运动加强尼尔雌醇对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响效应

用测定骨元素含量的方法,观察运动和尼尔雌醇(CCE3)联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠40只,用抽签法随机分成5组:正常对照组;假手术组;去卵巢组;去卵巢+CCE3组;去卵巢+CCE3+运动组。去卵巢+CCE3组和去卵巢+CCE3+运动组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予CCE3灌胃,0.5 mg/(kg.BW),1次/w,持续11周。去卵巢+CCE3+运动组于去卵巢术后第7 d开始运动训练,每周5 d,每天连续匀速跑45 min,16 m/min,跑道倾角0°,持续10周。结果表明,去卵巢组大鼠骨Ca、S、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量均明显低于假去卵巢组,骨P含量明显高于假去卵巢组;去卵巢+CCE3组大鼠骨Ca、S、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量虽然较去卵巢组明显增加,但仍显著低于假去卵巢组;运动与CCE3联合应用后,去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、S、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量均显著回升,骨P含量显著回降,并且基本恢复到对照组水平。提示运动可加强CCE3对抗由于去卵巢引起的大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱。     

氟化钠对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响

用测定骨元素含量的方法,分析氟化钠(NaF)对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠24只,用抽签法随机分成4组:正常对照组、假去卵巢组、去卵巢组、去卵巢+NaF组。去卵巢+NaF组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予NaF溶液灌胃,1 mg/(kg.BW),1次/d,持续11周。结果表明,去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、、Mg、Zn、Co、Mn等元素含量显著降低,骨P含量增加。NaF可使去卵巢大鼠降低的骨Ca、S、Mg、Co、Mn等元素含量回升,骨P含量回降。NaF可纠正去卵巢大鼠所致的骨元素代谢紊乱。     

复方丹参合剂对去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢的影响

目的:观察复方丹参合剂对抗去卵巢大鼠骨元素代谢紊乱的作用。方法:将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠36只,随机分成6组。A组(正常对照);B组(假去卵巢);C组(去卵巢);D组(去卵巢+合剂小剂量);E组(去卵巢+合剂中等剂量);F组(去卵巢+合剂大剂量)。去卵巢后第2 d开始,连续用药11周。用测定骨元素含量的方法,分析了复方丹参合剂(三种不同浓度)对切除双侧卵巢后的大鼠骨矿物元素代谢的影响。结果:去卵巢大鼠骨Ca、S、Mg、Mn等元素明显降低,骨P含量增加,复方丹参合剂可使去卵巢大鼠降低的骨Ca、S、Mg、Mn等矿物元素均显著回升,骨P回降。结论:复方丹参合剂具有良好的对抗由于去卵巢引起骨元素代谢紊乱作用。     

骨矿含量与全血微量元素的关系

本文采用原子吸收光谱技术和BMD—4型骨矿扫描仪,检测200例正常成人的全血Zn、Cu、Ca、Mg、Mn,Se、Cr、Fe、Al、P等10种微量元素和桡、尺骨骨矿含量,以探讨微量元素对骨代谢的影响。骨矿含量偏低组的全血Cu、Ca、Zn含量明显低于骨矿含量正常组(P<0.01)。经逐步回归分析,元素Mn、Mg、Al、Cu、Se与骨矿含量关系密切,提示该五种元素的变化对骨代谢有一定影响。     

蛇床子总香豆素对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症大鼠骨矿和骨微量元素的影响

目的研究蛇床子总香豆素（TCFC）对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症骨组织骨矿和微量元素含量的影响。方法切除大鼠双侧卵巢制作骨质疏松症动物模型，测定动物骨组织中Ca、P、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg等元素含量。结果模型组大鼠骨组织中的Ca、P、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg的含量显著降低，蛇床子总香豆素各组可明显增加去卵巢大鼠骨组织中微量元素的含量。结论蛇床子总香豆素对雌激素缺乏引起的骨矿和微量元素丢失具有明显的防治作用。     

