新型冠状病毒肺炎多器官功能损伤机制的研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病原体为新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV),该病毒属于β冠状病毒。与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒一样,2019-nCoV的受体为血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2),重症患者多为有基础疾病老年人的机制可能与人体内幼稚T细胞数量的减少有关。除肺部症状外,COVID-19还可引发多器官(肝脏、神...     

新型冠状病毒感染相关儿童多系统炎症综合征1例

新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)已经在全球广泛传播, 尽管大多数患儿为无症状感染者或轻型病例, 但部分2019-nCoV感染患儿可发生儿童多系统炎症综合征(MIS-C), 导致临床症状快速恶化, 甚至危及生命, 仍需儿科医务工作者重点关注。MIS-C目前多为欧美国家报道, 我国鲜见病例。本文报道1例2019-nCoV感染患儿发生MIS-C, 以消化系统症状最为突出, 合并急性阑尾炎, 最终治愈。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎康复者恢复期血浆临床应用的研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是由2019-新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)引起的新发急性呼吸道传染病,已成为全球性重大公共卫生事件,严重威胁人类健康。到目前为止,针对2019-nCoV的特效抗病毒药物和安全有效的疫苗仍在研发中,因此迫切需要为COVID-19的治疗寻找替代策略。感染性疾病康复者的恢复期血浆(C...     

新型冠状病毒可能导致患者睾丸损伤的原因分析及随访监测

2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在武汉出现及爆发已成为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。COVID-19患者除了典型呼吸道症状外,可能也对睾丸生精功能造成损伤。本文对COVID-19可能致睾丸损伤的原因及随访监测作一综述。     

COVID-19并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）因严重的肺损伤而导致较高的病死率。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)是COVID-19的病原体。COVID-19并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）病情严重,但目前尚缺乏有效治疗方法。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2的病原学特征及COVID-19并发ARDS的病理生理学表现,为其预防和治疗策略的研究提供基础。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肝移植病房管理单中心经验

自2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)影响范围广、感染人数多,在对社会生活造成严重影响的同时,也给医院器官移植病房的管理带来了巨大挑战。肝移植受者术后免疫力低下,新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)易感性可能较普通人群更高。因此,肝移植病房的管理具有其特殊性。COVID-19疫情期间,青岛大学附属医院肝脏移植科医护人员通过学习国家卫生健康委员会发布的COVID-19防控和诊疗方案以及相关指南,加强医护人员自身防护,制订适应疫情形势的住院患者管理流程,完善患者及其家属COVID-19相关知识宣教,建立并优化肝移植病房管理方案。期望通过特殊时期肝移植病房的有效管理,在予肝移植受者科学治疗的同时,有效避免2019-nCoV感染。     

新型冠状病毒疫情期间骨科患者手术器械消毒灭菌与管理的流程与策略

2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)已在世界多地暴发。虽然疫情在我国得到控制,随着复工复产的逐步深入,部分COVID-19患者治愈后"复阳",特别是近1个月以来,境外输入病例逐渐增多,因此疫情防控形势仍然严峻,医疗机构在未来一段时间内仍面临巨大压力。基于2016版《医院消毒供应中心清洗消毒及灭菌技术操作规范》、2012版《医疗机构消毒技术规范》、《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第五版)》及《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》等相关标准,河北医科大学第三医院消毒供应中心制定本科室"新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染复用器械处理流程、2019-nCoV感染器械回收流程、2019-nCoV感染器械转运车处理流程"等应急预案。为疫情防控期间消毒供应中心(CSSD)各项防控管理措施提供参考。     

围术期新型冠状病毒肺炎患者感染防控相关建议解读

由2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是一种传染性极强的感染性疾病。多数新型冠状病毒肺炎患者症状较轻,表现为发热、乏力和干咳等症状,但重症患者可迅速发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、感染性休克、严重的酸中毒和凝血功能紊乱。此类重症患者往往需要行气管插管和机械通气,且部分非重症患者也可能因急诊手术需行全身麻醉。2019-nCoV可通过飞沫、接触和气溶胶等途径在人与人之间进行传播。而气道管理过程中,医务人员可能接触病毒载量很高的呼吸道飞沫和气溶胶,所以具有极高的职业暴露风险。加强围术期医护人员和手术室的感染防控对于预防院内聚集性感染非常重要。中华医学会麻醉学分会和中国医师协会麻醉学医师分会先后制定了《新型冠状病毒肺炎危重型患者气管插管术的专家建议(1.0版)》和《新型冠状病毒肺炎患者围术期麻醉工作指导及感染防控建议》,对围术期和围插管期的感染防控提出了原则性的指导。本文结合这两个建议,以及《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控指南(第五版)》和《普通物体表面消毒剂的卫生要求》,对围术期新型冠状病毒肺炎患者感染防控提出详细的操作性建议,供基层医务人员参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎相关股骨头坏死防治的快速临床建议

