异丙酚及咪唑安定诱导对心脏瓣膜轩换术患者血液动力学的影响

目的：比较异丙酚和咪唑安定对心脏瓣膜置换术患者在诱导前后对血液动力学的影响。方法：２０例ＡＳＡⅡ－Ⅲ级，成年患者随机分成２组，分别静注异丙酚２ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ｐ组）或咪唑安定０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ｍ组）诱导。局麻下插Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管到肺动脉，分别在诱导前，注药后２、５、１０分钟时测血液动力学变化。结果，Ｐ组ＳＰ、ＤＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＣＯ在诱导后２分钟即显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０５），Ｍ组ＳＰ、ＤＰ、ＭＡＰ和ＣＯ     

咪唑安定和异丙酚麻醉诱导对心脏瓣膜病人血液动力学的影响

本研究采用Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管和热稀释测定方法,观察心脏瓣膜手术在咪唑安定和异丙酚麻醉诱导和气管插管时的血液动力学变化。资料和方法择期心瓣膜手术病人２６例。麻醉前随机分成咪唑安定组（Ｍ组）和异丙酚组（Ｐ组）。Ｍ组男４例、女９例,平均年龄３９．９岁、身高１５９．５ｃｍ、体重４９．４ｋｇ;Ｐ组男５例、女８例,平均年龄３７．５岁、身高１６０．８ｃｍ、体重５２．８ｋｇ。麻醉前半小时肌注哌替啶１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、安定７．５～１０ｍｇ及东莨菪碱０．３ｍｇ。麻醉诱导：Ｍ组用Ｒｏｃｈｅ公司产咪唑安定０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ…     

7种常用静脉麻醉药对血流动力学影响的比较

比较常用静脉麻醉药对血流动力学的影响。方法：８０９例拟行全麻醉患者随机分成八组,分别给予生理盐水１０ｍｌ、硫喷妥钠６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、异丙酚２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ咪唑安定０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,依托咪酯丙二醇制剂０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,依托咪酯乳剂０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ、氯胺酮２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和芬太尼５μｇ／ｋｇ。用Ｕｌｔｉｍａ监测仪和阻抗法记录并计算血液动力学有关参数。结果：ＢＰ而言,其降幅排序为异丙酚〉咪唑安定〉硫喷妥钠〉硫喷     

异丙酚对血压、心率及内皮依赖性血管调节的影响

目的;观察异丙酚麻醉诱导对血压,心率及内皮依赖性血管调节的影响。方法：心肺功能正常的择期非心脏手术病人１８例,用异丙酚２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,芬太尼４μｇ／ｋｇ,潘库溴铵０．０８ｍｇ／ｋｇ和琥珀胆碱１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ麻醉诱导。记录诱导前,插管前和插管后１,３和５分钟时ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ,ＭＡＰ和ＨＲ,同时测定血浆内皮素－１,前列环素和血栓素２变化。结果：插管前ＳＢＰ,ＤＢＰ和ＭＡＰ均较诱导前明显降低,降幅分别     

异丙酚麻醉和腹腔镜胆囊切除术对血流动力学的影响

目的;了解异丙酚麻醉和腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）对血流动力学的影响。方法;在８例非肥胖ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ级患者使用异丙酚２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,静脉诱导前,后５和１０分名目气腹（腹内压０．６７,１．３３和２ｋＰａ）,反向屈氏卧位后５,２０和３５分钟。放气后２,１５和３０分钟,分别测录ＭＡＰ,肺动脉压,肺毛细血管楔压,ＣＶＰ,心输出量（热稀释法）。     

