肝硬化患者肺微循环多层螺旋CT灌注研究

目的:采用MSCT灌注成像技术研究肝硬化患者肺部微循环灌注参数的变化。材料和方法:对20例正常对照组、24例代偿期肝硬化组和19例失代偿期肝硬化组行16层螺旋CT肺部同层动态增强扫描后,在工作站上使用perfusion3软件包对扫描数据进行处理,得出感兴趣区的时间-密度曲线(time-density curve,TDC)和各灌注参数值,包括血流量(blood flow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、对比剂平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT)和表面渗透积乘积(permeability surface area product,PS)。采用SPSS11.5软件包对上述数据进行统计学分析。结果:BF、BV值在各组的总体均数差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。失代偿期肝硬化组的BF、BV值较正常对照组和代偿期肝硬化组都明显增加,组间差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。代偿期肝硬化组的BF、BV值与正常对照组比较,组间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MTT值各组的总体均数间差别有统计学意义(0.05>P>0.01)。失代偿期肝硬化组的MTT值较正常对照组和代偿期肝硬化组减少,组间差别有统计学意义(0.05>P>0.01)。PS值各组间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MSCT肺部微循环灌注成像技术可反映肝硬化患者病情程度。     

活体肝移植术后肝静脉淤血的MSCT灌注研究

目的 利用MSCT灌注成像评价活体肝移植(LDLT)术后肝静脉淤血区及非淤血区的血流动力学改变.方法 22例在本院移植外科施行活体右半肝移植的供、受者纳入本研究,所有受试者均于术后早期(1月以内)进行MSCT平扫、增强及灌注检查,同期纳入10例健康志愿者作为对照组.记录并比较对照组及LDLT术后肝静脉淤血区和非淤血区肝实质的肝血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS)和肝动脉指数(HAF).结果 8例供、受者(36.36%)LDLT术后早期出现肝静脉淤血.与对照组相比,淤血区肝实质BV、BF和HAF升高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),MTT和PS差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05).非淤血区与对照组肝实质之间各项灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).淤血组与无淤血组非淤血区肝实质之间BV、BF、MTT、PS和HAF差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MSCT灌注成像可对肝移植术后肝血流动力学进行检测.     

慢性肝病患者CT血流灌注与肝纤维化血清指标相关性探讨

目的:探讨肝脏纤维化及早期肝硬化患者CT血流灌注参数与肝纤维化血清指标的相关性。方法:使用GE64层螺旋CT灌注技术计算40例经病理证实不同分期肝纤维化患者及10例正常对照人群肝血流量(blood flow,BF)、肝血容积(blood volume,BV)、肝动脉血流(hepatic arteral fraction,HAF)、平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT)、表面通透性(permeability surface,PS)等血流动力学参数,同时检测肝纤维化血清学指标:血清Ⅲ型胶原(typeIII,procolla-gen peptide)、透明质酸(hyaluronic,HA)、层粘蛋白(laminin,LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(collagen,CIV),并与病理结果对照。结果:自肝炎到早期肝硬化阶段,S0,S2,S4期的HAF呈升高趋势,BV和BF都升高,MTT缩短,PS降低。在不同时期BV、BF、HAF和MTT的差异有统计学意义。血清学指标HA、LN、胶原IV、胶原III及CT灌注指标BV、BF、MTT、PS、HAF之间,除HA与MTT、PS与LN,MTT与IV型胶原呈负相关,其余各指标间均呈正相关。结论:肝脏血流动力学微循环变化反映了肝纤维化及早期肝硬化的病理过程。     

肝硬化CT分级的64层螺旋CT灌注成像分析

目的 探讨肝硬化CT分级的临床价值.方法 对17例健康正常志愿者、54例肝硬化患者行CT灌注扫描,测量其血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、肝动脉分数(HAF)、对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)、血管表面通透性(PS),对获得的相应灌注图进行肝硬化分级分析.结果 CT分级肝硬化程度越重,BF、BV越小,MTT、HAF、PS、肝动脉灌注量(HAP)越大.HAF、HAP在正常肝与轻、中、重度肝硬化之间有明显差异,HAF在中、重度肝硬化组明显增高.HAP在重度肝硬化组明显增高,PS、MTT在各组之间没有统计学意义.结论 通过肝脏的CT灌注研究,进一步证明了肝硬化CT分级确实与肝脏的灌注有一定关系,对临床肝硬化评估有一定价值.     

MSCT灌注成像在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的临床应用

目的 评价MSCT灌注成像对乳腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值.资料与方法 对20例乳腺肿瘤(包括15例乳腺癌和5例纤维腺瘤)的MSCT灌注成像进行回顾性分析.结果 乳腺癌组与对侧正常乳腺组间血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)和表面通透性(PS)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但MTT均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).纤维腺瘤组与乳腺癌组之间的BF、BV和PS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MTT均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).大于2 cm的乳腺癌的中心与边缘之间的BF、BV和 PS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05), MTT均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).小于2 cm的乳腺癌的中心与边缘之间的BF、BV、MTT和PS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MSCT灌注能反映乳腺病变的血液灌注特点,有助于乳腺良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)灌注成像对肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:搜集经病理或临床证实的肾细胞癌患者39例,肾错构瘤2例,肾囊肿11例,肾周感染性病变2例,双肾正常者32例,均行MSCT肾脏灌注扫描。通过后处理软件分析所得灌注参数血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、表面通透性(PS)和平均通过时间(MTT)。结果:正常人两侧肾脏皮质或髓质的BF、BV、MTT、PS无显著性差异。肾癌与正常肾皮质BF、BV、MTT、PS均有显著性意义。而肾癌的BF、BV、PS值低于正常肾皮质,MTT高于正常肾皮质。并且BF值显著高于肾错构瘤、肾囊肿及肾周感染性病变等的BF值。结论:MSCT肾脏灌注成像实现了,肾脏血流的定量研究,对肾肿瘤定性诊断和鉴别诊断方面具有一定的临床应用价值。     

