疝病人的临床资料,本组病人均施行膈疝修补术,其中经胸手术14例(胸腔镜下修补膈疝1例),经腹部手术18例。结果术中直接缝合破裂膈肌26例(81.3%),采用疝补片修补破裂膈肌6例(18.7%);全组治愈31例(96.8%),死亡1例(3.2%),死亡原因为呼吸衰竭。结论提高警惕性、动态X线和CT等影像学检查可及早发现膈疝,必要时可借助于胸腹腔镜探查;急性期可采用经腹入路,陈旧性膈疝采用经胸入路。     

胎儿先天性膈疝"子宫外产时处理"麻醉1例

患者,女性,32岁,孕37周,体重68.5 kg,诊断:足月妊娠,胎儿左侧膈疝.拟在全身麻醉下行剖宫产术、维持子宫胎盘循环下行先天性膈疝修补术. 孕28周时,彩超示胎儿左侧胸腔内可见胃泡及部分肠管回声,未见肝脏嵌入影.胎心位于胸腔右侧,心尖指向左侧,双肺受压,右肺约1.9 cm×1.5 cm,左肺约3.9 cm ×1.2 cm.孕期平稳,脐带血检查胎儿染色体核型未见异常.孕37周时,超声示右肺仅增长至约2.4 cm×2.0 cm,胎心仍位于胸腔右侧.核磁共振示胎儿左侧腹腔内容物嵌入胸腔,右肺受压,心脏向右侧移位,未见肝脾嵌入.     

高频超声和彩色多普勒血流显像诊断腹股沟斜疝

目的探讨高频超声和彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）在腹股沟斜疝诊断中的价值。方法对79例高频彩超检查诊断腹股沟斜疝且经手术病理证实的患者进行回顾性分析。结果腹股沟斜疝表现为腹股沟区腹壁层内见疝囊,其近端通过疝囊颈（内环口）与腹腔相通,远端为边界清晰的盲端。高频彩超显示疝内容物为肠管时可见肠管管壁特点、气体回声、肠腔内容物,肠壁有多条彩色血流;内容物为大网膜时为簇状杂乱回声团或筛网状回声团,伴斑点状彩色血流。嵌顿疝及绞窄疝内的彩色血流有不同程度改变。腹壁下动脉在疝囊的后方、疝囊颈的内侧。精索紧贴疝囊的后壁。结论高频超声和CDFI能显示腹股沟斜疝内容物性质,指导选择手术时机和方法;CDFI对鉴别诊断、判断内容物损害程度及预后评估有重要价值。     

A Rare Variant of Diaphragmatic Hernia through the Central Tendon: A Case Report

Diaphragmatic hernia through the central tendon is a very rare entity. We report on a case that developed to acute intestinal obstruction, secondary to herniation of the small intestine through a small defect in the central tendon of the diaphragm. The patient never had any trauma to his chest or abdomen and had no history suggestive of congenital nature of the diaphragmatic hernia. However, he had coronary artery bypass grafting with saphenous vein used as a graft, done almost 17 years back; hence, we suspect it to be an iatrogenic hernia. A laparoscopic herniorrhaphy of the diaphragmatic defect was carried out after reducing the herniated organ. The postoperative course was uneventful. Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernias are a very rare entity. We are reporting on a central tendon hernial defect in the diaphragm after coronary artery bypass with saphenous vein as a graft material. There are reported cases with post coronary artery bypass graft diaphragmatic hernia in which the right gastroepiploic artery was taken as the graft material. Late diagnosis of iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernias is frequent. CT scan is helpful for diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of diaphragmatic hernia at the time of diagnosis, even with asymptomatic patients.     

Acute abdomen due to a right-sided strangulated traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Case report

Traumatic rupture of diaphragm is sometimes diagnosed many years after the traumatic event. Due to the silent nature of diaphragmatic injuries, the diagnosis is easily missed or difficult. We describe a rare case of right diaphragmatic hernia, in which the diagnosis was made many years after the trauma. The incidence of right diaphragmatic hernia is about 11-14% of all diaphragmatic hernias. The patient showed acute hernia of the small intestine and was treated with resection of the intestinal loop and repair of breakthrough by suture. The diagnosis was made with a standard X-ray of thorax and abdomen. CT scan and NMR give more accurate information in these cases. The surgical repair is the treatment of choice in all traumatic diaphragmatic hernias.     

