梧州口岸蚊类调查报告

目的:为了解梧州口岸蚊类种群构成及季节消长情况，为蚊类防制、传染病监测提供依据。方法人工诱捕法和紫外灯诱捕法，同时采用蚊媒集卵器进行蚊幼监测。结果：捕获蚊类1科4属24种，白纹伊蚊为优势种，其次为致倦库蚊，再次为中华按蚊，5月和8月为蚊类活动的高峰期。结论：通过一年的调查，基本摸清梧州口岸蚊类的种群构成及季节消长等情况。     

梅州口岸蚊类调查报告

目的掌握梅州口岸蚊类的种群及其季节消长情况,为防控传染病提供科学依据。方法成蚊调查采用人工小时法,蚊幼采用集卵器法进行监测。结果通过一年的调查,共捕获蚊类268只,经鉴定有3属4种,致倦库蚊为优势种,其次为白纹伊蚊和中华按蚊,7月为蚊类活动的最高峰。结论初步摸清梅州口岸蚊类的基本情况,蚊类调查对于防止蚊媒传染病的发生具有重要作用,在繁殖高峰到来之前适时灭蚊,有效降低蚊密度。     

2008—2009年广州萝岗口岸蚊类调查

〔目的〕掌握广州市萝岗口岸蚊类的种群构成、不同生境密度分布及其季节消长情况,为口岸媒介生物的有效防控及其传染病的有效控制提供依据。〔方法〕按照国家质量监督检验检疫总局《国境口岸医学媒介生物本底调查方法》,采用人工小时法和人帐诱捕法对蚊类孳生和栖息地进行为期1年的调查。〔结果〕捕获成蚊2690只,经鉴定隶属2亚科3属6种,致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,占78.74%,其次分别为白纹伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊和褐尾库蚊;全年平均蚊密度为28.2只/人工·h,全年以在建新办公楼蚊密度最高,为53只/人工·h;成蚊季节消长高峰期在4～6月份,白纹伊蚊季节消长高峰期在6～8月份。〔结论〕本次调查得出较为详细的口岸蚊媒本底资料,为今后蚊媒防治工作提供切实的技术指导,当前灭蚊工作的重点是加强对车检场的卫生监督,消灭蚊虫滋生地。     

宁德口岸伊蚊监测分析

目的了解宁德港区蚊类生物的种群分布及季节消长情况,为开展口岸登革热疫情输入风险评估工作提供参考。方法采用人工小时法、100 ml计数法、幼虫指数调查法。结果共捕获成蚊296只,其中白纹伊蚊占93.2%,致倦库蚊5.07%,骚扰阿蚊1.69%。成蚊平均密度为18.5只/人工小时,幼虫平均密度为1.69只/100 ml,平均布雷图指数(BI)为8.12。结论该地的伊蚊密度有可能引起登革热的暴发,应加强口岸蚊类的防治及口岸热带传染病的监测工作。     

横琴口岸蚊类种群及季节消长调查

[目的]掌握横琴口岸蚊类的种群及其季节消长情况,为蚊类防制、蚊媒传染病监测和口岸卫生监督工作提供科学依据.[方法]采用人工诱蚊法,用吸蚊管进行定点、定人、定时人工诱捕,从2000年5月～2001年4月对横琴口岸的蚊类进行了为期1年的调查.[结果]共捕获蚊类4属8种,分别是致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊、二带喙库蚊、白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊、骚扰阿蚊和巨型阿蚊.其中致倦库蚊为优势种,占捕获成蚊总数的48.35％;其次为三带喙库蚊,占构成总数的32.6％.蚊类年平均密度0.61只／人工小时.横琴口岸全年均有蚊类活动,3～5月和10月分别出现1次密度高峰.[结论]虽然目前横琴口岸蚊类密度不高,但随着口岸出入境人员及周围居住人员的逐渐增多,蚊类密度可能相应升高,因此,应加强口岸卫生监督和防蚊灭蚊工作.     