卵巢切除合并慢性铝染毒大鼠中枢外某些元素含量的变化及雌激素的干预效应

目的探讨卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒及雌激素干预对某些元素在中枢外组织分布和尿液排泄的影响。方法6月龄雌性SD大鼠40只,随机等分为卵巢假切组(Sham组)、卵巢切除组(OVX组)、卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒组(OVX+Al组)、卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒及尼尔雌醇灌胃组(OVX+Al+E2组)。Sham组,切除腹腔卵巢体积大小的脂肪组织,以普通饲料喂养;OVX组,切除双侧卵巢,以普通饲料喂养;OVX+Al组,双侧卵巢切除,并以25mg/g的AlCl3.6H2O的饲料喂养;OVX+Al+E2组,双侧卵巢切除,以25mg/g的AlCl3.6H2O的饲料喂养并以尼尔雌醇灌胃(1次/周,每次0.125mg/kg)。手术3个月后,代谢笼收集24h尿液,处死动物取组织。用等离子体发射光谱仪测定肝脏、肾脏、心脏、脊髓、胫骨、骨骼肌和尿的硝解溶液中某些元素含量。结果(1)与Sham组比较,OVX组的心脏Zn降低(P<0.001)。(2)与Sham组比较,OVX+Al组的心脏Zn降低(P<0.001),Si升高(P<0.05);胫骨Mg降低(P<0.05);骨骼肌Cu升高(P<0.001),Se、Si降低(P<0.001,P<0.05);脊髓Se降低(P<0.05);肝脏Cu、Zn、Fe降低(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.01),Ca升高(P<0.01);尿液Al、Ca、Mg升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05)。(3)与OVX组比较,OVX+Al组的心脏Si升高(P<0.05)、Zn降低(P<0.001);胫骨Cu、Mg降低(P<0.05,P<0.05)。(4)与Sham组比较,OVX+Al+E2组的心脏Al、Cd、Si、Se升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.001);胫骨Se、Cd升高(P<0.01,P<0.001);肾脏Al升高(P<0.05);骨骼肌Mn、Cu升高(P<0.05,P<0.001),Se降低(P<0.001);脊髓Al、Se、Ca降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05);肝脏Mn、Zn、Si升高(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05);尿液Cd、Mg、Se、Al、Ca升高(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001)。(5)与OVX+Al组比较,OVX+Al+E2组的心脏Cd、Mn、Se升高(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01);胫骨Al、Mg、Se、Cd、Mn升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001);骨骼肌Mn、Cu升高(P<0.05,P<0.001),Se降低(P<0.001);脊髓Se降低(P<0.05);肝脏Al、Ca降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),Cu、Si、Fe、Mg、Mn、Zn升高(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001);尿液Se、Al、Cd、Mg、Si、Ca升高(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论长期去卵巢可使大鼠心脏Zn向其它组织器官转移。长期去卵巢合并慢性铝中毒影响的中枢外主要脏器是心脏、骨骼肌和肝脏,影响的元素主要是Zn、Si、Cu和Se。慢性铝中毒可使长期去卵巢大鼠的Si向心脏转移,并进一步促进雌激素缺乏导致的心脏Zn的外转移。补充雌激素可以促进铝的尿排泄。     

牛乳碱性蛋白对正常和去卵巢大鼠骨代谢的影响

目的探讨牛乳碱性蛋白(MBP)对正常大鼠和去卵巢大鼠骨代谢的影响。方法将60只去除卵巢雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术、去卵巢对照以及去卵巢低、中、高剂量5组;将另外44只正常雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照、正常低、中、高剂量4组。分别采用10、20、30mg/kgbwMBP给大鼠连续灌胃90d,检测股骨近心端、中段和远心端骨密度,同时检测股骨中Ca、Mg、P等矿物元素含量。结果正常低剂量组大鼠股骨远心端骨密度显著高于正常对照组;而各剂量MBP对去卵巢大鼠的骨密度无显著作用;正常各组之间以及去卵巢组之间比较,骨矿物质含量虽无统计学差异,但可以观察到其水平上的上升趋势。结论10mg/kg.bw的MBP能提高正常生理状态下的峰值骨密度,以股骨远心端效果最好,但未见MBP对去卵巢大鼠骨密度的影响。MBP除影响骨骼中矿物元素含量外,还可能通过其他方式作用于骨代谢。     

氟化钠对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响

用测定骨矿盐含量的方法,分析氟化钠(NaF)对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠24只,用抽签法随机分成4组:正常对照组、假去卵巢组、去卵巢组、去卵巢+NaF组。去卵巢+NaF组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予NaF溶液灌胃,1 mg/(kg.BW),1次/d,持续11周。结果表明,去卵巢组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重/骨干重(%)均明显低于假去卵巢组(P<0.01);去卵巢+NaF组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重/骨干重(%)均较去卵巢组增加(P<0.01)。提示NaF对抗由于去卵巢所引起的骨矿盐含量降低在防治骨质疏松中起重要作用。     

危重症儿童血清中微量元素分析

对35例危重儿童血清中Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn进行了检测。结果表明:与正常儿童相比,患儿血清中Zn含量显著降低(P<0.05),Fe含量显著升高(P<0.05),Ca、P、Mg、Cu含量差异无显著性(P值均>0.10)。提示患儿危重症与Zn、Fe元素含量有关。     

