新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折诊疗流程

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情给当今我国乃至全世界造成巨大影响并仍在延续,而老年患者病情相对较重。骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)发病率逐年增高,造成巨大的社会经济负担。因此,在COVID-19疫情期间,制定合理规范的诊疗流程,为OVCF患者以及医务人员提供安全有效的保障是当务之急。基于国家卫生健康委员会最新的诊疗规范以及目前国内外关于抗击COVID-19疫情和OVCF诊疗原则的最新文献和循证医学证据,制定本诊疗流程。     

突发公共卫生事件下的口腔正畸临床诊疗管理

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在全球多个国家和地区扩散,世界卫生组织宣布此次疫情为"全球大流行"。口腔诊疗操作存在特殊性,新型冠状病毒感染的风险较高。口腔正畸诊疗和常规口腔诊疗相比,在诊疗方法流程和医患心理状态方面都有自身特点。该文就突发公共卫生事件期间及事件后一段时间内口腔正畸临床诊疗管理体系的建立展开讨论,重点论述医师对突发公共卫生事件期间正畸患者突发情况的管理和心理干预,以期为突发公共卫生事件下合理有效开展口腔正畸临床诊疗提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间实施乳腺癌手术管理流程策略调整探讨

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)疫情期间实施乳腺癌手术管理流程策略调整,总结经验。方法依据《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)》《绵阳市中心医院新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控期间手术工作制度(第二版)》等,绵阳市中心医院乳腺外科制定了疫情期间乳腺癌手术管理流程调整策略和方案。结果于2020年1月25日至2020年2月11日期间笔者所在医院施行乳腺癌手术8例,均为女性,平均年龄45岁。其中5例行乳腺癌改良根治术,2例行保乳手术+前哨淋巴结活检术,1例行保乳手术+腋窝淋巴结清扫术。8例患者均经空心针穿刺活检诊断为乳腺浸润性导管癌,患者术后均顺利恢复,未出现并发症,按计划出院,无患者及医务人员出现新型冠状病毒感染。结论 NCP疫情时期,通过调整手术管理流程策略,可以进行乳腺癌手术,并可有效防控疫情。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间我国孕产妇心理健康状况调查

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间我国孕产妇心理健康状况,并探讨其影响因素。方法2020年2月22日至3月5日,采用患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表、广泛性焦虑量表、一般健康问卷对全国12省市的1261例孕产妇进行调查。结果孕产妇抑郁发生率为27.7%,焦虑发生率14.3%,焦虑、抑郁与心理健康呈正相关(均P<0.01)。因疫情延误产检、疫情对围生期的影响是孕产妇抑郁、焦虑的的共同危险因素。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,我国孕产妇焦虑、抑郁的发生率较高,影响因素较多。应重视孕产妇心理状态,进行个体化干预措施。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下手术室感染控制与管理

目的优化新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下手术流程,规范手术室感染控制管理方案。 方法规划手术方案,拟定管理流程,科学防控,精准施策。 结果按制定的手术室感染控制管理方案,在疫情期间开展的手术,做到手术室安全、病人安全、医护人员安全,无院内交叉感染发生。 结论制定的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下手术室感染控制与管理流程方案,保障了手术患者和医护人员的安全,避免发生院内交叉感染。     