一、制订背景(一)新型冠状病毒流行病学及诊治特点新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)为2019年底在湖北省武汉市发现冠状病毒性肺炎病例,现世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)将新型冠状病毒疾病命名为COVID-19。新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株[1]。     

血管紧张素转换酶2在人类高致病性冠状病毒肺炎中作用的研究进展

2019年底爆发的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是一种新发现的人类高致病性冠状病毒。据调查其和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)具有一定的相似性。血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)是SARS-CoV感染细胞的受体,并且可能也是SARS-CoV-2的功能受体。目前发现SARS-CoV可通过刺突蛋白与ACE2结合侵入细胞,同时ACE2在炎症性肺疾病的病程中也起到了重要作用。因此ACE2在SARS及新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)中的可能作用值得讨论。本文简要总结了ACE2在SARS中的作用,讨论了ACE2在COVID-19中可能的作用及感染其他器官的潜在风险,最后针对ACE2的功能探讨了SARS的治疗策略,以期为临床治疗COVID-19提供借鉴和启示。     

Role of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Diffuse Pulmonary Microemboli in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patient

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related hypercoagulability has been of great interest in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many patients have clinical findings of dead-space ventilation, similar to pulmonary embolism. Herein, a patient who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia and whose condition rapidly deteriorated to respiratory failure requiring intubation is described. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered because of concern of pulmonary microemboli, with improvement of respiratory status and extubation within 24 hours. Patients with COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of thrombus formation,¹ and the administration of tPA may benefit these patients by immediately lysing diffuse thrombi and improving gas exchange.     

Coronaviruses: An overview with special emphasis on COVID-19 outbreak with musculoskeletal manifestations

An acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coro-navirus disease 2019(COVID-19), began spreading across China in late December 2019. The disease gained global attention as it spread worldwide. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many studies have focused on the impact of the disease on conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders, and renal malfunction. However, few studies have focused on musculoskeletal disorders related to COVID-19 infection. In this review, we update the current knowledge on the coronavirus with special reference to its effects during and after the pandemic on musculoskeletal aliments, which may inform clinical practice.     

COVID-19 outbreak and surgical practice: The rationale for suspending non-urgent surgeries and role of testing modalities

One-hundred years after the 1918-19 H1N1 flu pandemic and 10 years after the2009 H1N1 flu pandemic, another respiratory virus has now inserted itself into the human population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has become a critical challenge to global health with immense economic and social disruption. In this article we review salient aspects of the coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19) outbreak that are relevant to surgical practice. The emphasis is on considerations during the pre-operative and post-operative periods as well as the utility and limitations of COVID-19 testing. The focus of the media during this pandemic is centered on predictive epidemiologic curves and models. While epidemiologists and infectious disease physicians are at the forefront in the fight against COVID-19, this pandemic is also a "stress test" to evaluate the capacity and resilience of our surgical community in dealing with the challenges imposed to our health system and society. As recently pointed out by Dr. Anthony Fauci,the virus decides the timelines in the models. However, the models can also change based on our decisions and behavior. It is our role as surgeons, to make every effort to bend the curves against the virus' will.     

Impact of COVID-19 and other viruses on reproductive health

Male infertility is linked to some viral infections including human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs). Almost nothing is known about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) effect on fertility. The possible risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on fertility comes from the abundance of angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2), receptor entry of the virus, on testes, a reduction in important sex hormone ratios and COVID-19-associated fever. Recent studies have shown a gender difference for COVID-19 rates and comorbidity. In this review, we will discuss the potential effect of COVID-19 on male fertility and talk about what needs to be done by the scientific community to tackle our limited understanding of the disease. On the other side, we will focus on what is known so far about the risk of COVID-19 on pregnancy, neonatal health and the vertical transfer of the virus between mothers and their neonates. Finally, because reproduction is a human right and infertility is considered a health disease, we will discuss how assisted reproductive clinics can cope with the pandemic and what guidelines they should follow to minimise the risk of viral transmission.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间小儿骨科创伤急诊手术及相关管理措施专家共识

