低高频联合重复经颅磁刺激对老年脑梗死患者吞咽障碍及相关肌群肌电活动的影响

探讨低高频联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对老年脑梗死患者吞咽障碍及相关肌群肌电活动的影响.脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者192例,随机分为联合组、低频组及高频组,每组64例.3组患者均接受传统吞咽康复训练.在此基础上,联合组给予健侧半球1 Hz低频rTMS刺激和患侧半球10 Hz高频rTMS刺激,低频组给予健侧低频rTMS刺激和...     

针刺结合低频重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍的影响

目的:观察针刺配合低频重复经颅磁刺激(low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,LF-rTMS)对脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍的影响.方法:采用随机数字表法将脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍的患者分为联合组、rTMS组以及针刺组每组20例.针刺组给予针刺配合常规康复治疗,rTMS组给予常规康复和LF-rTMS治疗,联合组在针刺组治疗的基础上辅以LF-rTMS治疗,刺激部位为健侧半球的M1区(大脑运动皮质的上肢运动功能代表区),刺激频率为1.0 Hz.于治疗前、治疗4周后采用简易Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl-Meyer Assessment,FMA)(上肢部分)、Wolf运动功能测试量表(Wolf Motor Function Test,WMFT)评分评价疗效.结果:rTMS组治疗前后FMA评分和WMFT评分分别为4.65±1.66,7.45±2.63和0.85±1.57,10.05±4.02,针刺组分别为4.45±0.89,5.80±1.74和0.6±1.23,6.75±2.07,联合组分别为4.60±0.75,13.55±2.56和0.95±2.06,8.95±3.90.3组治疗前后FMA评分和WMFT评分均有提高,差异均具有统计学意义(p＜0.05);组间对比发现,治疗后rTMS组WMFT评分优于针刺组,FMA评分不优于针刺组;联合组FMA评分和WMFT评分均优于针刺组和rTMS组,组间差异具均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:针刺配合1 Hz rTMS可显著促进脑卒中后偏瘫上肢运动功能的恢复.     

针刺结合低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后肩痛的临床疗效

目的:观察针刺配合低频重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)对脑卒中后肩关节疼痛治疗的影响.方法:采用随机数字表法将脑卒中后肩关节疼痛患者分为联合组、rTMS组以及针刺组(n=20).针刺组给予针刺配合常规康复治疗,rTMS组给予常规康复和rTMS刺激治疗,联合组在针刺组治疗的基础上辅以rTMS刺激治疗,rTMS刺激部位为健侧半球的M1区(大脑运动皮质的上肢运动功能代表区),刺激频率为1.0 Hz.于治疗前、治疗4周后采用简易Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl-Meyer Assessment,FMA)(上肢部分)、视觉类比评分法(VisualAnalogue Scale,VAS)评定患者上肢运动功能和疼痛情况.结果:rTMS刺激组治疗前后FMA和VAS评分分别为4.55±0.83,7.90±0.79和6.90±0.91,4.45±0.51;针刺组治疗前后FMA和VAS评分分别为4.50±0.76,11.60±1.27和6.80±0.95,3.20±0.52;联合组治疗前后FMA和VAS评分分别为4.70±0.80,18.0±1.45和6.85±0.99,1.75±0.45.3组治疗后FMA评分均有提高,VAS评分均有降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间对比发现,治疗后,联合组及针刺组FMA,VAS评分均优于rTMS刺激组,联合组FMA,VAS评分优于针刺组,组间差异具均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:针刺配合1 Hz的rTMS可显著减轻脑卒中后肩关节疼痛.     