新冠肺炎疫情防控期间急诊腹部多发伤一体化救治管理及对策

探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎（NCP）疫情期间急诊科接诊腹部多发伤的安全防护管理及高效救治流程及对策。制定规划急诊科安全防护管理方案及腹部多发伤一体化救治方案,制定急诊科疫情防控标准管理流程及腹部多发伤一体化救治管理流程,在把好预防NCP“四个安全防护管理环节”上,做到确保病区安全,避免院内交叉感染的发生;通过实施以上救治措施,提高了救治效果、降低了死亡率。按照全防护管理流程及腹部多发伤一体化救治管理流程保证了NCP疫情期间急诊科病区安全、医护人员安全、患者和陪护家属安全,无疫情不良事件发生,同时显著提高了腹部多发伤患者的抢救成功率。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间糖尿病足病多学科诊疗策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情正处于暴发和相持相交替的关键阶段。糖尿病足病(以下简称糖尿病足)是常见的严重糖尿病慢性并发症,诊治难度大且常需要多学科协作,在COVID-19疫情背景下,糖尿病足诊治面临着新的严峻形势。糖尿病足患者比一般人群更容易患COVID-19,而对于合并糖尿病足的COVID-19患者在糖尿病足处理和COVID-19处理上都更为困难。此外,COVID-19疫情期间糖尿病足诊疗的医疗资源相对减少,而多数糖尿病足患者需要长期门诊随访,部分患者需要限期手术或急诊手术。医护人员需要依据新形势对糖尿病足患者采取新的诊疗流程和措施。本文结合武汉等地多家医院的一线COVID-19和糖尿病足患者诊治经验,参考相关诊疗方案和专家共识,对COVID-19疫情下糖尿病足的多学科诊疗策略进行归纳总结。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间关节外科疾病诊疗思考

目前,中国上下都积极投身于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的疫情防控,其致病体为2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)。关节外科疾病与人们日常生活紧密相关,亦属于高发疾病,有些患者需要急诊手术。COVID-19疫情期间,关节外科医师应按照相关指南和诊疗常规,并着眼于当前形势,做好关节外科疾病的分类诊疗,选择适当的治疗方式;同时优化诊治流程,根据不同的风险等级做好自身防护措施。建议关节外科疾病患者尽量通过电话或者网络进行就诊、随诊,需要手术的患者按照流程就诊,并配合治疗。     

新型冠状病毒疫情期间骨科患者手术器械消毒灭菌与管理的流程与策略

2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)已在世界多地暴发。虽然疫情在我国得到控制,随着复工复产的逐步深入,部分COVID-19患者治愈后"复阳",特别是近1个月以来,境外输入病例逐渐增多,因此疫情防控形势仍然严峻,医疗机构在未来一段时间内仍面临巨大压力。基于2016版《医院消毒供应中心清洗消毒及灭菌技术操作规范》、2012版《医疗机构消毒技术规范》、《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第五版)》及《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》等相关标准,河北医科大学第三医院消毒供应中心制定本科室"新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染复用器械处理流程、2019-nCoV感染器械回收流程、2019-nCoV感染器械转运车处理流程"等应急预案。为疫情防控期间消毒供应中心(CSSD)各项防控管理措施提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间剖宫产产妇围术期心理状况调查

正随着新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情的发展,国内出现了疑似或确诊新冠肺炎的孕产妇。由于孕产妇妊娠期间处于特殊免疫耐受状态,是新型冠状病毒的易感人群,并可能转化为重症患者,且发热通常伴有胎心率增快,导致胎儿宫内缺氧[1-2],由此可能导致产妇产生焦虑抑郁的情绪。因此,新冠肺炎疫情期间孕产妇围术期的心理问题需要得到临床医师关注。本文旨在比较温州地区COVID-19疫情爆发及缓解期间医院内剖宫产手术孕产妇围术期的心理状况。     

奥马哈系统在门诊妊娠期高血压孕产妇中的应用效果

目的 分析奥马哈系统在门诊妊娠期高血压孕产妇中的应用效果。方法 选择2020年4月-2021年2月 在我院门诊建卡的70例妊娠期高血压孕产妇为研究对象，根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，各35 例。对照组按照产科门诊护理规范进行护理，观察组实施奥马哈系统护理模式干预，比较两组血压变化情 况、就诊中存在的问题、护理记录的吻合度。结果 观察组血压状况优于对照组（ P ＜0.05）；观察组就诊 中生理领域、健康相关领域、环境领域、心理领域存在的问题少于对照组（ P ＜0.05）；观察组护理记录的 吻合度高于对照组（ P ＜0.05）。结论 对门诊妊娠期高血压孕产妇应用基于奥马哈系统的护理干预有利于 控制孕产妇的血压状况，减少就诊过程中存在的问题，优化就诊流程。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间创伤骨科患者处理要点