2006年度深圳福田保税区蚊类监测报告

目的通过调查掌握福田保税区蚊类种群构成、密度分布、季节消长等本底资料，为防控蚊类媒介传染病流行提供科学依据。方法根据国境口岸蚊类监测规程（SN／1300-2003）制定调查方案，采用人工诱蚊法。结果此次调查共捕获成蚊1462只，2属3种。其中，致倦库蚊为优势种，构成比占：48．6％；其次，白纹伊蚊构成比占：39．1％；再其次，三带喙库蚊构成比占：122％。蚊类平均密度为6．8只／人工小时。季节消长情况：常年有蚊类活动，7-9月份为高峰期，白纹伊蚊3月下旬开始活跃。结论此次调查发现：7-9月份为蚊类密度高峰期，特别是白纹伊蚊。在蚊类高峰期前应及时有效开展灭蚊工作，防控蚊类媒介传染病流行。     

2014年汕头口岸蚊类监测结果分析

目的掌握汕头口岸蚊类的种群构成、不同生境密度分布、季节消长及携带病毒情况,为口岸蚊及蚊媒传染病的有效防控提供依据。方法采用诱蚊灯收集法、伊蚊集卵器调查法进行为期半年的调查,采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法检测蚊类携带黄病毒属和甲病毒属情况。结果 2014年5-10月捕获成蚊1 529只,经分类鉴定隶属于2亚科3属13种,致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,占总数的52%;全年平均蚊密度为2.36只/h·灯;成蚊季节消长高峰期在5-6月,白纹伊蚊季节消长高峰期在8-9月。结论本次调查得出较为详细的汕头口岸蚊媒本底资料,为今后蚊媒防治工作提供切实的技术指导,在监测的基础上建立风险分析系统进行风险预警和风险管理。     

云浮口岸蚊类种群及密度首次调查

目的掌握云浮口岸蚊类的种群构成、不同生境密度分布和季节消长变化,以及云浮地区白纹伊蚊刺叮节律情况,为口岸蚊类及蚊媒传染病的有效防制提供依据。方法在蚊类易孳生和栖息地点,采用电动吸蚊器、诱蚊灯和灭蚊磁场捕捉成蚊,采用勺捞法采集幼虫和蛹,待羽化为成蚊后进行分类鉴定;成蚊密度调查选择有代表性的生态环境,采用人工小时法监测。结果 2011年5-11月共捕获成蚊42367只,采集各龄期幼虫和蛹3680只,经鉴定隶属3亚科8属12种;优势蚊种依次为三带喙库蚊、致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊;成蚊季节消长呈双峰型,5、6月为第一个高峰期,8月为第二个高峰期;白纹伊蚊昼夜都有刺叮活动,一天中有3个刺叮高峰,白天刺叮活动显著高于晚上。结论本次调查是云浮口岸地区的首次蚊类调查,较准确地反映了云浮口岸地区在自然条件下蚊类种群的基本情况,为进一步的蚊类监测和防治工作提供了基础数据。     

2006-2007年桂平市洪涝灾区蚊媒监测报告

目的通过系统监测桂平市蚊媒状况,为洪涝灾区蚊媒传染病防治提供有效防治策略。方法选择广西洪涝灾区有代表性的桂平市,按农居、猪圈、牛棚3个环境设点,应用诱蚊灯捕蚊。结果蚊类平均密度为156.03只/小时/灯,主要蚊种有4种,即三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、致倦库蚊、白纹伊蚊;蚊子种群比例以三带喙库蚊最高为89.98%,其他种群比例较低,分别为中华按蚊占6.36%、致倦库蚊占0.43%、白纹伊蚊占0.01%。结论桂平市蚊媒传染病媒介密度较高;流行性乙型脑炎媒介三带喙库蚊是优势蚊种,其密度和季节消长与当地乙脑流行相吻合,应加强对三带喙库蚊的防制工作。     

清澜口岸蚊类种群及季节消长调查

本文报道了清澜口岸蚊类调查情况,共捕蚊虫383只,分5属7种,包括伊蚊属的白纹伊蚊,库蚊属的致倦库蚊、二喙带库蚊,按蚊属的中华按蚊、迷走按蚊,曼蚊属的常型曼蚊,阿蚊属的骚扰阿蚊。其中优势蚊种为白纹伊蚊,蚊密度随季节而消长,以7～8月份为最高,同时调查了蚊幼虫的孳生分布情况,填补了该地区蚊类种群构成方面资料空白,从而为该地区开展蚊媒传染病监测以及蚊虫的防治提供重要的科学依据。     