运动与复方丹参合剂联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响

用测定骨矿盐含量的方法,观察运动和复方丹参合剂(compound Danshen mixture,CDM)联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐代谢的影响。将健康4月龄雌性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠48只,按体重随机分成6组:正常对照组;假去卵巢组;去卵巢组;去卵巢+CDM组;去卵巢+运动组;去卵巢+CDM+运动组。去卵巢+CDM组和去卵巢+CDM+运动组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2 d开始给予CDM溶液灌胃,10 ml/(kg·d),持续11周。去卵巢+运动组和去卵巢+CDM+运动组大鼠于去卵巢术后第7 d开始给予中等强度的运动训练,每周5 d,每天连续匀速跑45 min,16 m/min,跑道倾角0°,持续10周。结果表明,去卵巢组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重占骨干重百分比等指标均低于假去卵巢组(P0.01);去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组和去卵巢+运动组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重占骨干重百分比等指标虽然较去卵巢组增加(P0.05或P0.01),但仍低于假去卵巢组(P0.05或P0.01);去卵巢+复方丹参合剂+运动组大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重占骨干重百分比等指标均高于去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组和去卵巢+运动组(P0.05或P0.01)。提示运动可加强复方丹参合剂抗去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐丢失的作用。     

利骨素预防去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐丢失的实验研究

目的:观察利骨素对去卵巢大鼠骨矿盐丢失的预防作用。方法:健康4月龄SD雌性大鼠24只,随机分成4组,A组(正常对照);B组(假去卵巢);C组(去卵巢);D组(去卵巢+利骨素)。取左股骨测定骨矿盐含量。结果:去卵巢大鼠骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨灰重、骨灰重/体重、骨灰重占骨干重(%)等指标均明显降低,持续服用利骨素11周,可使实验组大鼠上述指标明显高于去卵巢组。提示:利骨素有良好的预防去卵巢引起的骨矿盐丢失作用。     

Prolonged feeding of difructose anhydride III increases strength and mineral concentrations of the femur in ovariectomized rats

This study demonstrates that feeding difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) improves bone strength and femoral mineral concentrations in a rat model of oestrogen deficiency. We showed the relationship between Ca, Mg and P absorption and bone characteristics in rats. Two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) underwent bilateral ovariectomy (ovariectomized rats, OVX rats) or bilateral laparotomy (sham rats). At 10 weeks old, OVX and sham rats were divided into three subgroups and fed a control, 1.5 % DFAIII or 3 % DFAIII diet for 8 weeks, respectively. Ca but not Mg absorption rates were lowered by ovariectomy; however, ingestion of the 1.5 % and 3 % DFAIII diets similarly restored the reduced Ca absorption in OVX rats at 4 and 8 weeks after feeding of the test diets. DFAIII increased Mg absorption dose-dependently in sham and OVX rats. The bone strength, femoral Ca and Mg concentrations, and distal bone mineral density in the 3 % DFAIII group were higher than those in the control group in OVX rats. The absorption rates of Ca and Mg were significantly correlated with femoral Ca and Mg concentrations and strength, which suggests that increasing both Ca and Mg absorption improves bone characteristics in OVX rats. There were no differences in any of the variables in the femur between the 1.5 % and 3 % DFAIII groups in OVX rats. In conclusion, feeding of a low dose of DFAIII increased intestinal Ca and Mg absorption, and the promotive effect of DFAIII persisted for over 8 weeks. This effect was associated with prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia.     

Short- and long-term effects of calcium and exercise on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats

At the level of prevention of bone mineral loss produced by ovariectomy, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect produced by supplementation of Ca in the diet and a moderate exercise programme (treadmill), simultaneously or separately, in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of postmenopausal bone loss. Female Wistar rats (n 110, 15 weeks old) were divided into five groups: (1) OVX, rats ovariectomized at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (2) SHAM, rats sham operated at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (3) OVX-EX, ovariectomized rats, fed a standard diet and performing the established exercise programme; (4) OVX-Ca, ovariectomized rats fed a diet supplemented with Ca; (5) OVX-EXCa, ovariectomized rats with the exercise programme and diet supplemented with Ca. The different treatments were initiated 1 week after ovariectomy and were continued for 13 weeks for subgroup 1 and 28 weeks for subgroup 2, to look at the interaction of age and time passed from ovariectomy on the treatments. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined, at the end of the study, in the lumbar spine (L2, L3 and L4) and in the left femur using a densitometer. Bone turnover was also estimated at the end of the study, measuring the serum formation marker total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and the resorption marker serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). As expected, OVX rats showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in BMD, more pronounced in subgroup 2, and a significant increase in AP and TRAP with regard to their respective SHAM group. The simultaneous treatment with Ca and exercise produced the best effects on lumbar and femoral BMD of ovariectomized rats, partially avoiding bone loss produced by ovariectomy, although it was not able to fully maintain BMD levels of intact animals. This combined treatment produced a significant increase in AP, both in subgroups 1 and 2, and a decrease in TRAP in subgroup 1, with regard to OVX group. The exercise treatment alone was able to produce an increase in BMD with regard to OVX group only in subgroup 1 of rats (younger animals and less time from ovariectomy), but not in subgroup 2. In agreement with this, there was an increase of AP in both subgroups, lower than that observed in animals submitted to exercise plus Ca supplement, and a decrease of TRAP in subgroup 1, without significant changes in this marker in the older rats. Ca treatment did not produce any significant effect on BMD in OVX rats in both subgroups of animals, showing a decrease of AP and TRAP levels in the younger animals with no significant variations in markers of bone remodelling in the older female rats compared with their respective OVX group.     