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情严峻,虽一定程度上限制了人员流动,但仍不可避免骨折患者、尤其是低能量损伤老年患者来医院就诊。在此特殊时期,创伤骨科医师应如何在常规的诊疗方式中结合新型冠状病毒肺炎的防控,做好创伤患者围手术期管理,选择合理的术式及麻醉方式,对于患者的预后及疫情的防控至关重要。在做好诊断、治疗、护理、康复等流程的同时,医务人员如何做好自身的防护,避免出现聚集性传播,也是必须要面对的问题。该文从创伤骨科医、护、患三者出发,结合多学科综合干预模式,对当前疫情期间如何做好创伤骨科患者的防治工作进行简要阐述。     

Clinical and microbiological features of maternal sepsis: a retrospective study

BackgroundIdentifying pregnant women with sepsis is challenging because diagnostic clinical and laboratory criteria overlap with normal pregnant physiologic indices. Our primary study aim was to describe clinical and laboratory characteristics of women diagnosed with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Our secondary aim was to determine positive predictive values for International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 billing codes for sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.MethodsAfter gaining Institutional Review Board approval, we identified women with ICD-9 codes for sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock who were admitted to a single tertiary obstetric center from 2007–2013. Diagnoses were confirmed using criteria from the International Sepsis Definitions Conference report. Demographic, obstetric, vital signs and laboratory data were abstracted by medical chart review.ResultsWe identified 190 women with sepsis-related ICD-9 codes: of these, 35 (18%) women met the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. Twenty (57%) women had a sepsis-related diagnosis after cesarean delivery. Twenty-one (60%) women had one or more pre-existing medical conditions and 19 (54%) women had one or more obstetric-related conditions. The genital tract was the most common site of infection. We observed considerable heterogeneity in maternal vital signs and laboratory indices for women with ICD-9 codes for sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. The positive predictive value for each sepsis-related ICD-9 code was low: 16% (95% CI 10 to 24%) for sepsis, 10% (95% CI 3 to 25%) for severe sepsis and 24% (95% CI 10 to 46%) for septic shock.ConclusionWe identified marked heterogeneity in patient characteristics, clinical features, laboratory indices and microbiological findings among cohorts of women diagnosed with maternal sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. Based on our findings, the incidence of maternal sepsis using ICD-9 codes may be significantly overestimated.     

Treatment-seeking behaviour and social status of women with pelvic organ prolapse, 4th-degree obstetric tears,and obstetric fistula in western Uganda

Introduction and hypothesis

This study looks at a trilogy of women’s health issues including severe pelvic organ prolapse, unrepaired 4th degree obstetric tears and obstetric fistula, all of which can cause significant suffering in the lives of women and their families.

Methods

Women undergoing surgery for severe pelvic organ prolapse, unrepaired 4th degree obstetric tears and obstetric fistulae, were interviewed to assess their perceptions of what caused their condition, subsequent impact on their social situation and sexual activity, and whether they had sought treatment previously.

Results

One hundred fifty women participated in the survey, including 69 undergoing surgery for genito-urinary fistula, 25 with faecal incontinence only (including 24 women with unrepaired 4th degree obstetric tears and 1 woman with an isolated rectovaginal fistula), and 56 women with severe pelvic organ prolapse. All groups of women were exposed to abandonment by their families with 42 % of women with genito-urinary fistula, 21 % with unrepaired 4th degree obstetric tear, and 25 % of women with severe pelvic organ prolapse rejected by their husbands. Most of the women had actively sought treatment for their condition with no success due to unavailability of treatment or misinformation.

