0.75%罗比卡因与0.75%布比卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉应用于剖宫产手术的评价

目的 比较 ０．７５％罗哌卡因与 ０．７５％布比卡因腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉用于剖宫产手术的可行性。方法 ＡＳＡ－Ⅰ～Ⅱ级初产妇４０例于腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产手术,随机、双盲分两组：Ｒ组（ｎ＝２０）腰麻用药为０．７５％罗哌卡因１．２～１．４ｍｌ（９－１０．５ｍｇ）出组（ｎ＝２０）腰麻用药为０．７５％布比卡因,剂量同Ｒ组。术中两组麻醉效应不足时经硬膜外导管补充１．６％利多卡因。术中连续监测呼吸和循环状况,评估麻醉效应,并观察围术期不良反应的发生及新生儿情况。结果 两组最高阻滞平面及达到时间相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但Ｒ组感觉和运动神经阻滞起效慢,维持时间短（Ｐ＜０．０５）;下肢运动阻滞程度Ｒ组显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;术中Ｒ组有４例（２０％）发生心动过缓,Ｂ组５例（２５％）出现主观气促感;新生儿 Ａｐｇａｒ评分及脐动脉血气值在正常范围内．两组比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论 ０．７５％罗哌卡因用于硬腰联合麻醉剖腹产手术安全有效,与０．７５％布比卡因相比,下肢运动阻滞弱且恢复迅速。     

0.125%及0.2%罗比卡因与0.125%布比卡因用于分娩镇痛的比较

目的：比较０．１２５％及０．２％罗比卡因与０．１２５％布比卡因在病人自控硬膜外镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）分娩镇痛中应用的临床效果。方法：９０例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级足月初产妇，随机分为三组。Ａ组采用０．１２５％罗比卡因（ｎ＝３０）；Ｂ组采用０．２％罗比卡因（ｎ＝３０）；Ｃ组采用０．１２５％布比卡因（ｎ＝３０）。三组均加入芬在μｇ／ｍｌ。首剂负荷量给予１０ｍｌ。采用电子镇痛泵调节持续量为５ｍｌ／ｈ，单次按压量每次２ｍｌ，锁定时间为１５分钟。于宫口开至８～９ｃｍ时再给药１０ｍｌ，宫口开全后停用麻醉药。结果：三组均能提供安全有效的分娩镇痛，产程时间无延长，阴道助产率无增加，剖宫产率显著下降，对胎儿、新生儿无不良影响。两组罗比卡因与布比卡因组比较，缩短产程时间明显，催产素使用率及阴道器械助产率无增加，对产妇下肢活动影响小。结论：与０．１     

0.75%罗哌卡因用于剖宫产手术硬膜外麻醉的研究

目的 评价０．７５％罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉剖宫产手术的临床效果和耐受性,并以０．５％丁哌卡因作为对照组。方法 择期剖宫产手术病人６１例,硬膜外麻醉时随机分别接受０．７５％罗哌卡因或０．５％丁哌卡因,观察感觉阻滞,运动阻滞,术中疼痛,镇痛和腹壁肌松质量及不良反应。     

罗哌卡因用于腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞的临床观察

目的 研究罗哌卡因用于腰麻－硬膜外联合阻滞的安全性和有效性。方法 择期行下肢或会阴部病人６０例,１８～７５岁,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分成三组。用１％罗哌卡因,０．７５％布比卡因和１％地卡因各１ｍｌ,分别加入１０％葡萄糖１ｍｌ和３％麻黄素１ｍｌ配成重比重溶液。用ＤｕｒａｓａｆｅＴＭ型联合阻滞配套针于Ｌ３－４间隙穿刺。以０．１ｍｌ／秒的速率蛛网膜下腔给药１．５－２ｍｌ,术中酌情于硬膜外型联合阻滞配套针于     

