右胸腋下小切口心脏手术的体外循环管理（附216例报告）

目的 探讨体外循环技术在右胸腋下小切口心脏手术中的临床应用,减少术中及术后的并发症.方法 回顾分析216例右胸腋下小切口心脏手术体外循环的进行情况.结果 本组心脏停跳下手术160例,139例自动复跳,自动复跳率87%,21例除颤1-3次复跳;单纯房间隔缺损56例在心脏不停跳体外循环下手术,56例全部顺利脱机.结论 右胸腋下小切口心脏手术中,体外循环技术的正确应用,利于心脏成功复苏及术后顺利恢复.     

微创心脏不停跳或低温停跳心内直视手术

目的 报告89例采用微创手术方式进行心脏直视外科治疗的病例。方法 体外循环下心脏不停跳经右腋下6cm-8cm孤形小切口行心内直视手术41例，中低温停跳心内手术48例。结果 全组心脏转流插管顺利，心内显,手术经过顺利，病人均痊愈出院。结论 经右腋下切口不需劈开胸骨1切除肋骨，创伤小；心脏不停跳，不需要降温，不存在再灌注损伤；皮肤切口隐于腋下，美学效果佳；术后感染机率低，恢复快，住院时间短。需要经过升主动脉、右心房、右心室及左心房的心内直视手术无明显禁忌症。胸壁进路以第三、四肋间为佳。     

右腋下侧切口在体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术中的应用(附23例报告)

目的 探讨经右腋下侧切口径路施行体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术的效果.方法 经右腋下侧切口径路施行体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术23例,其中房间隔缺损17例,室间隔缺损3例,左房黏液瘤2例,二尖瓣中度狭窄1例.结果 全组术后无死亡,无栓塞、心律失常等并发症发生.体外循环时间(38.4±16.2)min,术后胸液引流量(150.5±36.8)ml,住院时间为(7.0±1.5)d.全组患者随防3～12个月,心脏无杂音,心脏彩色多普勒检查无残余分流或瓣周漏,心脏功能恢复良好,均能参加正常活动.结论 严格掌握手术适应证,对具有该术式适应证的患者采用经腋下侧切口径路施行体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术具有安全可靠,术中术后出血少、疗效好,切口隐蔽、美观,符合微创外科原则.     

右腋下小切口心脏不停跳修补先天性房、室间隔缺损

目的探讨右腋下小切口心脏不停跳修补先天性房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)、室间隔缺损(ven-tricular septal defect,VSD)的临床疗效。方法 58例先天性ASD、VSD患者(试验组,A组)均采用右腋下小切口联合心脏不停跳技术。手术在浅低温体外循环(CPB)下施行,皮肤切口沿右侧腋下、经第4肋间入胸,距右膈神经前2.0cm纵向切开心包,主动脉及上、下腔静脉插管常规建立CPB,心脏不停跳下修补ASD、VSD。57例先天性ASD、VSD患者(对照组,B组)均行正中切口心脏停跳下修补ASD、VSD。观察2组患者手术切口长度、CPB时间、手术时间及术后呼吸机辅助时间、住院时间、胸瓶引流量、死亡、并发症发生等情况。结果 A组患者手术切口长度、CPB时间、手术时间、术后胸瓶引流量、术后呼吸机辅助时间、住院时间与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),术后病死率及残余分流、肺不张/肺部感染发生率与B组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论采用右腋下小切口心脏不停跳技术修补先天性ASD、VSD具有安全、可靠、微创、术后恢复快、切口美观等优点,适用于...     

右腋下小切口体外循环下心脏不停跳心内直视手术体会

我院自2002年6月至2005年8月采用右腋下小切口体外循环下心脏不停跳技术进行心内直视手术36例,取得较好效果,报告如下.     

右腋下直小切口心脏跳动中二尖瓣置换术

微创技术与心脏不停跳技术联合用于二尖瓣置换术，国内外尚少见报道。我院2004年1月～2005年3月，对单纯二尖瓣病变的年轻患者，采用右腋下直小切口心脏跳动中进行二尖瓣置换术4例，全部获得成功，无术后特殊并发症及死亡。现将结果报道如下：     

小切口心脏不停跳心内直视手术20例

采用胸骨小切口、心脏不停跳技术行心内直视手术 2 0例。术后随访 1～ 18个月 ,心功能恢复良好 ,切口瘢痕小。认为本术式符合微创、美观的要求 ,便于掌握 ,值得推广     

右腋下小切口心脏不停搏修补房室间隔缺损24例临床分析

目的:总结右腋下小切口心脏不停搏房室间隔缺损修补术的临床经验。方法:对24例房室间隔缺损等先天性心脏病均采用右腋下小切口体外循环下心脏不停搏手术进行矫治,其中2例合并部分型肺静脉异位引流(partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection,PAPVC)者扩大房缺,并用补片将引流到右房的右肺静脉隔到左心房,2例合并肺动脉瓣狭窄者行瓣叶交界处切开,3例合并三尖瓣关闭不全者行三尖瓣成形术。结果:全组无手术死亡,无残余分流、气栓、低心排血综合征等并发症。2例手术中分别损伤右房后壁及右下肺静脉,1例出现一过性血红蛋白尿,1例出现心律紊乱。结论:右腋下小切口体外循环下心脏不停搏手术方法具有微创意义,但使用有一定局限性,应建立在安全、精确的心脏畸形纠治基础上。     

右腋下小切口心脏不停跳房间隔缺损修补术21例

目的:介绍右腋下小切口心脏不停跳房间隔缺损修补术的方法和临床体会.方法:总结我院2009年6月至2010年12月右腋下小切口心脏不停跳房间隔缺损修补术21例.结果:21例病人手术过程顺利,转机时间平均30.6 min,手术时间平均158.8 min,术后胸液引流总量平均89.4 mL,术后住院时间平均6.3d,全组病人...     

微创心脏手术166例临床应用

目的 总结微创手术在心脏外科手术中的应用。方法 1998年5月～2000年9月，微创心脏手术166例。男45例，女121例。年龄1～57岁，平均14．6岁。根据年龄、不同病种和肥胖程度不同，采用右前外乳腺下弧形切口、右腋下斜形切口及正中小切口完成手术。结果 166例患均治愈出院，恢复良好。结论 微创心脏手术，切口小、损伤轻、安全、恢复快、美观，效果满意。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.