罗氏Modular全自动生化分析系统脂类项目性能验证实验分析

目的:评价罗氏Modular全自动生化分析系统项目总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的分析性能。方法:按照临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)指南文件EP5、EP15、EP6和其他相关文献的实验方案,对罗氏Modular全自动生化分析仪检测TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C的精密度、准确度、线性范围及生物参考区间进行了验证,并与厂商声明的性能或公认的质量标准进行比较。结果:批内精密度均小于1/4Tea(CLIA’88),批间精密度均小于1/3Tea(CLIA’88);准确度实验结果为各项目的平均偏倚(SE%)在1.596%～10.67%之间,低于卫生部允许的偏差范围;各项目可报告范围试验测定值结果与预测值接近,重复试验各项目结果相关性好(r>0.975),线性理想(斜率接近1);生物参考区间与厂商提供的性能指标相符。结论:罗氏Modular全自动生化分析仪检测项目TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C在精密度、准确度、线性范围及生物参考区间四个方面均达到了临床生化检验的实验要求。     

应用EP9-A文件对三台生化分析仪的比对分析

目的探讨不同生化分析仪检测结果的可比性和临床可接受性。方法以罗氏试剂、罗氏cfas校准液、罗氏7600全自动生化分析仪为标准检测系统,标佳试剂及自带校准液、雅培AEROSET全自动生化分析仪为待检测系统（以下简称雅培A）,德赛试剂及自带校准液、另一台雅培AEROSET全自动生化分析仪为另一待检测系统（以下简称雅培M）。用罗氏7600、雅培A和雅培M检测系统同时测定40份新鲜人血清的总蛋白（TP）、肌酐（Crea）、钙（Ca）和镁（Mg）四项生化指标,并将所得结果根据NCCLS提供的标准化文件EP9-A中的对比方法进行线性回归分析。结果同一新鲜混合血清在三台仪器上检测cv均〈2．5％,精密度良好,结果稳定。四个项目的相关系数Rz均〉0．95,说明各检测系统有良好的线性和相关性。雅培A系统Crea、Ca和Mg在医学决定水平L值处的相对系统误差（sE％）〉1／2CLIA-88允许误差（Ea％）,其余值均〈I／2CLIA’88Ea％;雅培M系统Crea和ca的H值及Mg的M、H值的sE％〈1／2CLIA’88Ea％,其余值均〉I／2CLIA’88Ea％。结论雅培A系统偏倚可接受,基本能得到具有一致临床意义的检测结果;雅培M系统大部分系统误差不可接受,应根据回归方程系数进行相应调整。实验室对比试验能对检测能力进行有效的质量监控,实验室其他项目对比工作需要不断完善。     

不同生化检测系统测定项目的可比性及临床可接受性研究

目的:通过对不同检测系统进行方法比对分析,探讨各系统之间检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和血糖(GLU)五个项目测定结果具可比性。方法:依据美国临床实验室与标准化委员会(NCCLS)的EP-A2有关文件,选择具有代表性的五个检测项目,首先研究各个系统的精密度,再通过系统间的比对进行准确度、相关性分析。以日立(Hitachi)7600-110全自动生化分析仪作目标检测系统1,日立7170作实验检测系统2,强生(Vitros-)350全自动干式生化分析仪作为比对仪实验检测系统3,每天选取2份新鲜混合血清,分别在三台仪器上测定该五个项目,共测20次取其均值并记录结果。结果:五个项目在三个检测系统的日内精密度均小于CLIA’88(美国临床实验室修正法规)允许总误差(TEa)的1/4,日间精密度小于CLIA’88TEa的1/3;各个试验系统与目标系统比对的相关系数r>0.975,P>0.5,系统误差(SE%)小于CLIA’88规定的Ea的1/2。结论:三个检测系统的检测项目结果准确可靠,相关性良好,临床可以接受。     

奥林巴斯AU2700全自动生化分析仪测定电解质项目的性能验证研究

目的：评价奥林巴斯 AU2700全自动生化分析仪测定电解质项目的分析性能。方法：按照美国临床实验室标准化组织（CLSI）指南文件和其他相关文献的实验方案,分析奥林巴斯 AU2700全自动生化分析仪测定电解质项目的精密度、准确度、线性及可报告范围等。结果：AU2700全自动生化分析仪检测K＋批内CV分别为1.84%、0.89%,批间 CV 分别为2.08%、4.20%,Na＋批内 CV 分别为0.05%、0.94%,Na＋批间 CV 分别0.64%、0.81%,Cl-批内 CV 分别为0.88%、0.75%,Cl-批间 CV 分别为1.12%、1.21%,均满足CLIA88标准。正确度：检测结果在室间质评的允许范围。线性：K＋ Y=1.0085X-0.0312,a=1.0085,r 2=0.99;Na＋ Y=9998X-0.0055,a=0.9998,r 2=1;Cl- Y=0.9895X＋1.8413,a=0.9895,r 2=0.99。可报告范围：K＋0.68-11.8 mmol/L,Na＋37-288.6 mmol/L,Cl-37.1-246.6 mmol/L。结论：奥林巴斯AU2700全自动生化分析仪检测电解质项目在精密度、准确度、线性范围等方面均达到了生物化学检验实验室的要求,可用于临床标本检测。     

