肾上腺髓质素对内皮素促家兔气道平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

在体外培养的家兔气道平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣ）上，观察肾上腺髓质素（ＡＭ）对内皮素（ＥＴ）促ＡＳＭＣ增殖的影响及丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）活性的变化。以探讨ＡＭ对ＡＳＭＣ增殖的调控。结果显示１０－８ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＴ－１显著刺激ＡＳＭＣ３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入及ＭＡＰＫ激活（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＭ（１３－５２）呈剂量依赖地抑制ＥＴ－１的上述作用（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。单独应用ＡＭ（１３－５２）对ＡＳＭＣ３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入及ＭＡＰＫ活性无明显影响。表明ＡＭ（１３－５２）可抑制ＡＳＭＣ对ＥＴ－１的增殖反应，其机理可能涉及ＭＡＰＫ活性的抑制。     

急性心肌梗塞患者治疗前后血浆心钠素水平的比较

测定了４９例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者治疗前、后血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）的水平。结果表明,治疗前ＡＮＰ测定值为４０５．５４±１２７．４１ｐｇ／ｍＬ,治疗后为３４２．３４±１３０．５１ｐｇ／ｍＬ。而对照组为２７５．１１±１２０．６３ｐｇ／ｍＬ。两组相比,前者差别非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,后者差别亦显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＡＭＩ组治疗后ＡＮＰ水平明显下降,与治疗前比较差别显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。本文对此做了讨     

溃疡病患者胃肠运动功能障碍及表皮生长因子的变化

用连续灌注导管测压，并测定胃液和血清的表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）的含量，为了解十二指肠球溃疡（ＤＵ）患者消化间期移行性复合运动（ＭＭＣ）的规律，及其胃液和血清中的表皮生长因子含量的变化。结果显示：１、６０％ＤＵ患者缺乏ＭＭＣⅢ期，与正常人比Ｐ＜０．０５。２、ＤＵ患者ＭＭＣⅢ期持续时间（２．９±１．９ｍｉｎ）比正常人（４．３±１．１ｍｉｎ）缩短，（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３、ＤＵ患者ＭＭＣⅢ用十二指肠近端及远端的运动波幅较正常人减低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。４、ＤＵ患者的胃液和血清的表皮生长因子含量显著降低，分别为１９９．２７±１４７．８１ｐｇ／ｍＬ和１４８．６７±１２４．３１ｐｇ／ｍＬ，（Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明消化间期移行性复合运动和表皮生长因子在十二指肠球溃疡发病机理上起一定作用。     

Graves病患者血清白细胞介素—6检测及其临床意义

应用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ），测定了６８例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病（ＧＤ）患者和２０例健康对照者血清白细胞介素－６（ＩＬ－６）含量。结果表明：①ＧＤ患者未治疗组、部分缓解组和缓解组血清ＩＬ－６水平分别高于健康对照组（２８３２．８７±１２６６．４４、２３６１．３９±１１５３．７２、１５８４．５１±１２７３．３１比１３．５６±６．２７ｐｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；②血清游离Ｔ３（ＦＴ３）、游离Ｔ４（ＦＴ４）与ＩＬ－６呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．２５９～０．２７８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。推测血清ＩＬ－６水平异常是ＧＤ的免疫发病机制之一。     

白细胞介素—8对大鼠失血性休克血浆6—keto—PGF1α和TXB2含量的影响

目的和方法：本文观察重组人内皮细胞衍生的白细胞介素－８（ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８）对大鼠晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量的影响，并与平均动脉血压（ＭＡＢＰ）的变化作相关性分析。结果：晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显降低（１０６７４±１２２６ｖｓ１５６８２±１１４２）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，ＴＸＢ２含量明显升高（３１８３６±２６．５４ｖｓ１７４９１±２１５８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１；给予ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８（２５０μｇ／ｋｇ）后，血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显升高（３６８４７±１５６８ｖｓ１０３７６±１３１８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，其血浆水平与ＭＡＢＰ变化呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．７４６，Ｐ＜００１）；ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８对血浆ＴＸＢ２含量却无明显影响。结论：ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８抗晚期失血性休克作用与其促进血管内皮细胞产生和释放ＰＧＩ２有关     