广东省清远市快速城市化过程中蚊虫群落动态变化规律

目的 研究城市化过程中病媒蚊虫群落特征和演替动态变化,了解主要传播媒介蚊虫种群动态及与城市化的关系.方法 采用人诱法,连续4年在清远市调查蚊虫种群密度.结果 此次调查清远市蚊虫有致倦库蚊、骚扰阿蚊、白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊5种;致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,占群落种群数量的92.27％;其次为骚扰按蚊,占3.98％;白纹伊蚊和三带喙库蚊数量较少,各占1.62％;中华按蚊仅占0.51％.在研究期间,比较2006年与2008、2009年数据,结果表明群落构成发生显著变化,其中致倦库蚊在种群中所占比例逐渐减少,白纹伊蚊所占比例逐渐增加,中华按蚊在种群中逐渐消失,三带喙库蚊在群落中数量波动较大.不同蚊种在夜间呈现不同活动节律,致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊19:00-22:00其密度逐渐增加,高峰主要在21:00之后;白纹伊蚊在夜晚各个时间段都有活动,活动高峰主要在20:00之前;骚扰阿蚊呈现与白纹伊蚊相似的活动规律.结论 清远市在城市化过程中,登革热媒介白纹伊蚊逐渐增加,而流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)媒介三带喙库蚊则在不同年份中波动较大;传疟媒介中华按蚊逐渐减少,甚至消失.因此在城市化过程中,需要加强登革热和乙脑媒介的监测和防控.     

珠海地区蚊媒携带流行性乙型脑炎病毒的研究

目的 了解珠海地区蚊媒携带流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）病毒情况，为控制乙脑在人群中的流行提供依据。方法 采集成蚊进行鉴定，并对蚊悬液采用细胞培养、逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）以及荧光定量PCR技术进行病毒鉴定，并进行克隆与序列测定。结果 2005年全年在养猪场共捕获成蚊876只，经鉴定隶属4属8种，其中以三带喙库蚊（35．73％）、致倦库蚊（32．54％）和海滨库蚊（21．35％）为主。在珠海各口岸捕获的542只蚊样本中，则以白纹伊蚊为主，占82．47％，其次为致倦库蚊，占16.25％。应用荧光定量PCR技术，在珠海地区注册养猪场和口岸的蚊媒中检出1份乙脑病毒阳性样本，但强度较弱，这与珠海地区是乙脑低发地区相一致。结论 珠海地区存在乙脑的主要传播媒介，并且在蚊媒中携带有乙脑病毒，提示不能放松对乙脑的防控工作。     

西双版纳州登革热暴发现场BGS-trap媒介蚊虫监测研究

目的 评价BG-Sentinel mosquito trap （BGS-trap）对登革热媒介成蚊的监测效果,为我国登革热暴发现场伊蚊成蚊监测、风险评估及预测预警提供基础数据.方法 在西双版纳州所辖景洪市、勐腊及勐海县,利用BGS-Trap进行伊蚊成蚊监测,捕获蚊种经形态学鉴定.利用描述流行病学方法对日捕获所有蚊虫进行分析.结果 景洪市5d研究期内,共布放20台BGS-trap,累计捕蚊240 h,捕获蚊虫26只,其中,埃及伊蚊雌性1只,白纹伊蚊8只（雌7只,雄1只）,致倦库蚊17只（雌16只,雄1只）.勐腊、勐海县各放置BGS-trap 3台,捕蚊时间各108 h,均未捕到埃及伊蚊及白纹伊蚊.勐腊县捕获三带喙库蚊2只（雌雄各1只）,勐海县捕获致倦库蚊2只（雌雄各1只）.结论 BGS-trap在此次云南省西双版纳州登革热暴发现场伊蚊成蚊监测中效果不理想,需在现场和实验室对该装置进行进一步媒介伊蚊成蚊监测效果评价工作.     