2019年12月以来,以2019冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)为病原体导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者在湖北省武汉市相继出现,并迅速波及全国。陆续的相关报告证实,COVID-19具有强传染性,可通过多种途径传播,包括儿童和青少年在内的所有人群对其普遍易感,这给防控带来巨大的困难。随着疫情的发展,小儿骨科急诊创伤患儿的急诊与住院治疗需求问题日益突显。在武汉市及全国多家抗疫一线小儿骨科医护人员的救治经验基础上,通过查阅已公布的相关防控条例,结合国内外关于2019-nCoV最新研究文献,充分了解其生物学特性和传染特点,综合既往已有的小儿骨科创伤救治原则和循证医学证据,制订本专家共识,为在COVID-19疫情期间对急诊创伤患儿进行手术治疗,制定出系统规范且符合小儿骨科临床实践的临床路径和防控措施,同时也为各级医院从门急诊、住院、手术到术后护理等各环节防控,并安全开展小儿骨科创伤急诊手术处理提供参考依据。     

Successful coronary artery bypass operation in a SARS-COV-2 infected patient with acute coronary syndrome

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is overwhelming healthcare resources and infrastructure worldwide. Earlier reports have demonstrated complicated postoperative courses and high fatality rates in patients undergoing emergent cardiothoracic surgery who were diagnosed postoperatively with COVID-19. These reports raise the possibility that active COVID-19 might precipitate a catastrophic pathophysiological response to infection in the postoperative period and lead to unfavorable surgical outcomes. Hence, it is imperative to screen patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection before surgery and to carefully monitor them in the postoperative period to identify any signs of active COVID-19. In this report, we present the successful outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation in a patient with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting with an acute coronary syndrome and requiring urgent surgical intervention. We employed a thorough strategy to identify subclinical COVID-19 disease, and after confirming the absence of active disease, proceeded with the CABG operation. The patient outcome was successful with the absence of any overt COVID-19 manifestations in the postoperative period.     

Imaging of COVID-19: An update of current evidences

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been reported as a global emergency. As respiratory dysfunction is a major clinical presentation of COVID-19, chest computed tomography (CT) plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19. Recent advances in imaging approaches using artificial intelligence have been essential as a quantification and diagnostic tool to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases. Furthermore, cardiovascular involvement in patients with COVID-19 is not negligible and may result in rapid worsening of the disease and sudden death. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can accurately depict myocardial involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review summarizes the role of the radiology department in the management and the diagnosis of COVID-19, with a special emphasis on ultra-high-resolution CT findings, cardiovascular complications and the potential of artificial intelligence.     

Advanced-glycation end-products axis: A contributor to the risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in diabetes patients

Compelling pieces of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial role of the receptor for advanced-glycation end-products (RAGE) in orchestrating a plethora of proinflammatory cellular responses leading to many of the complications and end-organ damages reported in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many clinical reports have pointed out that DM increases the risk of COVID-19 complications, hospitalization requirements, as well as the overall severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 case-fatality rate. In the present review, we intend to focus on how the basal activation state of the RAGE axis in common preexisting conditions in DM patients such as endothelial dysfunction and hyperglycemia-related prothrombotic phenotype, as well as the contribution of RAGE signaling in lung inflammation, may then lead to the increased mortality risk of COVID-19 in these patients. Additionally, the cross-talk between the RAGE axis with either another severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor molecule different of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or the renin-angiotensin system imbalance produced by viral infection, as well as the role of this multi-ligand receptor on the obesity-associated low-grade inflammation in the higher risk for severe illness reported in diabetes patients with COVID-19, are also discussed.     

Cavitary lung lesions and pneumothorax in a healthy patient with active coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) viral pneumonia

Severe respiratory sequelae drive morbidity-associated with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease. We report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by cavitary lesions and pneumothorax in a young healthy male. Pneumothorax management with catheter thoracostomy and rapid resolution of the cavitary lesions are described. An extensive work-up for other causes a cavitation was negative and the temporal correlation of the cavities with COVID-19 infection plus their rapid resolution suggest a direct relationship. We propose a mechanism for cavitation secondary to microangiopathy, a cause of cavitation in the vasculitides and a known feature of COVID-19.