Conclusions

This study confirms the social stigma associated with obstetric fistula, however also highlights the social stigma faced by women suffering with severe pelvic organ prolapse and unrepaired 4th degree obstetric tears in western Uganda. There is an urgent need for education and training in obstetric management and pelvic organ prolapse management in such areas of limited resources.     

妊娠晚期合并水痘对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠晚期合并水痘对妊娠结局的影响。 方法收集2011年1月至2014年11月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院妊娠晚期合并水痘的住院孕妇15例,回顾性分析水痘-带状疱疹病毒对母婴的影响。 结果15例晚期妊娠合并水痘的患者中,孕29～34周患者5例（占33.3%）,均无严重并发症,经积极治疗10～14 d痊愈出院,足月后3例孕妇自然分娩,2例孕妇剖宫产分娩,产妇无不良结局,新生儿阿氏评分、体重均在正常范围,随访新生儿30 d无水痘感染病例。孕37～40周患者10例（占66.7%）,治疗过程中分娩8例,其中4例孕妇剖宫产分娩,4例孕妇自然临产分娩;孕妇感染7 d内分娩者3例,感染7 d以上分娩者5例,其中孕妇感染第5天自然分娩的1例新生儿感染水痘,经积极治疗痊愈出院,其余7例新生儿阿氏评分、体重均在正常范围,随访30 d均无水痘感染;8例产妇治疗7～10 d均痊愈出院;另外2例孕妇水痘痊愈后外院分娩,追访母儿分娩顺利,新生儿随访30 d无水痘感染。孕29～34周和孕37～40周感染水痘的两组孕妇,足月后分娩的新生儿水痘感染率分别为0%和10%,差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.048）。 结论妊娠晚期合并水痘的孕妇应积极给予抗病毒和对症治疗以减轻临床症状、避免出现严重并发症,同时尽量推迟分娩,以减少新生儿水痘的发生。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发流行中心疫区急腹症诊治经验

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下在中心疫区开展急腹症诊治的临床效果,总结临床经验。方法回顾性分析2020年1月24日至2020年2月29日华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院急诊收治和院内会诊的急腹症病人的临床处置和预后,随访结束时间为2020年3月8日。结果2020年1月24日至2020年2月29日已处置腹痛为主要表现的急腹症病人19例,其中,合并COVID-19病人(确诊及疑似病例)5例。19例病人中,有急诊手术指征并行急诊手术处置的9例,恢复顺利者7例,死亡2例,其中确诊COVID-19病人行急诊手术处置1例,死亡1例;行保守治疗并密切观察病情变化者10例(包括4例COVID-19病人),均恢复良好;随访至今未见密切接触上述COVID-19病人的医护人员出现感染表现。结论COVID-19疫情期间在中心疫区诊治急腹症病人时无论其是否是COVID-19病人都做到仔细检查,严格把握手术指征,术中熟练操作,术后密切监护及观察,同时做好医护人员个人防护。     

胎盘植入62例临床分析

目的对北京协和医院胎盘植入病例的临床处理和结局进行分析。方法对2011年1月至2013年12月北京协和医院收治的胎盘植入病例62例进行回顾性病例分析。并对其中我院分娩的45例孕妇,根据超声或核磁共振结果,分为产前疑诊组和产前未疑诊组,比较两组患者一般情况及产科并发症发生情况。结果 62例胎盘植入病例中,24.2%合并剖宫产史,66.1%合并人工流产史。胎盘部分或全部残留占35.5%,合并产后出血51.6%,严重产后出血共7例。子宫切除共6例。产前疑诊胎盘植入病例合并剖宫产史者显著高于产前未疑诊病例(P=0.043);产前疑诊组合并前置胎盘、产后出血、胎盘穿透发生率均高于未疑诊组,但无统计学差异(P0.05)。6例子宫切除病例中有3例合并中央性前置胎盘,1例胎盘穿透,4例严重产后出血。结论剖宫产史和人工流产史是胎盘植入和胎盘穿透的高危因素,产前疑诊胎盘植入病例有助于制定分娩和抢救计划,以避免严重产科并发症的发生。     

