消炎痛对创伤病人应用全肠外营养支持效果的影响

本文在贲门癌行全胃切除引起的中等程度创伤病人随机分组，对比观察了全肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）或ＴＰＮ加消炎痛的效果。结果显示，与单纯ＴＰＮ相比，ＴＮ加消炎痛后体温升高程度和应激激素释放均减少，Ｃ－ＲＰ等应激蛋白合成增加，蛋白质分解代谢降低。这一结果说明，消炎痛与ＴＰＮ联用可以明显改善创伤病人营养支持的效果。     

加用1,6—二磷酸果糖的全肠外营养对严重感染动物及危重病人？…

目的：为比较加用１，６－二磷酸果糖的全肠外营养（ＴＰＮ＋ＦＤＰ）及常规全肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）对危重应激机体的支持效果。 方法：将已造成感染模型的犬分成两组。第一组为ＴＰＮ组（ｎ＝６），输入常规ＴＰＮ液。第二组为ＴＰＮ＋ＦＤＰ组（ｎ＝７），常规ＴＰＮ液加用每天每公斤体重１克ＦＤＰ钠盐。对一组重症应激病人应用１周ＴＰＮ＋ＦＤＰ及常规ＴＰＮ作比较研究，连续５￣７天。 结果：ＴＰＮ＋ＦＤＰ组血、骨骼肌ＡＴＰ     

表皮生长因子增强TPN对肠道免疫功能的影响

本文应用大鼠全肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）模型，观察ＴＰＮ过程中表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）对小肠谷氨酰胺（Ｇｌｎ）摄取及肠道免疫功能的调节作用。结果显示，常规ＴＰＮ可导臻血浆及各组织中Ｇｌｎ明显下降，肠粘膜淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２活性明显下降，细菌易位增高；而在ＴＰＮ过程中加用ＥＧＦ可防止肠道Ｇｌｎ水平下降，提高肠道对Ｇｌｎ的摄取率，并可有效防止肠粘膜淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２活性的下降，减少细菌易位。提示ＥＧＦ具有防止ＴＰＮ后     

全肠外营养和消炎痛对创伤后应激反应及蛋白质代谢的影响

比较了全肠外营养和消炎痛对创伤性应激反应和蛋白质代谢的影响。将１９例因贲门癌行经腹根治性全胃切除的中等创伤病人，分为对照组、ＴＰＮ组和消炎痛组，监测了体温、血 浆蛋白、应激激素、尿中尿素氮、肌酐和３－甲基组氨酸的变化。结果发现，ＴＰＮ组病人血浆Ｃ－反应蛋白、儿茶酚胺、皮质醇、胰岛素均增高，消炎痛组病人体温降低，儿茶酚胺和皮质醇升高不明显，尿中尿素氮和３－甲基组氨酸排出减少。说明ＴＰＮ催促进蛋白质合     

含谷氨酰胺二肽全肠外营养减轻腹腔内大剂量化疗的肝肠损伤

４４只大鼠随机分为两组，分别给予含谷氨酰胺二肽全肠外营养（Ｇｌｎ－ＴＰＮ）和常规全肠外营养（ＳＴＤ－ＴＰＮ），每组按ＴＰＮ时间不同又分为三组，分别为ＴＰＮ４天组、ＴＰＮ５天组和ＴＰＮ７天组，后两组在ＴＰＮ４天时腹腔内注射５－Ｆｕ１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，以观...     

TPN加n-3脂肪酸、1,6二磷酸果糖及谷氨酰胺对小肠移植大鼠的作用

目的：探讨ＴＰＮ加用ｎ－３脂肪酸、１，６二磷酸果糖及谷氨酰胺对小肠移植大鼠特殊营养支持的作用及可能机理。 方法：１９６只近交系Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分别作为供、受体行全小肠异位移植，术前和术后应用ｎ－３脂肪酸灌胃和ＴＰＮ中加入１，６二磷酸果糖、谷氨酰胺静脉输注１０天，测量体重变化及应用图像分析观察小肠粘膜结构改变。 结果：补充外源性ｎ－３脂肪酸、１，６－二磷酸果糖和谷氨酰胺后体重丢失减少，移植小肠绒毛高     

循环全肠外营养病人的护理体会

循环全肠外营养（Ｃ－ＴＰＮ）是指营养液在一天中的某段时间内输入，适用于需长期接受ＴＰＮ治疗，且心血管功能能够耐受大量液体在循环期内输注的病人，如短肠综合征、炎性肠病等。有资料报道，Ｃ－ＴＰＮ更有益于蛋白质合成，能减少持续ＴＰＮ（Ｓ－ＴＰＮ）时可能出现...     