富集自体骨髓干细胞移植与髓芯减压治疗缺血性股骨头坏死患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子2、缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子的变化

背景：缺血性股骨头坏死以股骨头血液供应不足为主要病因。髓芯减压术属于临床常用治疗手段,有研究发现采用自体骨髓干细胞移植能较好地改善髋关节功能,二者联合应用可促使患者尽早恢复。 目的：观察自体骨髓干细胞移植联合髓芯减压治疗早期缺血性股骨头坏死的疗效以及血清成纤维细胞生长因子2、缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子水平。 方法：选取2016年1月至2018年1月收治的62例早期缺血性股骨头坏死患者进行研究,参照随机数字表法分为研究组(n=31)和对照组(n=31),对照组给予细针多孔道髓芯减压术治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗,观察两组患者治疗前后Harris评分、目测类比评分、血清成纤维细胞生长因子2、缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子水平及不良反应发生情况。 结果与结论：①两组患者治疗后3,6,12个月Harris评分均高于治疗前(P < 0.05),研究组高于对照组(P < 0.05);②两组患者治疗后3,6,12个月目测类比评分均低于治疗前(P < 0.05),研究组治疗后3,6个月目测类比评分低于对照组(P < 0.05);③两组患者治疗后3,6,12个月血清成纤维细胞生长因子2水平高于治疗前(P < 0.05),研究组高于对照组(P < 0.05);缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子水平明显低于治疗前(P < 0.05),研究组低于对照组(P < 0.05);④两组患者治疗后不良反应发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤结果表明自体骨髓干细胞移植联合髓芯减压治疗早期缺血性股骨头坏死,可有效改善髋关节功能,促进股骨头坏死区修复,减轻患者疼痛,提高成纤维细胞生长因子2水平,降低缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子水平。 ORCID: 0000-0001-9884-7530(张景义) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

时间相干电场的外周神经无损刺激

外周神经电刺激可用于运动康复和慢性神经痛治疗,但目前具有空间选择性的无损刺激仍是一个有待解决的问题。提出一种基于时间相干(TI)电场的外周神经选择性无损电刺激方法,对大鼠坐骨神经进行实验,在其大腿腹侧与背侧皮肤上以平行于神经的方向布置刺激电极,通过相干电场扫描,将TI刺激峰值定位到神经上进行选择性刺激。结果表明,该方法可以在预先不知道神经确切位置的情况下通过扫描得出将刺激电场作用到神经的最佳电参数,从而实现对神经的选择性无损刺激,而且在刺激作用点不变的前提下实现刺激强度的控制。在此基础上研究TI电场对大鼠坐骨神经的刺激阈值I_T,测量固定频差Δf=0.5 Hz(n=12),改变频率f=1～6 kHz与固定f=5 kHz(n=11),改变频差Δf=0.5～10 Hz下的I_T,并将其和等幅kHz电场(n=7)的I_T进行比较。结果表明,等幅kHz电场的I_T显著高于TI电场(P<0.05),而且不同频率f下的I_T也有显著性差异(P<0.05),而不同频差Δf下的I_T却没有显著性差异(P>0.05),说明TI电流对大鼠坐骨神经的I_T受f影响而不受Δf影响,且刺激阈值I_T与频率f成正比关系。     