深圳蛇口口岸蚊类调查报告

〔目的〕掌握深圳蛇口口岸蚊类分布情况并为蚊媒病监测和防治工作提供依据。〔方法〕从2008年5月—2009年6月对蛇口口岸进行了蚊类调查。成蚊采用人工诱捕法;幼虫采用集卵器法。〔结果〕蛇口口岸捕获成蚊经鉴定,隶属3属4种,伊蚊属1种,库蚊属2种,阿蚊属1种;成蚊数4～9月较高,10月开始逐渐减少,12月消失。野外草地以白蚊伊蚊、致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,分别占成蚊总数的56.7%、42.4%;蚊幼虫均为白纹伊蚊,年平均容器指数为8.98%,以11月份最高达35.0%。〔结论〕随着该码头进出境交通工具、集装箱和货物量越来越多,应加强对口岸蚊类的监测和防制工作。     

Differential predation of the planarian Dugesia tigrina on two mosquito species under laboratory conditions

Two experiments were performed on the predation of the planarian Dugesia tigrina (Girard) upon 2 mosquito prey species, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Bioassays were carried out in sectioned tires with 2 liters of water. In the 1st experiment, predation was evaluated using 4, 8, and 12 mature planarians against 40 2nd-stage larvae of each mosquito species alone. In the 2nd experiment, the same 3 predator densities were used with a pool composed of 20 2nd-stage larvae of each mosquito species. In the 1st experiment, final corrected mortality of Ae. albopictus reached 89.1, 98.8, and 99.6% and final corrected mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus reached 29.4, 48.0, and 53.0%, respectively, with 4, 8, and 12 planarians. In the 2nd experiment and when subjected to the density of 4 planarians, Ae. albopictus was more susceptible to predation, with a selectivity index of 0.87, whereas this index was 0.13 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Predation was more intensive during the 1st 4 days of the experiments, when most larvae were in the 2nd and 3rd stages. We observed that Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were faster than Ae. albopictus in reacting to planarian contacts, resulting in more success in escaping from the predator attacks.     

Associations between two mosquito populations and West Nile virus in Harris County, Texas, 2003-06

Associations between Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus and West Nile virus (WNV) activity, temperature, and rainfall in Harris County, Texas 2003-06 are discussed. Human cases were highly correlated to Cx. quinquefasciatus (r = 0.87) and Ae. albopictus (r = 0.78) pools, blue jays (r = 0.83), and Ae. albopictus collected (r = 0.71), but not Cx. quinquefasciatus collected (r = 0.45). Human cases were associated with temperature (r = 0.71), not rainfall (r = 0.29), whereas temperature correlated with Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus collections (r = 0.88 and 0.70, respectively) and Cx. quinqueftsciatus pools (r = 0.75), but not Ae. albopictus pools (r = 0.55). Both species (collections and pools) and blue jays were weakly correlated (r 5 0.41) with rainfall, but blue jays were better correlated with Cx. quinquefasciatus pools (r = 0.87), compared with Ae. albopictus pools (r = 0.67), Ae. albopictus collections (r = 0.69), and Cx. quinquefasciatus collections (r = 0.46). Peak minimum infection rate for Cx. quinquefasciatus (4.55), and Ae. albopictus (4.41) was in August with highest human cases (17.87), blue jays (55.58), and temperature (29.01 degrees C). Between both species, blood meal analysis indicated 68.18% of Cx. quinquefasciatus mammalian hosts were dog, while 22.72% were human, whereas Ae. albopictus had higher human (44.44%) but fewer dog hosts (22.22%). Ten bird species were identified as hosts for Cx. quinquefasciatus, with northern cardinal and blue jay representing 26.66% and 20.00%, respectively. No bird feeding activity was observed in Ae. albopictus. The earliest and latest human blood meal occurred in May (Ae. albopictus) and November (Cx. quinquefasciatus); 66.66% of human host identifications between both species occurred in October-November, after the seasonal human case peak. Based upon our data, WNV activity in both mosquito species warrants further investigation of their individual roles in WNV ecology within this region.     