血浆内皮素—1和肿瘤坏死因子与急性心肌梗塞的关系

本文对２０例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者检测了血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）的水平，结果表明，ＡＭＩ组的ＥＴ－１、ＴＮＦ均较正常对照明显升高（Ｐ〈０．００１），且二者与肌酸磷酸激酶的ＭＢ同功酶（ＰＣＫ－ＭＢ）均呈正相关（ｒ＝０．０６９８４，Ｐ〈０．００１；ｒ＝０．６０５３，Ｐ〈０．０１）。研究结果说明ＥＴ－１和ＴＮＦ参与了ＡＭＩ的病理损伤过程。     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者血浆内皮素水平与肺血流动力学的关系

本文报告采用放射免疫方法测定慢性阻塞性病２４例（ＣＯＰＤ）患者体静脉，肺动脉，体动脉血的血浆ＥＴ－１水平，并与１６例正常对照组作了比较，ＣＯＰＤ患者尚进行了肺动脉压力直接测定，结果表明，ＣＯＰＤ患者ＥＴ－１水平显著高于正常组（Ｐ〈０．００１），肺动脉高压（ＰＡＨ）组ＥＴ－１水平显著高于ＰＡＨ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。本文还分参与ＣＯＰＤ患者血浆ＥＴ－１水平的升高在ＰＡＨ形成可能是参与发病的因素之定。血浆     

MK—801对脑创伤大鼠部分脑区和垂体强啡肽A1—13含量的影响

为探讨兴奋剂性氨基酸（ＥＡＡ）ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗剂ＭＫ－８０１在脑创伤后脑水肿中的保护作用及其与内洙性强啡肽之间的关系，本研究利用放射免疫分析与脑水肿密度测定法，发现腹腔给予ＭＫ－８０１（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）可以明显降低脑创伤后２４ｈ伤侧皮层与海马水肿，脑创伤后侧皮层与海马ｉｒ－ＤｙｎＡ１－１３含量明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），而给予ＭＫ－８０１后ｉｒ－ＤｙｎＡ１－１３，含量明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结果表明     

急性心肌梗塞患者甲状腺激素水平变化及与肌钙蛋白T相关性分析

本文用放射免疫分析（ Ｒ Ｉ Ａ） 法检测了４１ 例急性心肌梗塞（ Ａ Ｍ Ｉ） 患者血清中的甲状腺激素（ Ｔ Ｔ３ , Ｔ Ｔ４ , Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ, Ｆ Ｔ３ , Ｆ Ｔ４） 水平, 并与正常人及 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ患者的肌钙蛋白 Ｔ（ Ｔｎ Ｔ） 含量进行了比较。结果表明：４１ 例急性心肌梗塞患者的甲状腺激素中 Ｔ Ｔ３ 及 Ｆ Ｔ３ 水平分别为０ ．９４ ±０ ．４０ｎｇ／ｍ Ｌ 和１ ．０９ ±０ ．５７ｐｇ／ｍ Ｌ,与３７ 例正常对照组（ Ｔ Ｔ３ 为１ ．７３ ±０ ．３１ｎｇ／ ｍ Ｌ, Ｆ Ｔ３ 为３ ．１２ ±０ ．７５ｐｇ／ｍ Ｌ） 均有高度显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。动态观察甲状腺激素水平在 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ 患者溶栓治疗过程中的变化表明： Ｔ Ｔ３ 及 Ｆ Ｔ３ 水平随着 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ治疗的进行和病情的稳定慢慢增加及至正常, 与诊断 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ的“金标准” Ｔｎ Ｔ 呈高度负相关（ ｒ１ ＝ － ０ ．７９９８ ,ｒ２ ＝ － ０ ．７８５８） 。研究提示： 急性心肌梗塞患者血清甲状腺激素水平分析可用于 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ的辅助诊断。连续动态观察还可为 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ患者的疗效观察及预后判断提供切实的参考依据。     