散射比浊法检测CRP的方法学评价研究

目的评价西门子BNII全自动特定蛋白分析仪检测CRP的分析性能。方法根据CLSI系列文件（EP15-A、EP9-A2、EP7-A2）和其他相关文献的实验方案,对BNII全自动特定蛋白分析仪CRP检测的精密度、准确度、比对实验、干扰等方面进行分析,并将结果与厂商声明的性能或公认的质量标准进行比较。结果 CRP含量在13.84mg/L和55.6mg/L时批内不精密度（CV）分别为3.32%和3.58%,小于厂家声明的CV为4.0%和5.7%;两个浓度校准品检测结果与靶值的相对偏倚分别为6.06%和6.16%,均少于1/2CLIA’88水平（12.5%）;与罗氏Modular全自动生化分析仪的免疫透射比浊法比较,相关系数为0.9995,线性回归方程为y=0.9527x＋0.3552,预期偏差可接受;干扰实验结果显示F-Bil0.2g/L、C-Bil0.4g/L、Hb4.82g/L、乳糜835浊度对CRP检测时干扰差异无统计学意义。结论西门子BNII全自动特定蛋白分析仪CRP检测的主要分析性能符合质量目标要求。     

不同检测系统间生化检测结果的可比性分析

目的：通过对不同检测系统进行方法对比分析,探讨各系统检测生化常规结果是否具有可比性。方珐：参照美国临床实验室标准化委员会EP9-A文件要求,以可溯源的AU5400全自动生化仪作为目标检测系统,用日立7170A全自动生化分析仪作为自建检测系统,用病人新鲜血清对自建检测系统的10项生化结果与目标系统进行比对,计算自建检测系统（Y）与目标检测系统（X）之间的相对偏差（SE％）,以美国临床实验室改进修正方案（CLIA’88）对室间质评的允许误差（Errorallowable,Ea）为判断依据,判断检验结果的可比性。结果：两系统的常规10项生化结果误差临床均可接受。结论：在同一实验室同一检测项目在2个以上的检测系统检测时,应该进行偏倚评估及方法比对试验,从而判断其在临床的可接受性能,用以保证检验结果的可比性。     

奥林巴斯试剂用于7170A全自动生化分析仪的溯源性分析

目的研究现用奥林巴斯试剂在7170A全自动生化分析仪上使用的溯源性。方法依据美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS,NCCLS)EP9-A文件,每天取患者样本8份。用奥林巴斯试剂分别与奥林巴斯校准品和罗氏校准品在7170A全自动生化分析仪上进行测定常规中15项生化指标,连续测定5天,记录测定结果,计算线性方程和相关系数,并以美国CLIA′88对室间评估的允许误差为判断依据进行结果的判断。结果奥林巴斯试剂系统在7170A上所测得的结果相关性良好,除了GGT的低浓度范围,其余项目的一定浓度范围均可在7170A全自动生化分析仪上使用奥林巴斯试剂系统。奥林巴斯试剂与罗氏校准品在7170A全自动生化分析仪上使用时,因误差大,不能用于检测许多项目。结论奥林巴斯试剂系统在7170A仪器上使用,能基本得到具有临床意义一致的检测结果。奥林巴斯试剂与罗氏校准品不能配套使用于该仪器上。     

两台生化分析仪同一检测项目结果比对和偏差评估

目的 对罗氏MODULAR P800全自动生化分析仪和强生Vitros950干式生化分析仪部分相同项目检测结果进行比对和偏差评估,探讨同一检测项目不同生化分析仪测定结果的可比性.方法 参照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)EP9-A2文件要求,分别在2台仪器上测定病人新鲜混合血清,以罗氏MODULAR P800全自动生化分析仪检测系统作为比对系统,强生Vitros 950干式生化分析仪作为试验系统,用相关回归分析和配对t检验对相同项目的检测结果进行比对和偏差评估,应用医学决定水平处的系统误差作为方法学比对,以美国临床实验室修正法规(CLIA'88)规定的室间质量评价允许总误差范围的1/2为标准,判断不同检测系统的临床可接受性.结果 2台生化分析仪经过比对和校正,多数项目检测结果具有较好的可比性.结论 通过对同一检测项目不同生化分析仪测定结果进行比对和偏差评估,有助于验证不同检测系统相同检测项目结果间的相关性,以保证检验结果的一致性,有助于仪器评价、校正,满足临床需要.     

自建检测系统与标准检测系统对不同生化项目检测结果的可比性分析

目的探讨自建检测系统和标准检测系统检测不同生化项目检测结果的可比性,为实验室认可和不同检测系统间结果互认提供依据。方法根据美国临床实验室标准化协会(NCCLS)文件EP9-A2和美国临床检验修正法规CLIA′88,检测患者血清中不同常规生化项目结果,其中,检测系统X为比较方法,Y1、Y2为试验方法。对所得结果进行回归统计分析,以CLIA′88允许总误差的1/2为标准,判定检测系统的临床可接受水平。结果自建系统Y1、Y2所有项目SE%≤1/2CLIA′88,均在验证区间内,临床可接受。结论实验室自建检测系统与标准检测系统常规生化项目检验结果一致,具有较好的可比性,检验性能得到了验证。     

德灵BNII全自动蛋白分析仪的性能评价

目的对德灵BNII全自动蛋白分析仪的使用性能进行评价。方法采用质控样品和人血清样本,对BNII全自动蛋白分析仪测定免疫球蛋白G、A、M（IgG、IgA、IgM）3个项目的精密度、准确度、线性、参考区间和携带污染进行评价实验。结果各项目批内精密度小于CLIA’88的1/4的要求（〈5%）,批间精密度〈CLIA’88的1/3的要求（〈7.55%）。IgG、IgA、IgM的准确度分别为91.06%、94.83%和92.31%;线性实验表明,样本的稀释度与测定浓度值线性相关性良好;参考区间在允许范围内;携带污染符合要求。结论德灵BNII全自动蛋白分析仪的各项主要评价指标均较好,能够准确可靠地进行临床标本分析检测。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.