创伤性膈疝25例临床诊治体会

目的总结创伤性膈疝的临床诊断和早期治疗的经验,为减少误诊、漏诊及提高治愈率提供参考。方法对25例创伤性膈疝患者的临床资料与治疗经验进行总结分析,21例于伤后24 h内就诊,3例于伤后48h就诊;1例CT检查发现空腔脏器疝入胸腔,追问病史,2年前有外伤史。术前均完善胸片、胸腹部CT和胸腹部B超检查,术前均获确诊,确诊率100%。采用经胸手术14例,经腹手术8例,胸腹联合切口3例。疝内容物为肝3例,脾6例,胃7例,大网膜4例,结肠2例,其他3例。同时行肝修补术3例,行脾切除术6例,行胃肠破裂修补术13例。结果术中发现左侧膈疝23例,右侧膈疝2例。膈肌呈线性破裂20例,呈不规则破裂5例。膈肌破裂长度平均为7.6(4～16)cm。治愈23例,死亡2例,病死率8%。23例均获随访,平均随访时间28.5(6～40)个月,未见膈疝复发。结论创伤性膈疝多发生于严重胸腹部损伤,缺乏特异性临床表现,一经确诊应尽早手术治疗。修补膈肌裂口,及时正确地处理合并脏器伤是提高治愈率,降低死亡率的关键。     

婴幼儿先天性膈疝的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨婴幼儿先天性膈疝的诊断方法和外科治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析近10年来收冶的18例婴幼儿先天性膈疝病例,通过X线吞钡动态透视确诊。食管狭窄采用纵切横缝治疗,并将膈肌切口折叠交叉缝合于食管前后,做成人工膈肌角。另采用Belsey方法行His角成形,防止术后食物反流。结果 本组无死亡病例,均痊愈出院。术后随访1－5年无其他并发症。结论 动态下行X线钡餐透,视对诊断婴幼儿先天性隔疝有决定性帮助。手术是治疗食管狭窄及膈疝所引起呕吐的唯一方法。His角成形对防止术后远期食物反流有良好的作用。     

Thoraco-abdominal impalement injury with diaphragmatic injury: a case report

A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of impalement injury due to traffic accident. Chest X-ray on admission revealed normal lung field. CT scans of the chest and abdomen revealed slight pneumothorax and intra-abdominal organ protruding from abdominal cavity. An emergency operation was performed. Diaphragmatic injury was not detected during the abdominal procedure. On exploring the back wound, we found a laceration of 8 cm in diameter in the diaphragm and repaired it. Impalement injuries which have aspects of both blunt and penetrating trauma are uncommon. Accordingly, wound exploration and debridement of fistulous tract are necessary. In the case of thoraco-abdominal injuries by impalement, one should bear in mind the existence of diaphragmatic injury even with normal diaphragmatic shadow on chest X-ray.     

Stomach position as an in utero predictor of neonatal outcome in left-sided diaphragmatic hernia.

An 8-year review of neonates with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia who presented in severe respiratory distress at birth was retrospectively reviewed looking at stomach position, thoracic or abdominal, as a predictor of survivability. Survival was 93% with the stomach below the diaphragm compared with 29% when the stomach was thoracic in location. Stomach position may be an important early in utero predictor of high mortality in neonates with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernias.     

Two cases of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with atypical medical history

We have recently experienced two cases of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia which has been repaired by surgery. The first case was a 58-year-old man who had suffered left upper abdominal injury with a branch in his childhood. Although he had never symptoms, chest X-ray showed abnormal shadow in the left lower lung field. Radiologic studies indicated that the great omentum was escaped into the thoracic cavity. On patient request, we performed primary repair of the diaphragmatic hernia on thoracotomy. The second case was a 56-year-old woman who had undergone a left nephrectomy for the left renal abscess. Seven months after the operation, she began to feel nausea and vomiting, and the symptom aggravated with time. Chest X-ray showed air bubbles in the left lower lung field. It proved to be a projection of the stomach into the thoracic cavity through the iatrogenic diaphragmatic injury. We successfully performed a repairment of the diaphragm with a mesh.     

Diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung in newborn infants and children.

Seventeen patients were diagnosed as having congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung during 1970-88. One case was associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and the child died before operation. The other 16 children underwent successful surgery. The patients presented in one of three ways--with neonatal respiratory impairment (12 cases) requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment, with recurrent respiratory tract infections (3), and with pneumothorax (1). Diagnostic problems arose with the neonatal presentation. In four of the children laparotomy was performed for presumed diaphragmatic hernia; three of these children had right sided lesions. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia was excluded by contrast studies in a further two patients. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. The postoperative course was uneventful in all 16 patients. No long term impairment of pulmonary function was noted.     

Necrotic gangrenous intrathoracic appendix in a marfanoid adult patient: a case report

Background  

A diaphragmatic hernia is defined as a defect in part of the diaphragm through which abdominal contents can protrude into the thorax. It may be congenital or acquired. In this case report, we aim to demonstrate a congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an adult marfanoid patient which required emergency treatment     

Right delayed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia; report of a case

An 80-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with abnormal shadow on chest X-ray 8 years after a chest trauma during which multiple ribs on the right side were fractured causing hemothorax. A diagnosis of right delayed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia was based on the findings on plain X-ray and multislice computed tomography. We performed surgery via thoracic approach with thoracoscopic assist. The transverse colon, liver, and omentum were dislocated into the right thoracic cavity and hardly adhered to the lung. We successfully repaired the ruptured diaphragm. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 33rd postoperative day.