土三七导致肝窦阻塞综合征20例

目的分析土三七导致肝窦阻塞综合征(SOS)患者的临床特点及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析2011年11月至2015年12月收治的20例服用土三七所致肝窦阻塞综合征患者的临床诊治资料。结果 20例患者中以老年人居多,大多数在服药的4个月内发病,均以腹胀为首发表现,所有患者肝脏CT或MRI检查均有"地图样"改变,肝静脉变细或不显示,1例患者出现肝肿大且无腹水,余19例均有腹水,有饮酒史和无饮酒史患者的肝损伤未见显著差异。20例患者中,1例治愈,7例好转,其中有2例是行TIPS治疗后好转。结论土三七可导致SOS的发生,肝脏CT或MRI检查有特征性的表现,早期抗凝、改善微循环治疗有一定疗效,应重视土三七的肝毒性。     

肝窦阻塞综合征35例临床分析及文献复习

目的 总结肝窦阻塞综合征的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法并复习文献,旨在提高临床对该疾病的诊疗水平.方法 回顾性分析2008年8月-2013年5月在南京医科大学第一附属医院住院的35例患者病史、临床表现、实验室结果以及影像学特征、肝脏组织病理学、治疗经过及预后情况.结果 31例患者有服用土三七病史,占88.6%;2例有服用其他中药史;2例有异基因造血干细胞移植史.临床表现主要为腹胀（100%）、腹水（91.4%）、腹痛（62.9%）、黄疸（48.6%）,不同程度的肝功能损害.超声检查发现肝静脉显示不清或明显变细,血流降低或消失;CT发现肝脏呈＂地图状＂强化不均匀;肝脏组织病理学发现局部肝窦扩张,部分肝细胞脂肪变性,部分肝组织出血,肝组织及门静脉区大量慢性炎症细胞浸润.治疗后,15例（42.9%）好转,20例（57.1%）治疗无效自动出院.结论 服用土三七仍为我国SOS的主要病因,早期诊断,及时应用改善肝脏微循环药物以及糖皮质激素对改善预后有一定疗效.     

肝小静脉闭塞病50例临床分析

目的 分析肝小静脉闭塞病(HVOD)的临床特点,探讨其诊断及治疗方法.方法 分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院2008年8月至2011年8月收治的50例HVOD患者的病因、临床表现、实验室检查、影像学表现、病理特点及治疗情况.结果 50例HVOD患者中,38例有服用土三七史,占76％,临床表现主要为腹水、肝大、肝区疼痛、黄疸及体质量增加.实验室检查显示,肝功能损害,血CA125升高.超声示肝大、肝静脉变细,血流减慢;CT示肝外形饱满,增强扫描示门脉期及延迟期肝实质不均匀强化,呈地图样改变,肝静脉明显变细.病理检查示肝窦充血,中央静脉狭窄、管壁增厚.主要采取抗凝治疗,1例治愈,33例好转,13例未愈,3例死亡.结论 浙江省因服用土三七而引起HVOD的病例较多见,可根据病史、临床表现和特征性的影像学表现来明确诊断,但不典型病例仍需肝活组织穿刺检查.采用抗凝治疗能取得较好疗效.     

肝窦阻塞综合征八例临床分析

目的探讨肝窦阻塞综合征（SOS）的临床诊治方法。方法回顾性分析8例SOS的临床资料,并进行随访。结果8例SOS主要临床表现为腹胀（8例）、肝区疼痛（7例）、腹水征（8例）及肝肿大（7例）等。8例的肝功能损害程度大多较轻,血清-腹水白蛋白梯度均大于11．1g／L,血清与腹水CA125均显著升高。超声检查均见肝脏肿大、胆囊壁水肿或增厚、门静脉增宽且流速缓慢、肝静脉变细以及腹腔积液等;MRI表现为门脉期及延迟期肝实质不均匀片状强化,肝叶、段静脉腔内造影剂充盈不良。经皮肝穿刺活检均见肝窦扩张、淤血及肝细胞变性、坏死,3例发现小静脉管腔狭窄、管壁增厚伴纤维组织增生。8例中1例行肝移植术后痊愈,4例经内科治疗后逐渐康复,3例死亡。结论SOS的临床表现以突出的门脉高压症为特点,CA125常显著升高,超声及MRI对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断有重大价值,而经皮肝穿刺活检的价值有限,联合应用影像学方法与病理活检可提高诊断正确率。早期应用抗凝药物是治疗本病的关键,严重病例可行肝移植术。     