川芎嗪对大鼠在体缺氧性肺血管收缩反应的影响

以大鼠在体（ｉｎ ｖｉｖｏ）全血恒流灌注模型观察川穹嗪对缺氧性肺血管收缩（ＨＰＶ）反应的影响。血液恒流灌入肺动脉的速度为１４ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，平均肺动脉压（ＭＰＡＰ）为２．４４±０．４２ｋＰａ，吸入３％Ｏ２＋４％ＣＯ２＋９３％Ｎ２混合气后，ＭＰＡＰ明显升高至３．６９±０．５５ｈＰａ，产生ＨＰＶ反应。当注入川芎嗪４ｍｇ／ｋｇ和 ８ｍｇ／ｋｇ后， ＭＰＡＰ分别下降至 ２． ９０± ０． ３０ｋＰａ和 ２． ４８± ０． ３３ｋＰａ，抑制升压反应分别为 ６３％和９６％。结果表明，川芎嗪可明显抑制ＨＰＶ且与剂量有关。     

乌拉地尔预防气管插管时心血管反应的观察

４６例（ＡＳＡＩ￣Ⅱ）全麻择期手术患者随机分为Ａ（ｎ＝２３）、Ｂ（ｎ＝２３）两组。麻醉用安定０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２．５％硫喷妥钠５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、琥珀胆碱１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ快速诱导气管插管。组Ａ在琥珀胆碱后即静注乌拉地尔０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果：组Ａ插管后心血管反应较稳定，ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ和ＲＰＰ分别升高６％、１２％、１５％、２４％和２８％；组Ｂ插管后上述参数分别升高３０％、３７％、３３％、４８     

三度房室传导阻滞行房间隔缺损修补术麻醉一例

患者．女，２６岁，体重４６ｋｇ。先天性心脏病、房间隔缺损（ＡＳＤ），拟行ＡＳＤ修补术。术前心电图诊断为三度房室传导阻滞（ⅢＡ－ＶＢ）、结性逸搏心率。超声心动：ＡＳＤⅡ孔型３３．５ｍｍ，三尖瓣中度返流；胸部正位片：肺血多、右房及右室大。术前３０分钟肌肉注射阿托品０．５ｍｇ、哌替啶５０ｍｇ。入手术室监护仪连接后ＨＲ７２次／分，心电图仍为典型皿Ⅲ１－ＶＢ（交界部），桡动脉穿刺直接测压（ＡＢＰ）１８．６７／１０．６７ｋＰａ。麻醉诱导以静脉注射安定５ｍｇ、２．５％硫喷妥钠（ＳＰ）１０ｍｌ、氯胺酮７０ｍｇ、…     

不同肺动脉高压病人心瓣膜手术期间氧代谢及血液动力学的变化

目的 研究不同肺动脉高压病人心瓣膜手术期间氧代谢及血液动力学的变化。方法 ３６例择期行心瓣膜手术病人根据术前肺动脉平均压（ＰＡＭＰ）分为两组,组ⅠＰＡＭＰ〈４．０ｋＰａ,组ⅡＰＡＭＰ〉４．０ｋＰＡ,采用Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管及反向Ｆｉｃｋ方法,麻醉手术期间对氧代谢及血液动力学进行测定。结果 麻醉前组Ⅱ的ＤＯ２、ＰｖＯ２和Ｏ２ＥＲ与组Ⅰ组比存在显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＣＰＢ前组Ⅰ的ＤＯ２。组Ⅱ的     

异丙酚诱异对心瓣膜手术病人血流动力学的影响

目的和方法：采用Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管及热稀释法检测心搏量技术,观测心瓣膜手术病人异丙酚（１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）诱导时的血流动力学（血动学）变化。结果：两组病人麻醉前血动学紊乱主要表现为右心后负荷及作功增加;给予异丙酚１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ后２ｍｉｎ,ＨＲ、ＣＩ、ＭＰＡＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＭＣＷＰ、ＬＶＷＩ、ＲＶＷＩ较麻醉前明显降低,在无气管插管操作刺激的Ａ组中可一直持续,并超近１０ｍｉｎ;Ｂ组病人麻醉后３ｍｉｎ行     

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension results from incomplete resolution of a pulmonary embolus or from recurrent pulmonary emboli. Its incidence is underappreciated, and it is currently an undertreated phenomenon. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is currently the safest and most effective treatment for this condition. The surgery involves midline sternotomy, profound hypothermic circulatory arrest, and complete endarterectomy of the pulmonary vascular tree. Success depends on effective coordination of multiple medical teams, including pulmonary medicine, anesthesiology, and surgery. This review, based on the past 30 years of experience at University of California San Diego Medical Center, includes information about the clinical history, diagnostic workup, anesthesia, surgical approach, and postoperative care. Outcome data are discussed, as are avenues for future research.     

