Recruitment of house staff into anesthesiology: a re-evaluation of factors responsible for house staff selecting anesthesiology as a career and individual training program

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To reexamine, in a follow-up to our first study, those factors responsible for house staff (i.e., residents and clinical fellows) selecting anesthesiology as a career and a specific training program, as well as house staff satisfaction with various educational aspects of our training program, and their perceptions of the future for graduating anesthesiology trainees. DESIGN: Survey questionnaire of 77 house staff at the Mayo Clinic during the 2000 to 2001 academic year. SETTING: Academic medical center. MEASUREMENTS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a questionnaire to survey 77 house staff enrolled in the anesthesiology training program at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN during the 2000 to 01 academic year. All responses were anonymous. Data were compared between time epochs using an f-exact test. A p-value 相似文献   

Recruitment of house staff into anesthesiology: a longitudinal evaluation of factors responsible for selecting a career in anesthesiology and an individual training program

Study ObjectiveTo re-evaluate factors responsible for selecting a career in anesthesiology and for selecting an anesthesiology training program. The perceptions of anesthesiology residents about employment opportunities and future job security were also re-examined. Novel data on the impact of duty hour restrictions on residency training were obtained.DesignSurvey instrument.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects63 residents enrolled in the anesthesiology residency at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN (clinical base year and clinical anesthesia years 1-3) during the 2010-11 academic year. All responses were anonymous.MeasurementsCurrent study data were compared to data from two similar studies published by the authors (1995-96 and 2000-01) using an f-exact test. A P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Main Results55 of 63 (87%) residents responded to the survey. The most frequently cited reasons for selecting a career in anesthesiology were: anesthesiology is a “hands-on” specialty (49%), critical care medicine is included in the scope of training/practice (33%), anesthesiology provides opportunities to perform invasive procedures (31%), and the work is immediately gratifying (31%). When current data were compared with data from the 1995-96 survey, respondents reported significant decreases in interest in physiology/pharmacology (42% vs 21%; P = 0.03), opportunities to conduct research (13% vs 2%; P = 0.05) and opportunities to train in pain medicine (13% vs 0%; P = 0.01) as reasons for selecting anesthesiology. When current data were compared with data from the 2000-2001 survey, respondents reported a significant increase in critical care medicine (7% vs 33%, P = 0.01), significant decreases in time off (36% vs 11%; P = 0.01) and work time mostly devoted to patient care (20% vs 2%; P = 0.01) as factors in selecting anesthesiology as a career. Nearly all (94%) respondents reported a high level of satisfaction with their specialty choice and would choose anesthesiology again if currently graduating medical school. When current data were compared with those from the 2000-2001 survey, a significant increase in respondents who anticipated difficulty securing employment (0% vs 14%; P = 0.01) was noted. However, anticipation of difficulty in securing employment remained significantly lower than what was reported on the 1995-96 survey (54% vs 14%; P = 0.01). Thirty-eight percent of residents reported that implementation of duty hour restrictions had a positive impact on resident education, and 43% of residents reported that duty hour restrictions improved their quality of life. However, most respondents (69%) did not support further duty hour restrictions, and many (43%) expected to work longer hours after graduation.ConclusionsResidents in this study remain highly satisfied with anesthesiology as a career choice and with their training program. However, a resurgence of concern about employment after program completion and about future job security is apparent. The impact of critical care medicine training has significantly increased as a factor in selecting anesthesiology as a career, and the impact of training in pain medicine has significantly decreased. Although work hour restrictions were viewed as having a positive impact on training and well-being by 48% of residents, a majority of respondents in this study (76%) disagreed with further duty hour restrictions.     