肝窦阻塞综合征成功诊治1例报告

<正>肝窦阻塞综合征(hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, HSOS),又称肝小静脉闭塞病(hepatic veno-occlusive disease, HVOD),是由于肝窦内皮细胞损伤导致肝窦流出道阻塞，从而引起肝内窦性门静脉高压[1]。临床表现主要为腹水、肝区疼痛、肝肿大、消瘦和黄疸，易与失代偿期肝硬化、布加综合征等混淆[2],所以容易误诊。现对服用土三七致肝窦阻塞综合征1例患者进行报道，该     

我国吡咯烷生物碱致肝窦阻塞综合征的临床特征分析

目的探讨我国吡咯烷生物碱致肝窦阻塞综合征的临床表现、治疗方法及预后。方法检索1980年1月-2017年4月我国107篇肝窦阻塞综合征临床报道文献,共计407例患者,总结该病的性别、年龄及分布地区,该病的临床表现、影像学、病理结果及预后情况。结果 407例患者中男女比为1∶1.22;发病年龄1岁1个月~81岁。临床表现多为腹胀、腹痛、腹水和肝肿大。典型的腹部CT表现为肝肿大,增强后呈"地图状"或斑片状改变。病理可见肝窦扩张淤血,肝小静脉不同程度狭窄。407例患者中治疗有效302例,死亡90例,病死率22.11%。结论我国吡咯碱致肝窦阻塞综合征发病女性高于男性,任何年龄均可发生,以腹胀、腹痛、腹水和肝肿大为突出临床表现,结合典型的肝脏CT表现可明确诊断,肝穿刺病理表现为诊断金标准。治疗上以对症治疗为主,部分患者预后较差。     

肝淀粉样变性临床及影像分析

目的 探讨分析肝淀粉样变性的临床及影像学特点,为临床提供经验和参考。方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院第五医学中心2017年2月—2023年6月期间收治的12例经病理活检证实的肝淀粉样变性患者的各项资料,归纳分析患者的一般资料、临床表现、实验室检验和影像学表现等。结果 12例肝淀粉样变性患者的临床表现主要为腹胀、纳差、发现肝功能异常,入组患者中碱性磷酸酶升高者10例,谷氨酰转肽酶升高者11例,白蛋白降低者7例,肿瘤标志物全呈阴性者5例,CA125升高者4例,CA199升高者6例。12例均有肝脏体积增大,7例脾脏增大,7例有腹腔积液,9例增强扫描门静脉期及延迟期肝实质内可见“窗凌花”样斑片状低密度或低信号强化影。结论 肝淀粉样变性多见于中老年女性,主要临床表现为腹胀、纳差和肝功能异常,大部分患者可有碱性磷酸酶和谷氨酰转肽酶升高,部分肿瘤标志物异常,影像学多表现为肝脾增大,腹水和肝实质强化不均匀,可有类似“窗凌花”样强化,确诊肝淀粉样变性的主要手段是影像学表现结合肝穿刺活检病理结果。     

超声在肝窦阻塞综合征中的诊断价值

目的探讨肝窦阻塞综合征超声声像图特征及评估超声在肝窦阻塞综合征中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析8例由我院临床诊断肝窦阻塞综合征(HSOS)的患者超声声像图,观察肝脏大小形态及内部回声特点、肝静脉、门静脉、肠系膜上静脉及下腔静脉内径及血流情况、脾脏大小、胆囊壁厚度及腹腔积液量。结果 8例患者的超声表现为肝脏体积增大,回声减低,分布不均匀。8例肝静脉内径变细,4例流速减低。6例出现门静脉增宽,5例血流速度减低。2例出现门静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓。2例患者出现脾脏体积增大。8例患者伴有腹腔积液。8例出现胆囊壁水肿增厚。4例患者下腔静脉肝后段变细。结论彩色多普勒超声对肝窦阻塞综合征有很重要的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。     

肝窦阻塞综合征的影像学表现

肝窦阻塞综合征(hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, HSOS),又称肝小静脉闭塞病,是由各种原因导致肝窦内皮细胞损害致肝窦流出道阻塞所引起的肝脏血管性疾病,其主要的病因包括:造血干细胞移植、使用奥沙利铂等化疗药物、服用含吡咯烷生物碱的中草药等.近几年关于HSOS影像学特征的研究不断深入,本文结合最新国内外文献和本研究组的工作,将HSOS影像学特征做一总结.     