rTMS联合运动训练对静息态脑网络影响的研究

重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合运动训练可以提高肢体运动能力,在脑卒中后的运动康复中有重要的应用价值。探讨rTMS联合运动训练对静息态脑网络的影响。招募10名健康受试者,使用1 Hz rTMS刺激优势半球,结束后非利手立即执行运动训练,以提高非利手的运动能力,rTMS联合运动训练共持续14天。采集rTMS联合运动训练前后闭目静息态的脑电(EEG)信号,使用相位延迟指数(PLI)进行功能连接性分析,并以PLI值为边的权重计算依据来建立有权无向脑网络,计算网络节点的最短路径长度和节点效率,使用非参数符号秩和检验进行统计学分析。结果发现,rTMS联合运动训练使EEG低频段(theta和alpha)脑功能区间的连接显著增加、高频段(beta、gamma₁和gamma₂)显著降低,对脑功能区内的连接影响较小。特别地,采取rTMS联合运动训练,使alpha频段非优势侧中央区与优势侧额叶区(训练前0.141 4±0.102 5,训练后0.217 2±0.134 7,P<0.05)、非优势侧额叶区(训练前0.141 0±0.109 9,训练后0.205 9±0.136 1,P <0.05)的功能连接性显著增加。网络特征结果显示,节点效率在低频段增加、高频段降低,而节点最短路径长度表现出相反的结果,其中gamma₂频段在双侧中央区的节点效率(左中央区,实验前0.060 0±0.000 3,实验后0.042 9±0.001 3,P <0.05;右中央区,实验前0.060 7±0.002 3,实验后0.041 9±0.002 4,P <0.05)和最短路径长度(左中央区,实验前18.539 0±0.457 1,实验后28.585 8±1.001 4,P<0.05;右中央区,实验前18.650 8±0.438 6,实验后28.853 0±1.652 6,P <0.05)发生显著性的改变。通过该项研究,加深对rTMS联合运动训练促进运动能力神经机制的理解,为未来探究其对脑卒中、脑损伤患者脑活动的影响提供帮助。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合西酞普兰治疗难治性强迫症随机对照研究

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)合并西酞普兰对难治性强迫症患者的疗效和不良反应。方法被试入组后随机分配到联合治疗组(rTMS+西酞普兰联合治疗)和药物治疗组(西酞普兰单独治疗)。西酞普兰治疗范围为20～60mg/d,起始剂量20mg/d,在2周内渐增至40～60mg/d。联合治疗组治疗时使用rTMS真刺激,刺激部位为右侧背外侧额叶,刺激频率为10HZ,刺激强度为100%运动阈值。药物治疗组治疗时使用rTMS伪刺激。观察疗效6周。采用Y-BOCS、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,盲法评定。采用副反应量表(TESS)评价不良反应。结果联合治疗组基本痊愈5(14.71%)例,显著进步13(41.18%)例,好转7(23.53%)例,无效7(20.59%)例。药物治疗组基本痊愈2(6.45%)例,显著进步6(19.35%)例,好转11(35.48%)例,无效12(38.71%)例。两组疗效比较以联合治疗组较好(χ2=6.036,P=0.049)。两组治疗前Y-BOCS、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);两组治疗后各量表评分均显著下降(P均0.01),以合用组下降更明显(P0.05)。两组TESS评分比较在治疗2、4、6及8周末,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论右侧额叶背外侧rTMS刺激结合西酞普兰治疗难治性强迫症疗效优于单纯西酞普兰治疗。     

颈前路零切迹与钢板椎间融合系统治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病疗效比较

目的 比较颈前路零切迹椎间融合系统(Zero-P)和颈前路钢板椎间融合系统(PCB)治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照试验方法对2012年8月—2014年10月63例前路手术治疗的单节段脊髓型颈椎病患者进行研究。63例患者按随机数字表法分为Zero-P组(32例)和PCB组(31例)分别行Zero-P和PCB治疗。观察两组手术时间、术中失血、椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角、JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)和远期并发症,远期并发症包括螺钉位置丢失、吞咽困难和骨性融合不佳。结果 Zero-P组中1例因随访丢失予以剔除,最终每组均有31例研究对象。两组患者性别、年龄、手术节段、椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角、JOA评分、NDI评分差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。病例随访时间均大于12个月,Zero-P系统组随访时间(15.52±1.93)个月;PCB组随访(16.10±2.33)个月,差异无统计学意义(t=1.069,P>0.05)。Zero-P组、PCB组手术时间分别为(63.45±10.87)、(85.97±12.04)min,术中出血量分别为(44.35±11.53)、(66.26±19.62)mL,差异均有统计学意义(t=7.730、5.358,P值均<0.01)。两组患者手术后及末次随访时的恢复椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);两组间在手术后和末次随访时,恢复椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角水平差异均无统计意义(P值均>0.05),但在末次随访时PCB组在术后维持Cobb角方面更有优势(P＜0.05)。末次随访时两组JOA评分、NDI评分均较术前明显改善(P值均＜0.05),Zero-P组的NDI评分改善程度优于PCB组(P＜0.01)。至末次随访,两组病例均获骨性融合,其中PCB组出现2例螺钉位置丢失、3例吞咽困难,远期并发症方面Zero-P组优于PCB组(P＜0.05)。结论 Zero-P和PCB在治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病均可获得较满意的治疗效果。Zero-P组具有手术较简易、颈椎功能保留多、螺钉位置丢失和吞咽困难的相关的远期并发症发生率较低的优点。而较之Zero-P,PCB能够更好地维持颈椎术后生理曲度。     