Residents' and program directors' attitudes toward research during anesthesiology training: a Canadian perspective

We assessed the attitudes of residents and program directors (PD) toward research training in Canadian anesthesiology residency programs. Questionnaires were sent to all 476 anesthesiology residents in Canada and a modified questionnaire was sent to the PD of each of the 16 anesthesiology programs between November 2003 and April 2004. There was a 60% response rate to the resident questionnaire and 95% from the PDs. Eighty-one percent of programs have mandatory research activity, although only 41% of residents think research should be mandatory. A majority of residents were recently involved in a research project. There was a discrepancy between PDs' and residents' views about the availability of some resources to facilitate research. Residents regard the time needed to learn clinical anesthesia, schedule conflicts, inadequate faculty support, and a lack of protected research time as the top barriers to undertaking a research project. PDs do not consider schedule conflicts or a lack of time as important barriers for resident research. Seventy-five percent of residents would prefer to do another academic activity, such as learning transesophageal echocardiography or taking postgraduate programs in education, rather than completing a research project during their residency.     

Incorporation of laparoscopy into a surgical endoscopy training program.

The impact of introducing laparoscopy as part of the overall gastrointestinal endoscopy case load performed by residents was reviewed. During 1990, there was a significant increase (56.9%) in the number of flexible diagnostic endoscopic procedures performed compared with 1989. When the total number of laparoscopic procedures was considered, the increase was 117%. Residents participated in the "surgeon's" position in 59% of the therapeutic laparoscopic procedures and as either surgeon or "first assistant" in 86% of all therapeutic laparoscopic procedures and 94% of all diagnostic laparoscopic procedures. Complication rates for diagnostic laparoscopic procedures were low in 1989 (0.03%) and 1990 (0.2%). Complication rates for therapeutic laparoscopic procedures were also low (4%). There was no difference in the complication rate for cases in which residents were in the surgeon's position (4%) versus cases in which they were not (4%). Introduction of laparoscopic procedures into a surgical residency program can be done safely, especially in cases in which an established program in endoscopy exists.     

新护士培训中带教老师遴选方法的改进

目的探讨新护士培训中改进带教老师遴选方法的效果。方法将新护士205人随机分为实验组(102人)和对照组(103人)。对照组采用传统方法带教,即指定1名带教老师对新护士进行全方位培训;实验组采用带教老师遴选革新的方法带教,即将新护士培训过程分成3个阶段,熟悉阶段指定带教老师、掌握阶段新护士自己选择带教老师、提高阶段指定和自选结合确定带教老师进行培训。结果实验组理论与操作考核成绩、危重患者护理能力、护理文件书写成绩及护理缺陷、差错发生率显著优于和低于对照组(均P0.01)。结论遴选带教老师方法的改进,可提高新护士的培训效果。     

县乡级医院护理人员联动培养机制的构建及实施

目的 构建县乡两级医院护理人员联动培养机制,以提高乡镇医院护理人员的综合素质.方法 县级医院选取5个乡镇医院进行调研,根据调研结果制定相对应的联动培养计划并实施,比较联动培训前后乡镇医院护理质量检查情况及培训后乡镇医院护士对联动培训的整体评价.结果 乡镇医院护士对联动培训的整体评价综合满意率为91.85%,联动培训后乡镇医院护理质量各项指标检查合格率显著优于培训前(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 县乡级医院护理人员联动培养机制可提高乡镇医院护理人员综合素质和护理质量,是乡镇医院护理人员继续教育的重要途径.     

Training for perioperative smoking cessation interventions: a national survey of anesthesiology program directors and residents

Study ObjectiveTo ascertain current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of anesthesiology residents regarding tobacco control, and to determine the characteristics of current residency training offered in tobacco control.DesignElectronically distributed survey instrument of anesthesiology residency program directors and residents.SettingUniversity medical center.Measurements and Main ResultsThe program director and resident response rates were 75/131 (57.3%) and 490/1182 (41.4%), respectively. Programs currently provide education regarding the perioperative consequences of smoking and, with the exception of the effect of smoking cessation shortly before surgery, resident knowledge reflected this curricular emphasis. However, the strong majority of programs did not offer education on how to ask about smoking status and advise cessation (79.5%) or help tobacco users quit before surgery (89.0%), though both program directors and residents felt these topics should be covered. A strong majority of residents (87.8%) felt the perioperative period was an effective time to assist in long-term smoking cessation, and desired education on tobacco control. Barriers to helping patients quit preoperatively included lack of time and low confidence in counseling abilities.ConclusionsA need exists for expanded formal education on perioperative tobacco cessation interventions for anesthesiology residents.     