肝小静脉闭塞病28例临床分析

目的:探讨肝小静脉闭塞病(HVOD)的临床特点与诊治经验。方法:回顾性分析28例HVOD患者的病因、临床表现、实验室检查、彩超、CT、病理特征,治疗及转归。结果:28例HVOD多由服用土三七引起(20例,占71.4%),临床表现以腹胀、黄疸、肝肿大、腹水为其主要特征,超声造影检查显示肝实质持续不规则低灌注,呈"荒芜"症;CT增强扫描表现为全肝弥漫性密度不均匀改变,静脉期表现为特征性的"地图状"、斑片状强化和低密度区,肝静脉显示不清或未显示;病理提示中央静脉周围肝窦高度扩张淤血,肝细胞变性、坏死,中央静脉周围轻度纤维化,未见明确炎症。28例患者治疗后好转15例(53.6%),其余均因病情加重自动出院或死亡。结论:对有中药"土三七"服用史或长期服用中药泡酒者,出现腹胀、腹水、黄疸,要高度怀疑HVOD,影像学检查有助于诊断,病理学检查是诊断的金标准。HVOD病死率较高,早期诊断和及时治疗尤为重要。     

肝静脉闭塞病的临床和病理研究

目的通过对肝静脉闭塞病（HVOD）的临床和病理特点研究,提高对该病的认识.方法回顾性分析因骨髓移植和服用土三七所致12例HVOD的临床和病理特征.结果骨髓移植所致HVOD常表现为急性起病,且病情较重;而土三七所致HVOD除急性起病外,也可以表现为亚急性、慢性起病,且病情轻重不一,可能与土三七的剂量和疗程以及个体差异相关.抗凝疗法治疗急性和亚急性HVOD疗效优于慢性HVOD.两者所致HVOD的病理均表现为肝窦扩张、瘀血,肝索挤压、萎缩,肝细胞坏死,胆汁淤积,而肝小静脉缩窄甚至闭塞等典型表现并不常见,可能与经皮肝穿刺活检术有很大局限性有关.结论骨髓移植和应用土三七应警惕HVOD的发生,争取早期诊断和及时治疗.     

土三七致肝小静脉闭塞病诊断及治疗体会

目的 探讨肝小静脉闭塞病(hepatic veno-occlusive disesse,HVOD)的诊断及治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析我院3例土三七致HVOD患者的临床和病理特征.结果 所有患者以腹胀、腹水和肝肿大为主要表现.2例患者的组织病理学表现为肝窦扩张、瘀血、肝索挤压、萎缩、肝细胞变性坏死.结论 土三七所致肝小静脉闭塞病临床表现无特殊性,肝穿是重要的诊断方法.     

血清CA125在肝硬化患者中的临床意义及相关因素研究

目的 探讨血清CA125在肝硬化患者中的临床意义及相关因素.方法 回顾性分析130例肝硬化患者血清CA125水平,Child-Pugh分级、腹水程度的临床资料,并分析相关数据.结果 血清CA125水平在肝硬化患者中明显升高,其水平与Child-Pugh分级、腹水程度呈正相关性,与肝硬化病因无关.结论 CA125可能成为临床评价肝硬化患者肝功能损害和腹水的参考指标.     

Elevation of serum and ascites cancer antigen 125 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 elevation has been reported in patients with liver disease, but it is poorly characterized. The present study aimed to evaluate the range of serum and ascitic CA 125 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis and to explore possible factors associated with CA 125 elevation. METHODS: A total of 70 patients were studied. Group I consisted of 30 patients with liver cirrhosis with or without ascites. Group II consisted of 30 patients with digestive malignant tumors with or without ascites. Group III consisted of 10 patients with benign ascites. The CA 125 levels were measured in the serum of all patients and also simultaneously in the ascitic fluid of 15 patients. RESULTS: Serum CA125 levels in 80% of (24/30) patients from group I were elevated, particularly in those with ascites, irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis. Serum CA 125 levels were correlated with Child-Pugh scores (r = 0.38), but not significantly (P = 0.06). All patients from group II with ascites and from group III had elevated serum CA 125 levels, but there was no difference in the serum CA 125 levels between patients with ascites from group I (275 +/- 175 U/mL), group II (368 +/- 190 U/mL) or group III (396 +/- 287 U/mL), nor was there a significant difference in ascitic CA 125 levels (P > 0.05). The levels of serum CA 125 (198 +/- 108 U/mL) were lower than, but correlated with that of ascites (460 +/- 234 U/mL, r = 0.58, P = 0.026). The elevation of serum CA 125 accompanied by abnormalities of other tumor markers was more common in malignant ascites than in benign ascites (90% compared with 6%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The elevation of serum CA 125 is common in patients with liver cirrhosis. It is related to the presence of ascites, and possibly to the insufficiency of liver function, but not the etiology of cirrhosis and ascites. Serum CA 125 probably comes from ascites. It usually predicts benign disease if the elevation of serum or ascites CA 125 is not accompanied by the abnormalities of other tumor markers.     