肝炎后肝硬化的CT灌注功能变化研究

目的：研究肝炎后肝硬化形成中的CT灌注变化规律。方法：120例分为正常对照组34例,肝炎肝纤维化组21例,肝炎后肝硬化组65例（Child-Pugh A组27例,Child-Pugh B组23例,Child-Pugh C组15例）经16层CT扫描得到肝脏实质各期的灌注指标：血流量（blood flow,BF）、血容量（blood volume,BV）、平均通过时间（mean transit time,MTT）、毛细血管表面通透性（permeability surface area product,PS）、肝动脉灌注分数（hepatic arterial fraction,HAF）、到达时间（IRF time of arrival,IRFTO）,诸指标分别采用单析因方差分析（one-way ANOVA）评价各时期肝脏灌注指标差异性,P〈0.05被认为有显著性差异。结果：5组肝脏实质BF、BV、MTT、PS、HAF均有统计学意义。随着病程进展,BF、BV逐步下降,MTT、PS、HAF逐渐上升,但在部分阶段改变不明显。结论：在肝炎后肝硬化的形成发展过程中,肝脏实质的灌注指标具有一定的变化规律。     

兔VX2软组织肿瘤模型的建立与MSCT灌注成像研究

目的:建立软组织恶性肿瘤动物模型并研究MSCT灌注成像在软组织肿瘤中的应用价值.材料和方法:12只新西兰大白兔,双侧大腿近段注射VX2肿瘤组织悬液0.1ml,分别于肿瘤组织接种后第7、14、21、28天行CT平扫和灌注扫描,扫描图像经AW4.0工作站处理,计算并分析灌注图像和灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS).结果:所有兔大腿VX2肿瘤组织的BF、BV、PS值明显高于正常肌肉组织(P<0.001),而MTT值则明显低于正常肌肉组织(P<0.001).结论:MSCT灌注成像是一种准确且相对简捷的定量评估软组织肿瘤性病变血流灌注状态的功能成像方法.     

肝炎、肝纤维化和早期肝硬化阶段肝脏CT灌注实验动物的初步研究

目的探讨螺旋CT灌注成像对肝炎、肝纤维化和早期肝硬化诊断的应用价值。方法分别对二乙基亚硝胺诱导的14只肝炎、肝纤维化和早期肝硬化时期的Wistar雄性大鼠和14只正常对照组大鼠行单层动态螺旋CT肝脏灌注扫描,用肝脏灌注分析软件取得不同病变阶段肝实质的灌注参数,并与病理改变作对照研究和统计学分析。结果时间密度灌注曲线合乎数据分析要求。自实验组肝炎到早期肝硬化时期,正常对照组的肝动脉血流(hepaticarterialflow,HAF)呈轻度下降趋势,平均通过时间(meantransittime,MTT)以及肝血流量(bloodflow,BF)、肝血容积(bloodvolume,BV)都有升高趋势;实验组HAF呈升高趋势,肝炎期、肝纤维化期和早期肝硬化期的平均HAF值分别为(0.33±0.23)%、(0.55±0.13)%、(0.70±0.24)%;MTT呈明显延长,3个病变阶段分别为(6.60±2.39)s、(11.41±3.92)s、(15.02±5.21)s;BV和BF都有下降,从肝炎期的(18.05±3.27)ml·100g-1和(152.84±59.12)ml·100g-1·min-1降为肝硬化期的(9.51±3.61)ml·100g-1和(117.59±78.66)ml·100g-1·min-1。统计结果显示实验组在不同时期的HAF和MTT的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);肝炎和早期肝硬化、肝纤维化和早期肝硬化阶段各实验组间BV和BF的差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);肝炎和肝纤维化间差异无统计学意义。肝炎阶段相应灌注层面肝脏的病理改变主要为肝细胞肿大;肝纤维化和早期肝硬化阶段主要是窦隙毛细血管化、血管外Disse间隙胶原沉积。结论CT肝脏灌注扫描能反映肝炎、肝纤维化和早期肝硬化的一些血液动力学改变。动态的肝脏血流灌注参数改变应对临床的早期诊断、治疗和疗效观察有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在胃癌术前评估中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋 CT(MSCT)进行胃癌灌注成像的可行性,评价其在胃癌术前评估中的应用价值.资料与方法67例经胃镜证实的胃癌患者行MSCT 灌注成像扫描,计算肿瘤感兴趣区的灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS).分析胃癌细胞分化程度、临床分期、病理分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移及转移部位与各灌注参数的关系.结果 PS 值在胃癌不同细胞分化程度、TNM 分期、病理分期、有无淋巴结转移、有无远处转移各组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),MTT 值在胃癌各组间差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05),BF、BV 在不同 TNM 分期组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),BF 在病理分期组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05).结论 MSCT 灌注成像能反映胃癌的血流动力学变化,对胃癌的术前评估有重要意义.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.