不同价态锰对不同月龄大鼠血清常量及微量元素的影响

[目的]观察不同价态锰对大鼠血清常量及微量元素的影响及不同鼠龄动物对锰毒性易感性的差异。[方法]将4月龄和18月龄大鼠分别随机分为对照、二价锰和三价锰组，染锰组分别给予相应价态的锰化合物6mg／（kg·d），腹腔注射染毒一个月后断头处死，取血清，以等离子发射光谱仪（JY-ultima ICP-AES）检测各组血清中锌、铁、锰、镁、钙、铜含量和铜／锌值。[结果]不同价态锰对大鼠血清元素的影响：4月龄组与对照组相比，Mn^2＋组的血清锰、锌、铜含量和铜／锌值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；Mn^3＋染毒组血清锰、镁、钙、铜含量和铜／锌值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），两染毒组之间比较仅钙含量差异有统计学意义。对18月龄大鼠，与对照组相比，Mn^2＋组血清锰、锌、钙、铜含量和铜／锌值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；Mn^3＋组血清锌、镁、钙、和铜／锌值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），两染毒组之间比较，锰、钙含量之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。不同月龄大鼠之间比较：在Mn^2＋组，18月龄大鼠与4月龄大鼠相比，血清铜差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；在Mn^3＋组，与4月龄大鼠相比：18月龄大鼠血清镁、钙差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]Mn^2＋、Mn^3＋染毒对大鼠血清中的多种微量金属元素造成影响是不相同的，但有明显差异的仅表现为钙水平的改变，二种价态锰对同一月龄大鼠血清元素的影响有限。不同月龄犬鼠比较，Mn^2＋对血清铜有影响，Mn^3＋对钙、镁有影响。     

牛磺酸对应激大鼠第二信使及心肌离子含量变化的影响

目的：探索牛磺酸对应激性心肌损伤的保护机制。方法：以异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠应激为模型，测定心肌及血浆中第二信使ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、Ｃａ２＋及心肌细胞中Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ离子和心肌线粒体中Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ离子含量的变化。结果：ＩＳＯ组心肌及血浆中ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ含量，心肌细胞中Ｃａ、Ｎａ、Ｋ离子及心肌线粒体中的Ｃａ离子含量显著高于对照组及牛磺酸组；而牛磺酸组心肌细胞中Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ及线粒体中Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ离子含量显著高于ＩＳＯ组及对照组。三组心肌组织中Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ含量未见显著差异。结论：牛磺酸可显著抑制应激大鼠第二信使水平的升高及心肌细胞和线粒体中的钙超载现象，并使心肌细胞中的Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ及线粒体中Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ离子维持在较高水平，依此来减轻大鼠的应激性心肌损伤。     

染料木素对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢标志物和松质骨微结构的作用

目的观察染料木素对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢标志物和松质骨微结构的作用。方法 60只7月龄SD大鼠随机分为去卵巢组、假手术组、染料木素干预组[5mg（/kg·d）],分别在3周和15周处死。取血清测定骨钙素（OC）和耐酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b（TRACP5b）,分离左胫骨行显微CT扫描,分析松质骨微结构。结果去卵巢第3周,染料木素干预组的血清OC和骨小梁间隔大于假手术组,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;骨小梁数目小于假手术组;组织骨密度和骨小梁厚度大于去卵巢组（P〈0.05）。第15周,染料木素干预组的血清TRACP5b明显小于假手术组;染料木素干预组及去卵巢组的骨小梁数目均小于假手术组（P〈0.05）,骨小梁间隔则大于假手术组（P〈0.05）。结论染料木素对骨形成在去卵巢早期有促进作用,对骨吸收无明显的抑制作用。