Acquired pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary artery compression

Three patients suffering from acquired pulmonary stenosis are described resulting from compression of the main pulmonary artery by anterior mediastinal teratoma, Hodgkin's disease, and aneurysm of the ascending aorta, respectively; also four others who had compression of the right or left primary branch of the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery compression was demonstrated angiographically in every case, and in the patient with right and left pulmonary artery compression the main pulmonary artery pressure tracing was characteristic of bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis. Cardiac catheterization and selective angiography are indicated in patients who have evidence of right ventricular outflow obstruction to determine the site and severity of the obstruction and to differentiate between extrinsic compression and intrinsic stenosis.     

Radiographic signs of pulmonary embolism and pulmonary infarction

A comparative analysis of the radiographic features in a group of patients dying with pulmonary embolism and/or pulmonary infarction, and a group without but suspected of having the conditions before death, showed that two radiologists could diagnose pulmonary infarction correctly in 70% of cases. The most useful radiographic sign was elevation of the diaphragm often with slight atelectasis and a small unilateral effusion. The plain chest radiograph was of little value in diagnosing pulmonary embolism without infarction.     

Recurrent pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension in chronic tetraplegia

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe an unusual case of progressive pulmonary hypertension due to recurrent pulmonary embolism in a chronically paralyzed spinal cord injury patient. SETTING: Veterans Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, MA, USA. SUBJECT: A 57-year-old man, tetraplegic, sensory incomplete and motor complete for 30 years due to a diving accident, complained of lightheadedness and shortness of breath intermittently for 7 years. Examination during the latest episode revealed anxiety, confusion, respirations 28 per min, blood pressure 80/60 mmHg, and arterial pH 7.41, P(CO2) 28 mmHg, P(O2) 95 mmHg on 2 l of oxygen. A chest film 2 weeks earlier had revealed a right-sided cutoff of pulmonary vasculature; the current film showed right-sided pleural effusion. Review of EKGs showed a trend of increasing right axis deviation with recovery and recurrences during the previous 9 years and a current incomplete right bundle branch block with clockwise rotation and inverted T waves in V1-4. Computerized tomography with contrast material revealed small pulmonary emboli, but only in retrospect. The patient died shortly after scanning. AUTOPSY: The pulmonary arteries were free of thromboemboli on gross examination but medium and small-sized arteries were constricted or obliterated with thrombotic material microscopically. The estimated ages of the thromboemboli ranged from days to years. The right ventricle was hypertrophied; the coronary arteries were patent. CONCLUSION: Recurrent pulmonary emboli resulted in chronic pulmonary hypertension and eventual death in a patient with chronic tetraplegia.     

肺动脉高压幼犬肺动脉压力与肺动脉结构的关系

目的 探讨肺动脉高压（ＰＨ）时肺动脉压力（ＰＡＰ）与结构的关系。方法 实验幼犬１５条,分２组：分流组（ｎ＝１２）,正常对照组（ｎ＝３）。分流术后９０ｄ两组行血流动力学检测后,放血处死,肺组织切片行病理学检测。结果 （１）分流组左下肺动脉压（ＰＬＬＰＡ）由１．３６ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝０．７５ｍｍＨｇ）升至１１．１３ｋＰａ,左下肺血管阻力（ＬＬＰＶＲ）由５．６５Ｗｏｏｄ’ｓ单位升至１４．３１Ｗｏｏｄ’ｓ