冠状动脉造影瞬间心电图改变的临床意义

目的 分析冠状动脉造影中心电图改变的临床意义。方法 观察32例患者冠状动脉造影瞬间及过程中的心电图。结果 心率减慢29例（90．6％），QRS波群电压增高及波形变化30例（93．7％），时间延长29例（90．6％），ST段压低18例（56．2％）、T波倒置24例（75％）、低平5例（15．6％），异常Q波21例（65．6％），冠状动脉痉挛3例（9．3％），急性心肌梗死1例。结论 冠状动脉造影瞬间冠状动脉压力升高、短暂心肌缺血，可引起心电图QRS波群及ST－T的异常改变。     

急性下壁心肌梗死相关动脉与心电图表现对应关系分析

目的探讨下壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）相关动脉与心电图表现之间的对应关系。方法对51例下壁AMI者的冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果与心电图进行回顾性对比分析。结果①当STⅢ↑〉STⅡ↑对，83．7％梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉（RCA），当STⅢ↑〈STⅡ↑时，77．8％梗死相关动脉为左回旋支（LCX）（P〈0．01）；②当STⅢ↓〉STⅠ↓86．9％梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉，而当STaVL↓〈STⅠ↓，80％梗死相关动脉为左回旋支；③当STV3↓／STⅢ↑〉1．2，80％的梗死相关动脉为左回旋支，当STV3↓／STⅢ↑〈1．2，87．8％的梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉。结论急性下壁心肌梗死相关动脉主要为右冠状动脉。比较STⅢ及STⅡ，STaVL和STⅠ，STv3和STⅢ三组ST的改变关系，有助于梗死相关动脉的判定。     

心电图呈现缺血性T波的非冠状动脉综合征12例临床分析

冠状动脉综合征（冠脉综合征）包括急性心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛等一组危重心血管疾病,其主要病理基础为冠脉内皮下不稳定斑块破裂、出血及血栓形成.冠脉综合征患者心电图常呈缺血性T波改变,可分为ST段抬高和非ST段抬高两大类.前者主要为ST段抬高型心肌梗死,大多有坏死性Q波;后者包括不稳定型心绞痛和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死,表现为ST段下移和缺血性T波.2006年3月～2012年8月,本院收治心电图呈缺血性T波的非冠状动脉综合征12例.现报告如下.     

非心肌梗死性Q波及ST-T改变的相关疾病

目的 分析多种非心肌梗死性Q波、ST-T改变的机制及鉴别点。方法 回顾分析非心肌梗死住院患者心电图呈心肌梗死样改变的临床资料及心电图特征。结果 非心肌梗死住院患者心电图呈心肌梗死样改变39例,急性胰腺炎6例,病毒性心肌炎8例,肥厚性心肌病5例,主动脉夹层3例,心脏原发性肿瘤3例,急性肺栓塞4例,早期复极征3例,Brugada征2例,预激综合征1例,肺源性心脏病2例,胸部外伤2例。心电图异常包括ST段改变29例（74.4%）、异常Q波18例（46.2%）、T波改变28例（71.8%）。结论 异常Q波、ST-T改变等心电图改变非急性心肌梗死独有特征,多种疾病也可出现心电图异常。结合临床,密切观察病情变化及必要的辅助检查对相关疾病的判断显得更为重要。     

心电图对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征危险分层的价值

目的探讨心电图变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者危险分层的价值。方法自2006年1月-2007年7月，在我院因急性胸痛拟诊不稳定型心绞痛及非ST段抬高心肌梗死而收入住院且记录资料完整的616例患者。人院后采集病史、查体，并在10min内完成常规18导联心电图检查，将患者人院时心电图的改变分为ST段压低组（包括伴有T波倒置者）、单纯T波倒置组、尚不能诊断的心电图组及正常心电图组；又将ST段压低组分为：胸前导联（V4-V6）ST段压低合并负向T波、胸前导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并负向T波4组。观察各组住院期主要心血管事件（心脏性死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、反复缺血性心绞痛发作），并随访1-12（7．2±3．8）个月，观察主要心血管事件变化。结果与正常心电图组比较；ST段压低组的复合心血管事件明显增多。胸前导联ST段压低合并T波倒置组的患者较其他导联ST段压低合并或不合并T波倒置组的复合心血管事件明显增多。结论．心电图的ST段变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者的危险分层及心血管事件预测均有重要价值。     