Clinical analysis of genital human papillomavirus infection in pregnancy

Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the pregnant women and whether a woman with persistent HPV infection may get pregnant or not.Methods: Forty-five patients with genital HPV infection during pregnancy attending this hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Among forty-five patients with genital HPV infection, 26 (58%) had genital warts, 18 (38%) had pathological changes but no symptoms and 1 (4%) was in a latent infection checked by HPV-DNA without symptom and pathological changes. 10 (22%) patients had other genital infections simultaneously. Only 16 (36%) of the patients had undergone the treatment of drug, laser, cryosurgery or surgery. 39 patients, including 3 patients with persistent HPV infection, had a full-term pregnancy. No respiratory papillomatosis cases were identified in any infants. In follow-up, 3 patients still had genital warts. 13 patients had thinprep cytologic test again and the results of 4 patients were abnormal. 5 patients had hybrid capture (HC2) again and 2 were positive.Conclusion: Respiratory papillomatosis cases were rare in the children with a maternal history of genital HPV infection during pregnancy. Pregnant women with genital HPV infection often had other genital infections. The patients with persistent HPV infection may try to get pregnant when virus burden is low.     

放置双J管治疗孕妇输尿管结石并发顽固性肾绞痛15例报告

目的 探讨放置双J管治疗孕妇输尿管结石并发肾绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法 2000—2004年行局麻下放置输尿管双J管治疗15例常规方法治疗无效的肾绞痛孕妇。患者年龄23～35岁，平均28岁。初诊时孕周8～26周，平均20周。结石最大径3～15mm。均有典型肾绞痛症状，经解痉镇痛治疗无效。结果 15例患者在膀胱镜或输尿管镜下逆行置入输尿管双J管后肾绞痛症状均缓解。其中2例双J管自动滑出，反复置管2～3次。3例存在患侧腰区轻度不适，1例出现间歇性肉眼血尿。无产科并发症。15例孕妇均顺利足月分娩。分娩后，6例发现结石自行排出，6例行输尿管镜激光碎石术，3例行体外冲击波碎石术治疗。15例患者双J管留置时间3～7个月，平均5个月。结论 对于保守治疗不能缓解的输尿管结石并发肾绞痛孕妇，置人输尿管双J管是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

The identification of key indicators to drive quality improvement in obstetric anaesthesia: results of the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association/National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit collaborative Delphi project

A three-stage Delphi survey process was undertaken to identify the quality indicators considered the most relevant to obstetric anaesthesia. The initial quality indicators assessed were derived from national peer-reviewed publications and were divided into service provision, service quality and clinical outcomes. A range of stakeholders were invited to participate and divided into three panels: obstetric anaesthetists; other maternity care health professionals; and women who had used maternity services. In total, 133 stakeholders registered to participate with 80% completing all three phases of the survey process. Participants ranked indicators for their relative importance using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation scale. From an initial list of 31 quality indicators, 11 indicators were rated as extremely important by > 90% of participants in at least two panels. These 11 indicators were presented to stakeholders; they were asked to vote for the five indicators they considered most relevant and useful for assessing and benchmarking the quality of obstetric anaesthesia provided. The indicators chosen were: the percentage of women who had an epidural/combined spinal-epidural for labour analgesia with accidental dural puncture; the presence of guidelines for the referral of patients to an anaesthetist for antenatal review; whether there are dedicated elective caesarean section lists; the availability of point-of-care testing for estimation of haemoglobin concentration; and the percentage of epidurals for labour analgesia that provided adequate pain relief within 45 min of the start of epidural insertion. These indicators may be used for quality improvement and national benchmarking to support the implementation of quality standards in obstetric anaesthesia.