罗哌卡因对吗啡术后硬膜外PCA药效学的影响

本研究拟通过对罗哌卡因（Ｒｏｐｉｖａ－ｃａｉｎｅ,Ｒｏｐ）０．１％、０．２％Ｒｏｐ术后吗啡硬膜外病人自控镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）药效学的影响进行研究,为Ｒｏｐ术后ＰＣＥＡ提供客观依据。资料与方法分组与方法选择硬膜外阻滞下经腹子宫全切术的病人６０例,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分成三组,Ｒ_Ⅰ组（ｎ＝２０：镇痛药为０．１％Ｒｏｐ＋０．０１％吗啡（Ｍｏｒ）,采用英国Ｇｒａｓｅｂｙ－９３００ＰＣＡ泵,以ＬＣＰ模式给药,其设置为负荷剂量（５ｍｌ）＋持续剂量（０．５ｍｌ·ｈ~(－１)）＋ＰＣＡ剂量（１ｍｌ／次）,锁定时间１０…     

脑脊液容量对0.5%布比卡因脊麻的影响

为探索脑脊液容量对脊麻平面的影响，２４例拟行下腹部以下手术病人随机分为三组：Ⅰ组（ｎ＝８）为ＣＳＦ自由滴出２～３滴；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝７）抽出ＣＳＦ３ｍｌ；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝９）抽出ＣＳＦ５ｍｌ。所有病人均接受１０ｍｇ０．５％布比卡因，推注速度０．５ｍｌ／ｓ。结果表明，最高头向感觉阻滞平面分别为Ｔ１０．６±１．６７，Ｔ８．６±２．２２和Ｔ４．２±１．１６，Ⅲ组组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示人为减少ＣＳＦ容量有助于脊麻头向扩散。     

罗哌卡因与丁哌卡因硬膜外麻醉剖宫产的药效学比较

目的 将新型酰胺类局部麻醉药罗哌卡因的的药效学与丁哌卡因进行比较。方法 选择行择期剖宫产的产妇２０例,分成两组进行硬膜外麻醉。随机在硬膜外注入０．７５％罗哌卡因。对镇平面及达到最高平面和最低平面所用时间,运动阻滞程度及恢复时间,术中镇痛效果,新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分,不良反应的发生情况,血压和心率的变化进行观察。．     

甘油丁哌卡因硬膜外镇痛效果的研究

研究厂甘油丁哌卡因连续硬膜外注射以延长局麻作用时间。选３０例成人晚期恶性癌肿患者，按疼痛相应部位置入硬膜外导管，随机分为两组，组Ｉ（ｎ＝１３）用０．１２５％丁哌卡因盐水溶液５ｍｌ，当疼痛恢复到用药前程度，然后０．１２５％丁哌卡因和５０％的甘油混合液，经硬膜外导管注入硬膜外腔；组Ⅱ（ｎ＝１７），接受相同形式和浓度的局麻药，给药顺序颠倒，用双盲试验评估。丁哌卡因甘油溶液作用时间明显延长１２．２：７．２小时和１１．６：７．４小时（Ｐ＜０．０１），顺序颠倒对结果未出现明显影响，作用出现时间为３．８±１．３和９．２±１．１分钟与９．９±１．４和３．４±１．８分钟。组Ｉ和组Ⅱ均有显著的差异，比较两者在分布平面上略有差别，但不明显。认为：０．１２５％甘油丁哌卡因溶液连续硬膜阻滞无神经毒性，镇痛的延长效应是由于甘油使丁听卡因的吸收减慢。     

术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛的临床研究

采用硬膜外病人自控镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）技术研究负荷剂量的临床效应，并与传统硬膜外工物镇痛（ＥＤＡ）进行比较，１００例（ＡＳＡＩ～Ⅱ级）手术病例随机分成为４组，Ａ组（ｎ＝３０），用０．２５％布比卡因＋０．００１５％丁丙诺啡，负荷剂量＋ＰＣＥＡ；Ｂ组（ｎ＝３０），Ａ组溶液中加０．００５％吗啡，用法同Ａ组：Ｃ组（ｎ＝２０），ＰＣＥＡ的药液同Ａ组，不同负荷剂量；Ｄ组（ｎ＝２０），药液同Ａ组，单次ＥＤＡ５ｍｌ。     