非Q波型心肌梗死的ST段改变

目的观察非Q波型心肌梗死（NQMI）的ST段改变。方法对急性心肌梗死（AMI）337例的常规12导联作为指标,经心肌酶谱测定,冠脉造影证实为AMI中的42例NQMI心电图进行分析,观察其ST段的改变。结果42例中sT段下降有28例,占66．67％;ST段抬高仅7例,占16．67％;单纯T波倒置6例,占14．29％。结论NQMIST段改变更值得注意。     

52例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的冠状动脉造影特征

目的：探讨临床传统方法诊断为急性下壁心肌梗死（AIMI）患冠状动脉的特征。方法：对52例急性胸痛伴心电图Ⅱ，Ⅲ,aVF导联ST段抬高患行急诊冠状动脉造影，观察，分析相关血管的改变情况。结果：冠脉造影证实48例AIMI中相关病变血管为右冠脉（RCA）为37例（77．1％，37／48），其中闭塞为25例（占52．1％），左回旋支（LCX）病变20例（41．7％），其中闭塞10例（占20．8％），左前降支（LAD）不同程度狭窄6例（闭塞3例），左主干（LM）病变2例。4例冠脉造影无异常。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死相关病变血管主要为右冠状动脉和左冠状动脉回旋支。     

NQMI心电图定位诊断与冠状动脉造影术的对比研究

目的　探讨无 Q波型急性心肌梗死 ( NQMI)的心电图定位诊断。方法　对 7例 NQMI患者以记分法研究其心电图 ST-T改变 ,并与冠状动脉造影术结果进行比较。结果　 7例 NQMI病员 ST段均呈水平或下斜形压低 ,深度 >0 .1m V,伴或不伴急性期 T波异常。冠状动脉造影证实左前降支病变 6例 (同时合并左冠状动脉回旋支、右冠状动脉病变 2例 ) ,其中前侧壁导联 ( I、a VL、V4- 6)显示 ST段压低伴 T波倒置者 4例 ,不伴 T波变化者 1例 ,侧壁导联 ( V4- 6) ST段压低伴 T波变化者 1例 ;左冠状动脉回旋支及右冠状动脉病变 1例 ,显示为侧壁 ( V4- 6)导联 ST压低 ,不伴 T波异常。结论　常规心电图 ST-T异常的导联可以用作初步判定NQMI梗死相关动脉及病变部位的标志 ,尤以累及左前降支者更具临床意义     

心房颤动伴巨大倒置T波QT间期延长致心室颤动1例

患者女性，53岁。因发憋、气短伴咳嗽2个月，加重5小时入院。临床诊断：①风心病，二尖瓣狭窄，慢性充血性心衰，心房颤动（A）；②非Q波心肌梗死，心脏猝死。入院后发现如下心电图改变：①P波消失，代之以大小、振幅不等的F波，QRS波为室上形态，R-R间期不等，室率约140次／分，ST-T无明显改变（图1A）；②在图1心电图改变的基础上，出现广泛的ST—T改变，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF、V2-6。ST段斜形下移0．1～0．4mV，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V2～6T波倒置，且深而宽，以V2～6明显，QT间期延长达480-560ms不等，QT间期离散度（QTd）为80ms（图1B）；③QRS-T波消失，出现一系列大小不等，波形各异的不规则波（见图1C）。心电图诊断：①Af；②巨大倒置T波，QT间期延长；③心室颤动（Vf）。     

老年心肌梗死并发急性肺动脉栓塞二例

肺栓塞是由于内源性或外源性的栓子堵塞肺动脉主干或分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。肺动脉栓塞继发于急性心肌梗死的临床报道较少。这种肺栓塞心电图经常无特异性改变，当出现ST—T改变时，最容易误诊为冠心病和无Q波心肌梗死，当并发Q波心肌梗死时更易漏诊。现将Q波心肌梗死并发急性肺动脉栓塞二例报道如下。     

Early and late Q wave regression in the setting of acute myocardial infarction

Abnormal Q waves after a myocardial infarction are not always an indicator of myocardial necrosis. In some cases these Q waves may disappear partially or completely in the evolution of the myocardial infarction. Five cases are described in whom complete Q wave regression and reappearance of R waves in the ECG leads corresponding to the affected area were observed. Q wave regression occurred early (hours) as well as late (months) after the myocardial infarction.