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after taking Gynura Rhizome: The value of multidetector computed tomography in diagnosing the disease and evaluating the clinical therapeutic effect

Aim: We conducted this study to evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosing and differential diagnosis hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (HVOD), and as well as assessing the clinical therapeutic effects. Methods: From 2007 to 2010, 10 inpatients with weight increasing, liver pains, ascites, jaundice and history of taking gynura rhizome before hospitalization were scanned with a 64‐MDCT. The data were reconstructed every 0.625 mm and reviewed using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and liver CT angiography (CTA) on a GE AW4.2 workstation. Patients were re‐scanned with MDCT after medication so that the clinical therapeutic effect could be evaluated before the patients discharging from hospital. Results: In 10 HVOD patients, the diagnoses of MDCT were coincident with clinical results. All patients had ascites and pleural fluid, hepatomegaly except the caudate lobe in MDCT. Failure to view hepatic veins in hepatic 3 phase scans, but portal veins and inferior vena cava were unobstructed. In portal‐phase, hepatic enhancements were non‐uniform. Three patients were incorrectly diagnosed before hospital admission. All patients improved significantly after hepato‐protection and supporting therapy. No ascites, hydrothorax, hepatomegaly and obstruction of hepatic veins were observed by MDCT before patients were discharged from hospital. Conclusion: Multidetector computed tomography combined with MPR and liver CTA images are helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HVOD and in the evaluation of clinical therapeutic effects.     

Gastroesophageal Varices and Hyperplastic Nodules of the Liver in a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa

We report a case of anorexia nervosa (AN) with gastroesophageal varices (GEV) in a 36-year-old woman. The patient presented to our hospital with progressive bloating due to severe ascites. She had no history of alcohol intake. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and enhanced computed tomography revealed GEV and multiple hepatic nodules, respectively. The histological examination of a liver biopsy specimen revealed similar features to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and showed hyperplastic nodules that were suspected to be related to the uneven distribution of portal blood flow in the liver. In conclusion, patients with long-term AN should undergo abdominal imaging to detect signs of portal hypertension.     

血清-腹水清蛋白梯度与肿瘤抗原125水平在肝硬化检测中的意义

[目的]探讨肝硬化血清-腹水清蛋白梯度（SAAG）和肿瘤抗原125（CA125）水平与肝损害和腹水蓄量的关系。[方法]肝硬化腹水患者87例,根据Child-Pugh改良计分法判定肝功能损害程度,A级22例,B级38例、C级27例,检测SAAG及腹水CA125水平,分别计算3组的SAAG及CA125均值,结合SAAG和CA125水平,观察腹水再发生的情况。[结果]SAAG和CA125随Child-Pugh肝功能评分的增加均逐渐增高,各组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P≤0.01）,且随着腹水量的增多,SAAG和CA125水平也呈逐渐升高趋势。SAAG和CA125呈正相关,随肝功能的减退逐渐升高。[结论]SAAG和CA125水平可作为反映肝硬化患者肝损害程度的指标之一,并对衡量肝硬化患者的预后,监测肝硬化患者腹水消长有一定的参考价值。     

Two cases of tuberculous peritonitis with liver cirrhosis complicated by refractory ascites

We present two cases of tuberculous peritonitis with liver cirrhosis complicated by refractory ascites. Case 1 was a 59-year-old female with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. She was admitted to our hospital because of diarrhea, anorexia and inflammatory reactions on a blood test. She had a high fever of 38°C or more and refractory ascites. Tubercle bacilli infection was suspected based on increased levels of serum CA125 and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in ascites. Laparoscopic examination showed white nodules on the peritoneum, and histologic study confirmed tuberculous nodules. The same bacteria were isolated from culture of ascites. Case 2 was a 55-year-old female with hepatitis C virus-infected liver cirrhosis. She was admitted because of high fever and abdominal fullness due to ascites. High levels of serum CA125 and ADA in ascites and ineffectiveness of treatment with antibiotics plus diuretics led us to start anti-tuberculous therapy before definitive diagnosis. Tuberculus bacillus was later isolated from culture of ascites. It is difficult to make early diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites due to a lack of specific symptoms. However, determination of serum CA125 and ADA in ascites and the acid-fast bacterial culture of ascites are useful for early diagnosis.