静脉或硬膜外吗啡PCA药效学和血药浓度变化的临床研究

目的：比较吗啡静和硬膜外ＰＣＡ药效学和病人血药浓度的变化。方法;６０例病人（ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级）随机分成两组。Ａ组（ｎ＝３０）,静脉ＰＣＡ（ＰＣＩＡ）,选用０．０５％吗啡＋０．０１氟哌啶;Ｂ组（ｎ＝３０）;硬膜外ＰＣＡ（ＰＣＥＡ）选用０．０１％吗啡＋０．１５％布比卡因。均采用Ｇｒａｓｅｂｙ－９３００ＰＣＡ泵以ＬＣＰ模式（负荷剂量５ｍｌ＋持续剂量１ｍｌ／ｈ＋ＰＣＡ每次１．０ｍ）进行镇痛。Ａ组１０例和Ｂ组     

0·125% bupivacaine for obstetric analgesia?

A prospective trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of three different concentrations of bupivacaine (Marcain) for use in obstetric epidural analgesia. The purpose of the study was to see if reduction of the concentration of bupivacaine to 0.125% would reduce the total dose of the drug given without reducing the efficiency of the epidural block. The concentrations studies were 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.375%. The trial was limited to fit primiparous patients at term with singleton pregnancies and vertex presentation. Patients with intercurrent medical disease or with toxaemia were excluded. A total of ninety-three patients were studied, and once admitted to the trial they were randomly allocated to one of the three concentrations. In general the results of the trial show that 0.125% bupivacaine had a significantly higher failure rate than either of the other two concentrations, but in those cases where 0.125% was effective and achieved total pain relief there was a significant reduction in the amount of the drug used.     

罗比卡因与布比卡因高位硬膜外阻滞对肺功能影响的比较

目的　探讨 0 375 %罗比卡因与 0 2 5 %布比卡因高胸段硬膜外麻醉对肺功能的影响。方法　选择在胸段硬膜外麻醉下行乳腺切除术的ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者 31例 ,随机分成 0 375 %罗比卡因 (罗 )组和 0 2 5 %布比卡因 (布 )组。麻醉前、后定时测定血压 (BP)、心率 (HR)、血氧饱和度 (SpO2 )、呼吸频率 (RR)、潮气量 (VT)、肺活量 (VC)、用力肺活量 (FVC)、一秒钟用力肺活量 (FEV1)、感觉被阻滞范围以及其他不良反应。结果　硬膜外阻滞 2 0分钟后 ,两组感觉阻滞范围相似 (C4～T8)。两组均显著影响肺功能 :罗组和布组的VC分别从 2 7L降至 1 3L和从 2 6L降至 1 1L ;FVC分别从2 2L降至 1 2L和从 2 1L降至 1 1L ;FEV1分别从 1 7L降至 1 1L和从 1 7L降至 1 1L(P <0 0 1)。VT 值分别从 0 6 2L降至 0 4 3L和 0 4 1L ,RR从 15次 /分上升至 18次 /分 ,HR从 86次 /分降至 6 8次 /分 ,SpO2 下降幅度在 2 %之内 ,BP相似 ,组间无差异。结论　 0 375 %罗比卡因与 0 2 5 %布比卡因均可获得满意的麻醉效果 ,两组都明显影响肺功能。但两组SpO2 、BP均较稳定 ,无明显不良反应发生。     

0．45％盐水氧气射流雾化在气管切开患者中的应用

目的探讨0．45％盐水氧气射流雾化用于气管切开患者的临床效果。方法将60例气管切开患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例，对照组用0．9％氯化钠注射液500ml加庆大霉素8万U、α-糜蛋白酶5mg、地塞米松10mg进行气管内间断滴入湿化，3～5ml／次，每2小时1次；观察组用0．45％盐水氧气射流雾化，每2小时1次，每次15～20min。两组均连续湿化15d。结果观察组痰液黏稠度、痰液活菌比例、肺部感染发生率、气道湿化效果、氧合状态显著优于对照组（均P〈0．01）。结论0．45％盐水氧气射流雾化用于气管切开患者可更好地保持呼吸道通畅，维持适当肺通气、氧合作用，降低肺部感染。     