Keywords: myocardial infarction; Q wave regression     

右胸头胸导联心电图病理性Q波意义探讨

描记１３５例（正常人２２例，心绞痛１４例，非Ｑ波梗塞１０例，前壁梗塞２５例，下壁右室梗塞３６例）右胸头胸导心电图ＨＶ３Ｒ－ＨＶ７Ｒ，发现前３组共４６例右胸心电图正２２例（８８％），３例有左前降支冠脉闭塞，左室扩大合并心室壁瘤患者，ＨＶ３Ｒ，ＨＶ４Ｒ出现Ｑ波，ＨＶ５Ｒ－ＨＶ７Ｒ正常。下壁梗塞组心电图正常５例（１８％），Ｑ波主要分布在ＨＶ５Ｒ－ＨＶ７Ｒ。下壁合并右室梗塞组全部病例ＨＶ６Ｒ，ＨＶ７Ｒ均含     

碎裂QRS波诊断陈旧性心肌梗死价值的探讨

目的通过统计陈旧性心肌梗死患者各心电图指标的发生情况,探讨fQRS对陈旧性心肌梗死的诊断价值。方法选择352例陈旧性心肌梗死患者进行心电图检查,根据QRS形态,分为病理性Q波、fQRS、病理性Q波和(或)fQRS,又根据心肌梗死的不同部位进行心电图指标的统计分析。结果 352例陈旧性心肌梗死患者心电图有病理性Q波者117例,有fQRS者184例,有病理性Q波和(或)fQRS者226例。对陈旧性心肌梗死诊断的敏感性中,病理性Q波31.8%,fQRS46.6%,病理性Q波和(或)fQRS58.2%。对陈旧性心肌梗死诊断的特异性中,病理性Q波96.4%,fQRS85.4%,病理性Q波和(或)fQRS84.7%。结论 fQRS诊断陈旧性心肌梗死的敏感性高于病理性Q波,但诊断特异性低于病理性Q波,较病理性Q波有较高的阴性预测值。两者结合有更高的敏感性和阴性预测值。fQRS对陈旧性心肌梗死有明确的诊断价值。     

中国急性心肌缺血综合征患者临床特征

目的 分析中国地区急性心肌缺血综合征病人的临床特点和治疗现状。方法 此项研究为国际性多中心关于急性心肌缺血综合征登记试验(OASIS)的一部分。采用加拿大心血管合作协会统一设计的病例记录表(CRF),自1999年4月开始,收集因急性心肌缺血入院病人的资料,记录病人主要临床特征和院内事件。结果 来自中国38家医院急性心肌缺血综合征(包括不稳定心绞痛及非Q波心肌梗死)病人2290例,平均年龄62．8岁,男性占62．3％。就诊时胸痛仍未缓解者48．9％;心电图异常89．7％,其中41．4％为相邻导联ST压低≥2mm;入院诊断不稳定心绞痛90．9％,非Q波心肌梗死9．0％。住院期间溶栓3．3％,冠状动脉(冠脉)造影34．9％,经皮冠脉腔内成形术(PTCA)17．6％,冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)4．2％,应用硝酸酯剂99．3％,抗血小板治疗94．5％。院内发生重要并发症15．2％,其中死亡1．4％。结论 中国地区急性心肌缺血病人以不稳定心绞痛就诊居多。住院期间PTCA治疗率相对较高,CABG治疗率较低。死亡主要原因为严重心律失常或猝死。     

急性前壁心肌梗死R波、Q波和ST段演变速度的观察

目的 通过心电图对急性心肌梗死的诊断提供更多的信息。方法 对21例急性前壁心肌梗死患者进行R波、Q波和ST段变化进行同步12导联心电图动态观察。将开始到结束的7次标测分成6个时间间隔．分别计算各个时间间隔的∑R、∑Q、和∑ST的平均值和标准差。结果∑R于胸痛发作后12h内迅速下降；∑Q逐渐增大，24h内变化最显著；EST 12h内迅速下降，48h后渐趋稳定。12例（57％）R波消失，Q波在发病后12h内形成；另9例（43％）于24h内形成。结论心肌梗死后ST段抬高、R波下降和Q波形成在快速型和慢速型心肌梗死患者中不同。     

Significance of Abnormal Q Waves in the Electrocardiograms of Adults Less than 40 Years Old