Commercial mosquito trap and gravid trap oviposition media evaluation, Atlanta, Georgia

Field trials evaluating the effectiveness of selected gravid trap oviposition media and commercially available mosquito traps were conducted in southern Fulton County (Atlanta), GA, from June 9 to June 18 and June 24 to July 4, 2002, respectively. Total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the tests were compared using a Latin square design. For the gravid trap infusion media, significant differences were found for total number of mosquitoes collected where sod > or = hay > or = hay side-by-side diluted hay > dilute hay side-by-side hay > or = oak > diluted hay. Only Aedes albopictus (oak), Culex quinquefasciatus (sod and both concentrated hay infusions), and Culex restuans (sod) were captured in significantly greater numbers using a particular infusion. Significant differences for the total number of mosquitoes collected were also observed in the commercial mosquito traps such that the gravid trap > ultra violet up-draft > or = Mosquito Magnet Pro > or = omnidirectional Fay-Prince trap with CO2 > up-draft CDC-style with CO2 > or = CDC-style with CO2. Significant differences in numbers collected among traps were noted for several species, including Aedes vexans, Aedes albopictus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. restuans, and Culex salinarius. Results from these field trap and infusion evaluations can enhance current surveillance efforts, especially for the primary vectors of West Nile virus and other arboviruses.     

东莞口岸登革热媒介监测分析

目的掌握东莞口岸登革热媒介的种类、密度及其与气候的关系,为做好口岸登革热蚊媒监测工作和预防登革热发生和传播提供科学依据。方法于2005年7￣10月在东莞口岸采用集卵器法定期收集蚊类幼虫以统计伊蚊密度,并全面检查房屋内有蚊类幼虫的容器数。结果此次调查共诱获蚊类幼虫586只,白纹伊蚊是主要的种类,共540只,伊蚊的密度为2.52只/集卵器,房屋指数平均为80.47%,容器指数为56.03%,布雷图指数平均为13.79。结论2005年度东莞口岸登革热媒介主要种类是白纹伊蚊,7￣10月份伊蚊密度较高,其中7月份的布雷图指数超过了20,说明对登革热的传播存在较大的潜在危险,需加强口岸的灭蚊工作。     

First record of Aedes albopictus in Gabon

Aedes albopictus were collected in the French military camp of Libreville, Estuaire Province, Gabon, from January to March 2007 by human landing catches during an entomological evaluation of malaria transmission. Inspection of potential larval habitats within and outside the camp showed that Ae. albopictus was found only in artificial containers (discarded tires and small water containers). Associated species of mosquito larvae were Ae. aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus. At the same time, Ae. albopictus adults and larvae were also collected from discarded tires in Tcheungue near Port Gentil, Ogoue Maritime Province. Ae. albopictus seems to be established in this part of Gabon's littoral. Further studies are necessary to investigate the extension of Ae. albopictus establishment throughout the country.     

Effectiveness and residual activity comparison of granular formulations of insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and s-methoprene against Florida mosquitoes in laboratory and outdoor conditions

Effectiveness and residual activity tests of granular formulations of 2 insect growth regulators (IGRs), s-methoprene and pyriproxyfen, against laboratory-reared larvae of 5 colonized mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Culex nigripalpus, were conducted in the laboratory and outdoors in plastic tubs. Culex quinquefasciatus was exposed to these two IGRs in the laboratory only. Each IGR formulation was applied at 0.02 and 0.05 ppm active ingredient (Al) against 5 of the 6 mosquito species both in the laboratory and the outdoor evaluations, whereas Cx. quinquefasciatus was exposed to 0.2 and 0.4 ppm AI of s-methoprene, and 0.1 and 0.2 ppm AI of pyriproxyfen in the laboratory. s-Methoprene at 0.02 and 0.05 ppm AI resulted in variable levels (<39-100%) of inhibition of adult emergence in the 5 species monitored for 6 weeks after treatment under both test conditions. Aedes taeniorhynchus was the most susceptible to s-methoprene in terms of initial and residual activity. Culex quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus were the most tolerant to s-methopene, with maximum emergence inhibitions amounting to 84% in Cx. quinquefasciatus at 0.4 ppm and 44.3% in Ae. albopictus at 0.05 ppm during the 1st week in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen at comparable treatment rates to s-methoprene caused very high levels (>80-100% in most cases) of initial and residual emergence inhibitions of the tested species in the laboratory as well as outdoors. In several species, pyriproxyfen induced complete inhibition of adult emergence for several weeks after treatment, even at the lower rate of 0.02 ppm. The World Health Organization has recently recommended the use of pyriproxyfen for the control of some mosquito species at specified rates in certain habitats.