表皮生长因子在全肠外营养过程中调节小肠对谷氨酰胺的利用

应用大鼠全肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）模型，观察ＴＰＮ过程中表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）对肠道利用谷氨酰胺的调节作用。研究结果发现，标准ＴＰＮ可导致血浆及各组织脏器谷氨酰胺浓度明显下降，而ＴＰＮ过程中同时加用ＥＧＦ可防止肠道谷氨酰胺水平下降；同时还发现ＥＧＦ可提高肠...     

严重多发性创伤胃肠外营养的临床应用

胃肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）用于严重多发性创伤是否具有确切的疗效，目前尚有分歧，本文对我院近几年来收治的４５例严重多发伤病人用ＴＰＮ的疗效进行了对照观察。旨在探讨ＴＰＮ在严重多发伤救治中的作用。１　资料和方法１１　一般资料　我院在１９９３年～１９９８年收治了严重多发性创伤病人１０８例，男１０３例，女５例。年龄１０～７６岁，平均２９１６岁。４５例加用ＴＰＮ治疗，余６３例予一般静脉补液。１１１　病例选择　每例创伤患者都有两个或两个以上解剖部位的创伤，损伤部位分布见表１。创伤评分（ＡＩＳ－８５－ＩＳＳ…     

14例食管癌术后食管胃吻合口瘘的营养支持

本文介绍１４例食管癌术后食管胃吻合口瘘营养支持治疗的体会。治愈９例，死亡５例，４例颈部瘘ＴＰＮ时间为３－４周，１０例胸部瘘ＴＰＮ或ＰＮ＋ＥＮ时间为１个月至１年零２个月，结合胸壁开窗换药合４例严重感染的胸部瘘得以治愈。     

胃癌术后应用TPN对血清IL-12 及细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：研究胃癌根治术后病人应用TPN对IL－2及细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：胃癌病人34例,随机分为实验组、对照组、实验组每天应用TPN,连续8在,对照组每天静脉输注含糖的普通液体。检测IL－12及细胞免疫指标,包括T细胞亚群（CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ ）。结果：应用TPN后实验组IL－12、CD4^ 、CD4^ ／CD8^ 均有显著提高。结论：TPN能提高胃癌术后病人血清IL－12水平,并能改善胃癌根冶术后应激体的免疫功能。     

谷氨酰胺强化的PN在胃肠道肿瘤术后的应用

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺强化的TPN对胃肠道肿瘤术后病人营养状况及免疫功能的影响。方法 20例胃肠道肿瘤病人术后随机分为常规TPN组（对照组）n=10和TPN＋Gln（研究组）n=10,治疗共8天,观察备清前白蛋白、血清转铁蛋白、氮平衡变化。并检测其前后外周血IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4的变化。结果 （1）两组病人呈正氮平衡趋势,研究组与对照组比较差异明显（P＜0．01）。两组病人血清蛋白均上升,研究组回升明显,与对照组比较具有显差异（P＜0．01）。（2）研究组外周血IgG、IgM、IgA明显升高,与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。研究组C3、C4明显升高与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。结论 谷氨酰胺强化的TPN提高了肠外营养支持的效果,改善了胃肠道肿瘤术后的免疫功能。     

Effects of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition on acute pancreatitis