正常育龄和经绝期妇女及成年男子九种生殖激素的放射免疫测定

本文报告了促黄体生成激素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡生成激素（ＦＳＨ）、泌乳素（ＰＲＬ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）、睾酮（Ｔ）、孕酮（Ｐ）、１７α－羟基孕酮（１７α－ＯＨＰ）、硫酸去氢表雄酮（ＤＨＥＡ－ＳＯ４）和雄烯二酮等９种生殖激素的正常值。受检者为３２名正常育龄妇女、３６名健康经绝期妇女和５７名正常成年男子。育龄组妇女的排卵期ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ和Ｅ２的峰值分别为８６．１±６３．５ＩＵ／Ｌ、２５．２±１０．４ＩＵ／Ｌ和７５１±３３０ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ｐ和１７α－ＯＨＰ高峰出现在黄体期，分别为４２．７±１８．８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１３±６．５５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。Ｔ、ＤＨＥＡ－ＳＯ４和雄烯二酮在月经周期中血清水平稳定，均值为１．９３±１．２６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ、４．６９±１．８３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和３．０４±１．１６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。ＰＲＬ在排卵期轻度升高，平均１６．９±８．８６μｇ／Ｌ，最高达３７．７μｇ／Ｌ。经绝期妇女的生殖激素水平较之育龄妇女有明显差别，除ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ呈高水平外，其他激素均明显低下，其中２１名（５８．３％）的Ｅ２接近０。男子组的Ｅ２、Ｐ、ＰＲＬ和雄烯二酮较女性为低，Ｔ和ＤＨＥＡ－ＳＯ４则高于女性；ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ、１７α－ＯＨＰ近似女性卵泡期水平。     

Peripheral adrenoceptors and serotonin receptors in depression. Changes associated with response to treatment with trazodone or amitriptyline

Changes in platelet and lymphocyte adrenoceptor densities, platelet serotonin uptake and aggregatory response to serotonin were assessed in a group of moderately depressed patients before and during treatment with either trazodone or amitriptyline. Platelet serotonin receptor activity and uptake were lower before the start of treatment in all patients than in those patients responding to treatment. The densities of alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors tended to be higher in the patients before treatment and returned to control values after effective therapy. There were no major differences in the biochemical changes between the patients treated with trazodone or amitriptyline. When the biochemical data was correlated with the clinical history of the patients, it was found that only endogenously depressed patients, and not those with non-endogenous depression, had a significantly reduced platelet serotonin uptake rate. In addition, female depressives had a slightly lower platelet 5-HT aggregatory response than males irrespective to the type of depression.     

Active and passive forearm flexor tension patterns in the continuous perceptual-motor task paradigm: The significance of motivation

The psychophysiology of skeletal muscle tension patterns during goal-directed behavior was investigated by using the continuous perceptual-motor task paradigm. Subjects were recruited to form serious-minded and playful extreme groups according to their responses to the Telic Dominance Scale (10 subjects in each group). They all performed a continuous perceptual-motor task 5 times at a ‘slow’ speed followed by a final ‘fast’ task. All performance periods lasted for 150 s. Measures of passive (tonic) and active (phasic) forearm flexor EMG activity were derived. It was concluded that serious-mindedness was significant to a tonic build-up of tension in the passive forearm flexor over the course of task performance. In contrast, the playful state was associated with high phasic response amplitudes in the active forearm flexor contingent upon changing the position of the joy-stick. Training moderated the range of state-specific EMG activation. State measures confirmed that the subjects maintained their state dominance during task performance. Error-scores and scores on felt level of arousal did not discriminate between the groups.     

Cardiovascular and electrodermal responses to simple stimuli in autistic,retarded and normal children

Phasic changes in respiratory period, electrodermal activity (EDA), the evoked cardiac response (ECR), and the vasoconstrictive pheripheral pulse amplitude response (PPAR), were examined in matched groups of autistic, retarded, and normal children, using repeated presentation of simple visual and auditory stimuli. Analysis as a function of group membership and age indicated that respiratory pause and EDA showed habituation in the retarded and normal groups, but not in the autistic group, with no age effects in any group. PPAR and ECR showed no habituation in any group, but within-group age differences, and a higher mean response level for the autistic subjects. The autistic children did not display the diminution of response level with increased age that was characteristic of both the control groups. These effects were obtained across both modalities. Results could not be attributed to between-group tonic cardiac arousal differences, and were interpreted as further indications of diminished sensitivity to reductions in stimulus novelty, as well as developmental delay, in early-onset psychosis.     