An advanced specialty training program in anesthesiology: a special educational fellowship designed to return community anesthesiologists to clinical practice

We describe a program for community anesthesiologists designed to evaluate clinical skills and provide additional training in the latest technologies in anesthesiology. This educational program was established for previously trained anesthesiologists who require additional training for either remedial purposes or because of a prolonged absence from practice. All enrollees had an active, unrestricted California medical license and malpractice insurance. Approximately half of the participants had been in active practice at the time of enrollment; the remainder had been away from practice from 1 to 9 yr. The first 24 graduates of the fellowship spent an average of 9 wk (range, 3-24 wk) in the program to meet their individualized goals. Graduates were surveyed an average of 15 mo after completion of the fellowship. All respondents indicated that they would enroll in the program again; 80% indicated they learned new technical skills, 73% stated that the fellowship introduced them to a greater variety of drugs, and 50% indicated that the fellowship changed their approach to patient care. This program may serve as a model for any discipline of medicine and is particularly relevant for those with a substantial component of technical skills expected of its practitioners.     

护理人员护患沟通能力培训及其态度、行为状况的调查

目的了解护理人员护患沟通能力培训及其态度、行为状况,为有效促进临床护患沟通提供参考。方法随机抽取湖北省6所三级甲等医院护士445人,采用自设问卷对其进行护患沟通能力培训及其态度、行为的调查。结果 87.19%的护士接受过护患沟通培训,49.23%上次培训时间在1年内,接受培训的方式以专题讲座(60.57%)为主。88.09%的护士认为护患沟通很重要,96.42%的护士乐于与患者沟通,但仍有25.85%的护士认为有效、融洽的护患沟通比较困难。认为影响沟通的原因是太忙(81.35%),66.07%的护士认为沟通不良是投诉主要原因。沟通途径以口头为主(95.28%),62.25%的护士每天沟通在5次以下,94.16%的护士在白班时间沟通。结论护士接受护患沟通知识培训率偏低,培训方式单一,且培训频率较低;护士有良好的护患沟通意识。为提高护患沟通的有效性,应加强护士沟通技能培训,使之端正沟通态度,将意识付诸行动,注重沟通技巧,综合掌握灵活运用,提高护患沟通效果。     

Establishment of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy training program.

A recently developed alternative to traditional laparotomy and cholecystectomy is laparoscopic-guided cholecystectomy. This procedure has the advantages of reduced hospital stay, early return to work, diminished abdominal wall scarring, and less patient discomfort. The complex nature of this procedure and the current lack of extensive clinical experience preclude the traditional "hands-on" training normally practiced in surgical residency programs. At the University of Maryland, we have developed a program to instruct both surgeons and surgical residents in the techniques of laparoscopic surgery. Technical competence is achieved under the close supervision and guidance of an experienced laparoscopic surgeon. Training of residents in this procedure, therefore, is not very different than that for other general surgical procedures. Surgeons already in clinical practice, however, gain experience under somewhat different circumstances. Initial training involves didactic instruction through laparoscopic surgical atlases and educational videotapes. Further training uses a simulation device which enables the trainee to practice techniques of laparoscopic suturing, knot-tying, and clip application. Actual operative experience is acquired primarily in experimental animal preparations. Laparoscopic-guided removal of the gallbladder is performed in young swine (20-25 kg) under conditions that mimic those in the operating room. Further clinical experience can be acquired by assisting on several laparoscopic operations, usually involving diagnostic or pelvic procedures. Actual operative experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, of course, comprises the final phase of the educational program. The introduction of clinical laparoscopic training into general surgery residency programs should influence the widespread adoption of this new procedure.