肌电反馈功能性电刺激治疗急性期脑梗死 手功能障碍的效果

目的 研究肌电反馈功能性电刺激治疗急性期脑梗死手功能障碍的临床效果。方法 抽取新余市人民医院康复医学科2017年8月~2018年2月内接诊的急性期脑梗死手功能障碍患者90例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组45例。对照组给予常规康复治疗,观察组加用肌电反馈功能性电刺激治疗,比较两组治疗前及治疗后不同时间点上肢运动功能评分变化、日常生活能力评分变化以及10s抓握测试情况。结果 观察组治疗2、4、8周后上肢运动功能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组日常生活能力评分均有所上升,观察组患者评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者10s抓握测试次数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 肌电反馈功能性电刺激治疗急性期脑梗死手功能障碍疾病有助于提高患者上肢运动功能和日常生活能力,增加10s抓握测试次数,促进恢复。     

髓芯减压联合纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66杆治疗股骨头坏死的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨髓芯减压联合纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(n-HA/PA66)杆及多孔生物玻璃骨移植物治疗股骨头坏死的效果。方法 本实验为前瞻性研究。纳入西安交通大学第二附属医院骨一科2009年1月—2013年7月收治的股骨头坏死患者64例(84髋),采用信封法行简单随机分组,分为髓芯减压联合n-HA/PA66杆及多孔生物玻璃骨移植物组(治疗组,29例38髋)及髓芯减压联合自体松质骨移植组(对照组,35例46髋)。收集两组患者的临床及影像学资料,比较两组患者手术前后Harris髋关节评分(HHS)、VAS及其变化,随访终点时临床及影像学失败率,并应用生存曲线分析两组髋关节生存率。结果 两组患者术前VAS、HHS评分差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);随访终点时,治疗组VAS、HHS评分均优于对照组(P值均<0.01);与术前比较,两组随访终点VAS、HHS评分有显著改善(P值均＜0.01)。两组除Steinberg ⅡB、ⅡC、ⅢA患者间术前与术后随访终点HHS评分的变化差异均有统计学意义(t=2.901、2.242、4.435,P值均＜0.05)外,其余分期两组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。两组除Steinberg ⅡB、ⅡC、ⅢA患者间术前与术后随访终点VAS评分的变化差异有统计学意义(t=2.933、2.119、3.513,P值均＜0.05)外,其余分期两组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线发现,在随访期内治疗组髋关节生存率高于对照组,经Log-rank检验提示两组之间髋关节生存率差异有统计学意义( χ²=6.753,P<0.05)。治疗组影像学失败率为21.05%(8/38),低于对照组的45.65%(21/46);临床失败率23.68%(9/38),亦低于对照组的52.17%(24/46);差异均有统计学意义( χ²=5.571、7.081,P值均＜0.05)。结论 髓芯减压联合n-HA/PA66杆及多孔生物玻璃骨移植物法可以显著缓解股骨头坏死患者髋关节疼痛,改善髋关节功能,并阻止股骨头塌陷。由于本手术方法对股骨头坏死治疗效果可能与其Steinberg分期有关,推荐将该方法应用于早、中期股骨头坏死患者。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.