AIM: This study was performed to determine the effects of glutamine enriched total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). METHOD: Forty patients with AP, who had Ranson's score between 2 and 4 received either standard TPN (control group) or TPN with glutamine (treatment group). The patients in the treatment group received TPN containing 0.3 g/kg/days glutamine. At the end of the study, patients were evaluated for nutritional and inflammatory parameters, length of TPN and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The length of TPN applications were 10.5+/-3.6 days and 11.6+/-2.5 days, and the length of hospital stays were 14.2+/-4.4 and 16.4+/-3.9 days for the treatment and control groups (NS), and the complication rates in the treatment and control groups were 10 and 40%, respectively (P<0.05). The transferrin level increased by 11.7% in the group that received glutamine-enriched TPN (P<0.05), whereas the transferrin level decreased by 12.1% in the control group (NS). At the end of the study, slight but not significant changes were determined in both groups in fasting blood sugar, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total cholesterol concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, leukocytes, CD(4), CD(8), serum Zn, Ca and P levels compare to the baseline levels (NS). Significant decreases were determined in serum lipase, amylase activities and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in both groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown that glutamine supplementation to TPN have beneficial effects on the prevention of complications in patients with AP.     

1,6-二磷酸果糖和左旋精氨酸对心内直视手术期间血清心肌肌钙蛋白T的影响

目的探讨1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)和左旋精氨酸(l-Arg)及其联合用药对体外循环期间心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法拟行心内直视手术的先天性心脏病患者40例,随机分为对照组(A组)、l-Arg组(B组)、FDP组(C组)和联合用药组(D组),每组10例。B组于主动脉开放后给予l-Arg 200 mg／kg;C组于主动脉阻断前给予FDP 200 mg/kg;D组联合应用两种药物。分别于主动脉插管时,主动脉开放30 min、2 h、6 h时检测血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果各用药组与对照组比较,可显著降低血浆cTnT和MDA的上升幅度,提高SOD活性(P<0．05),且D组与B组、C组比较可显著降低血浆cTnT的上升幅度(P< 0．05)。结论1,6-二磷酸果糖和左旋精氨酸对心内直视手术中的心肌保护有良好的作用,联合应用优于两药单用。     

Sodium d-fructose-1,6-diphosphate vs. sodium monohydrogen phosphate in total parenteral nutrition: a comparative in vitro assessment of calcium phosphate compatibility

BACKGROUND: The supply of high amounts of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is matter of concern because of the risk associated with calcium phosphate precipitation. The in vitro Ca-P compatibility in ready-for-use TPN solutions after the addition of different concentrations of inorganic phosphate or d-fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and calcium chloride was evaluated. METHODS: Four series of experiments for each Ca + P couple were carried out by varying amino acid concentrations (2% or 4%), temperature (25 degrees C or 37 degrees C), and pH. The extent of precipitation was estimated by visual inspection and particle count. The areas of maximal compatibility (ie, areas showing the complete absence of precipitates) were drawn from the precipitation curves. RESULTS: The precipitation extent was considerably higher in conditions mimicking body environment for both Ca + P couples. The compatibility area at 37 degrees C and 2% amino acid for CaCl2 + Na2HPO4 admixtures was included within 2.50 mmol/L CaCl2 and 2.22 mmol/L Na2HPO4, whereas that for CaCl2 + FDP was within 33.3 mmol/L CaCl2 and 10.0 mmol/L FDP (20 mEq/L of P). Unlike inorganic calcium phosphate, FDP dicalcium salt precipitation was kinetically delayed and was only minimally enhanced by decreasing amino acid concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that the use of FDP as the P source in parenteral nutrition solutions was effective in avoiding the life-threatening calcium phosphate precipitation. Thus, the addition of FDP to TPN admixtures represents a safe choice, allowing the simultaneous administration of high amounts of Ca and P in restricted fluid volumes, even at low amino acid concentrations.     

生长激素在高龄病人腹部手术后的应用

目的:探讨高龄病人腹部手术后生长激素的应用. 方法:将近2年我院收治26例腹部手术的高龄病人随机分为治疗组及对照组,于手术后第2天开始,每天皮下分别注射重组人生长激素8 U或等渗盐水2 ml,连续7天,并应用肠外营养.术前及术后第3、8天测体重、血清清蛋白、右手握力、睡眠时间及拆线天数. 结果:术后血清清蛋白水平提高、体重增加、右手握力及睡眠时间的恢复,实验组均明显优于对照组(P<0.01).拆线时间实验组也短于对照组. 结论:生长激素能使高龄病人蛋白质合成增加,促进切口愈合,并可减轻术后疲劳综合征.     