Background: Abnormal Q waves (AQW) in the electrocardiogram are commonly ascribed to underlying myocardial infarction (MI). As an imperfectly specific sign of MI, the usefulness of AQW in identifying MI depends on its incidence in the population studied. Methods: Eighty‐two subjects under 40 years of age with AQW were compared with 82 subjects from the same institution aged ≥40 years with similar AQW to determine the presence or absence of cardiac disease or MI. Results: Cardiac disease was present in 90.2% and 92.7% of the younger and older subjects, respectively, whereas MI was present in only 15.9% of younger subjects and in 68.3% of older subjects. Etiologies of cardiac disease differed between younger and older subjects. Some types of AQW were more useful than others in ruling MI in or out. Conclusions: AQW were a strong indicator of organic heart disease in both adult age groups, but their utility to indicate MI was age‐dependent. In the population studied, MI was present in only a small minority of subjects under 40 years of age with AQW, but was usually present in older subjects with similar AQW.     

The S wave in acute anterior Q-wave myocardial infarction: a study with serial multilead precordial maps and standard ECGs

To investigate the relationship of S waves with R waves and/or Q waves in the ECGs of patients with acute myocardial infarction, 20 patients with anterior Q-wave infarcts had serial 49-lead precordial maps and simultaneously recorded standard ECGs on admission and at 13 predetermined time intervals, extending to their discharge from the hospital. The sums of S waves (sigma S) from ECG leads of both precordial maps and standard ECGs showing ST-segment elevation on admission were correlated with the corresponding sums of R waves (sigma R) and/or Q waves (sigma Q). Correlation of sigma S by the precordial maps and the sigma S by the standard ECG was good (r = 0.88). However, correlation of sigma S with sigma R and sigma Q by both the precordial maps and standard ECG were poor (r values ranged between -0.02 and -0.32). Fair correlations were found between sigma S + sigma Q and the corresponding sigma R by both ECG systems (r = 0.36, precordial map and r = 0.40, standard ECG). The present study demonstrates (1) that precordial (consequently partial) ECG mapping systems have no advantage over standard precordial ECG, and (2) that quantitative data from S waves correlate weakly with similar information from corresponding R waves or Q waves, but fairly with the latter two combined, as recorded by the two ECG systems employed.     

非Q波与Q波心肌梗死的临床分析

本组急性心肌梗死１１２１例中，非Ｑ波心肌梗死３９２例（３５％），Ｑ波心肌梗死７２９例（６５％）。既往有心绞痛及心肌梗死者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有７６．８％及３８．８％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的６１．２％及３０．６％。有高血压、糖尿病史及吸烟者，两组间比较无差别。并发泵衰竭、室性心动过速和（或）心室颤动及Ⅱ～Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有１０．２％、１０％及１．５％，显著地少于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的１９．３％、２０．６％及１３．６％。梗死后心绞痛者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组有４５．２％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的２８．９％。４周病死率，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组为２．８％，显著地低于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的８．２％。非Ｑ波与Ｑ波心肌梗死比较，患者在急性期并发症较少，病死率较低；而梗死后早期心绞痛较多。     

Evaluation of serial QT dispersion in patients with first non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: relation to the severity of underlying coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Increased QT dispersion (QTD) has been correlated with ventricular arrhythmias. Recent reports suggest that it may serve as a marker of the severity of underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to examine in-hospital changes of QTD and their possible correlation with the severity of underlying CAD in patients with first non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. METHODS: In 62 patients we estimated QTD, precordial QTD, as well as their values corrected for heart rate on Days 3 and 7 after admission. The severity of underlying ischemic burden was estimated by means of the number of diseased vessels as well as by the jeopardy score. RESULTS: On Day 3, patients with jeopardy score > or = 6 exhibited greater QTD, corrected QTD, precordial QTD, and corrected precordial QTD (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.02, p = 0.036, respectively); patients with multivessel disease had greater QTD (p = 0.007). On Day 7, patients with jeopardy score > or = 6 and multivessel disease exhibited greater QTD, corrected QTD, precordial QTD, and corrected precordial QTD (p < 0.001 for all). Multiple regression analysis revealed a jeopardy score of > or = 6 as the most significant independent predictor for QTD variables. From Days 3 to 7, only patients with none or one diseased vessel orjeopardy score < 6 had shortened QTD (p = 0.01 and p = 0.015, respectively) and corrected QTD (p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with first non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, QTD variables and their in-hospital changes reflect the severity of underlying CAD.