Dermal patch anesthesia to prevent pain from dermal puncture--10% lidocaine aqueous gel with 3% glycyrrhetinic acid 3-0 hemiphthalate disodium

The clinical efficacies of 10% lidocaine aqueous gel with and without 3% glycyrrhetinic acid 3-0 hemiphthalate disodium (GAHPh) applied as a skin patch for reduction of pain from venous cannulation were evaluated in a double blind study. Twenty-four adult patients, who were scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia, gave informed consent to participate in this study. The patients were allocated randomly into two groups: one for a dermal patch GAHPh (GAHPh group) and the other for a dermal patch without GAHPh (plain group). Approximately 0.3g of either gel with or without GAHPh, soaked in a round sponge (25mm in diameter, 1mm in thickness), was applied over the selected vein on the arm and was covered with an adhesive plastic film (Tegaderm). Pain score was graded by the number of painful spots out of the 5 tests in the treated skin area. In patients with a pain score under 1, venous cannulation was carried out without an intradermal injection of a local anesthetic and pain associated with the cannulation procedure was graded by patients on a scale of 5, where 0 = no pain, 1 = little pain, 2 = moderate pain, 3 = painful, 4 = very painful. The mean application time periods were 59.3 min for the GAHPh group and 60.3 min for the plain group. Transient local redness was observed in 8 patients after removal of the gels; 3 in the GAHPh group and 5 in the plain group. The mean pain score (1.3 +/- 1.5) in the GAHPh group, was significantly lower than that (2.5 +/- 1.7) in the plain group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Rachianesthésie à la bupivacaïne à 0,5 % sans glucose. Effets de l''âge

The effects of age on the characteristics of spinal anaesthesia with plain bupivacaine were investigated in 29 adult patients (less than 50 yr : group I), and 37 older patients (greater than or equal to 80 yr : group II). Three millilitres of 0.5% solution (15 mg) were injected at the L3-L4 interspace in the lateral position; the patients were turned supine immediately afterwards. The onset, extent and duration of sensory and motor blockade, the cardiovascular effects and the quality of anaesthesia were evaluated. Anaesthesia was unsatisfactory in one patient in group I and two patients in group II; they required a supplement with intravenous inhalation anaesthesia. These patients were not included in the analysis of the variables studied. The time to maximum spread was significantly shorter in the group I : 7.3 min versus 9.9 min in group II. A higher sensory spinal blockade was obtained in the older age group (T 10.4 versus T 11.2). There were no significant difference between the two groups in the mean time from the injection to recovery from analgesia in the two uppermost segments (121 min versus 107 min). The mean duration of analgesia at the L2 level did not differ significantly (149 min versus 164 min). All the patients had complete motor blockade of lower limbs. Only the Bromage's degrees 2 and 1 were greater in the elderly's group. In the older group, there was a tendency to a greater decrease in systolic arterial pressure from the preanaesthetic values (-20.9% versus -13%). But moderate falls in mean and diastolic arterial pressures were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Comparison of L-bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2% with bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2% for peribulbar anaesthesia

Background. L-Bupivacaine has a safer side-effect profile thanbupivacaine. We compared the efficacy of a mixture of L-bupivacaine0.75% and lidocaine 2% with bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine2% for peribulbar anaesthesia in cataract surgery. Methods. Ninety patients were allocated randomly to receive8 ml of a mixture of equal parts of bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine2% or an equal volume of L-bupivacaine and lidocaine 2%. Hyaluronidase15 IU ml^–1 was added to both solutions. Results. There were significant differences between the groupsin clinical end-points. The median time at which the block wasadequate to start surgery was 4 min (interquartile range4–8 min) in the bupivacaine group and 8 min (5–12min) in the L-bupivacaine group (P=0.002). Median ocular andeyelid movement scores were similarly significantly decreasedin the bupivacaine group compared with the L-bupivacaine groupat all times (P0.03). There was no difference between groupsin the incidence of minor complications. Conclusions. A mixture of bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2%provides faster onset time than a mixture of L-bupivacaine 0.75%and lidocaine 2%. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 512–14