Determination of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb) and magnesium by atomical absorption in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition

OBJECTIVE: We measured the serum levels of four trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb) and Mg in surgical patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The clinical implications and the results are discussed. METHODS: Two groups of patients were studied: the first group (n = 40) was our study group and the second (n = 40) was the control group. Four measurements of each trace element (TE) in blood serum were carried out: one before initiating TPN, one 24 h after, one 3 d later, and the last one immediately after discontinuing TPN. Each measurement was repeated twice. The Perkin-Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer (model 2380) with furnace graphite HGA-300 was used to measure the TE levels and an acetylene flame was used to measure the Mg levels. RESULTS: Levels of all the TEs, except Pb, were lower before the administration of TPN compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of TEs during and immediately after TPN were generally lower in comparison with the initial measurement before the administration of TPN. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that it may be necessary to 1) add Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mg to the parenteral nutritional solution and 2) follow the fluctuations in serum levels during the administration of TPN.     

Immune function during intravenous administration of a soybean oil emulsion

The effect of a continuous infusion of a soybean oil emulsion on immune function was evaluated in 40 malnourished patients who were randomized to receive preoperatively either a 25% glucose-5% amino acid solution (group G) or a 15% glucose-3.3% Intralipid-5% amino acid solution (group G-F). Average length of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was 10.3 +/- 0.9 days for group G and 9.0 +/- 0.8 days for group G-F. Initial nutritional status and response to TPN were similar for both groups. Immune function was assessed before TPN and after nutritional repletion prior to surgery for each patient. The levels of immunoglobulins, C3, C4, circulating B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, suppressor T lymphocytes, natural killer cell activity, and monocytes were normal before TPN and after nutritional therapy. However, the total number of T cells and helper T cells were low before TPN and remained so after TPN. In addition, lymphocyte function measured by the lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen was depressed prior to TPN and was not improved by either regimen. Neutrophil chemotaxis and bactericidal activity were not affected by either nutritional regimen while neutrophil phagocytosis was enhanced before TPN and remained elevated throughout TPN with either regimen. There were no differences in infection rates during TPN. The addition of Intralipid to the TPN regimen did not alter immune function in these patients who showed depressed cell-mediated immunity before TPN compared with the standard glucose TPN regimen.     

谷氨酰胺对肿瘤病人术后营养状况及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺对肿瘤病人术后营养状况及免疫功能的影响。方法 20例胃肠道肿瘤病人术后随机分为常规TPN组（对照组）10例和TPN＋Gln组（研究组）10例，治疗8天，观察血清前白蛋白、血清转铁蛋白、氮平衡变化。并检查其前后外周血IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4的变化。结果 （1）两组病人负氮平衡改善，研究组与对照组比较差异明显（P＜0．01）。两组病人血清蛋白均上升，研究组回升更明显，与对照组比较具有显差异（P＜0．01）。（2）研究组外周血IgG、IgM、IgA明显升高，与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。研究组C3、C4明显升高与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。结论 谷氨酰胺改善了肿瘤术后病人的营养状况，提高了免疫功能。     

Parenteral nutrition in bone marrow transplantation

Twenty-nine patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were randomised prospectively to evaluate the effect of parenteral nutrition (TPN) on morbidity and mortality. Fourteen patients received a standard regimen of TPN for 10 +/- 4 days (mean +/- SD). All patients had free access to oral diet, which was significantly reduced compared to pre-transplant intake. In the TPN group, serum bilirubin by day 14 and serum bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase by day 21 were significantly higher than in the controls (p < 0.05). These differences probably reflect the higher incidence of serious pyrexia (T > 38.5' C) and blood culture positive rates in the TPN group. Weight loss in the control group was significantly greater than that of the TPN group (p < 0.05). TPN did not affect time to grafting or incidence of graft-versus-host disease. The use of TPN in the nutritional support of patients in small BMT units requires careful consideration.