Left-right differences in the Hoffmann reflex recovery curve associated with handedness in normal subjects

The relation between handedness and the Hoffmann (H) reflex recovery curve was studied in normal subjects. In right handers, the H response recovery curve from the right leg was significantly lower than that from the left leg. The opposite finding was obtained from the left handers. In mixed handers (ambidexters), there was no significant difference between the recovery curves from the right and left legs. It was concluded that there is a close relationship between handedness and the height of the H response recovery curves from the right and left sides.     

Electrodermal non-responding in schizophrenia: Relationships to attentional,clinical, biochemical,computed tomographical and genetic factors

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a psychophysiologically delineated subgroup of electrodermally non-responding subjects show deviations in other data domains. Specifically, we examined clinical ratings of psychopathology, cognitive measures of distractibility in short-term memory, family history of schizophrenia, as well as biochemical indices of monoamine and endorphin activity, and measures derived from computed tomography.The non-responders had significantly lower skin conductance level, less spontaneous fluctuations, and a smaller ratio of elicited to spontaneous responses. The non-responders had a significantly higher incidence of schizophrenic relatives than the responders, and tended to show more psychotic symptoms. The two groups did not differ in cognitive distractibility, or in biochemical and computed tomographical measures.     

Brainstem control of sensory information: a mechanism for perception

We have proposed a theory in which pathways ascending from the brainstem reticular formation control sensory centers in the dorsal thalamus and neocortex. We assumed that the sensory messages received at a given level are transformed by a stochastic process, called Alopex, in a way which maximizes responses in central feature analyzers. Perception is seen as a process involving a close cyclic interaction between brainstem and sensory relays. We discuss the specific case of visual information flow and the proposed modification of visual images at the level of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Computer simulations of a simple model, representing the dLGN and reafferent control emanating from the reticular formation, show that sensory features are effectively enhanced and--in the absence of sensory input--quasi-sensory features may be generated by feedback of a simple scalar variable that is formed by the non-linear superposition of the responses of any number of feature analyzers. The model proposes a specific mechanism for such processes as visual imagery, hallucinations, and dreaming, and provides a framework for further studies into the nature of cognitive brain functions.     

EEG activity during cognitive processing: influence of attentional factors

The research draws upon two separate areas of inquiry: that of lateralized electrocorical processing of cognitive material; and that of psychophysiological information processing studies related to foci of attentional demands. Eighteen subjects on each of three separate days were presented with tasks considered to be 'right hemispheric' or 'left hemispheric'. These tasks were paired in a 2 X 2 design with an attentional factor requiring attention to the environment or to internal processing. All subjects received all types of tasks. Bilateral EEG measures were taken from the frontal and parietal areas referenced to linked ears. Major frequency bands were determined by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and appropriate ANOVAs performed. The results suggest that task factors (left vs right hemisphere tasks) and attentional demands (internal vs external) are differentially represented in terms of EEG functioning. In general the higher beta frequencies were more sensitive to the hemispheric tasks demands and the middle frequencies (alpha and low beta) more sensitive to the attentional demands especially in the parietal areas.     

The perception of Necker cube reversal interacts with the Bereitschaftspotential

Subjects observed a reversible figure (Necker cube), and were asked to switch a lever about twice a minute. The direction of the lever switch indicated whether a reversal of the Necker cube was just experienced or not experienced. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP, readiness potential) turned out to be smaller in amplitude but earlier in onset prior to the reversal, especially over fronto-central regions. During another condition a tonic background stimulation (achieved by a radio-play) was introduced. Distraction reduced the BP, mainly when no reversal was reported. The results suggest a dependency of pre-movement potentials from non-motoric, psychological variables.     

Weight gain. A side-effect of tricyclic antidepressants

Body weight and appetite were evaluated in 40 depressed outpatients from a private psychiatric practice who were receiving low-modest doses of tricyclic antidepressants. Amitriptyline (maximum of 150 mg/day), nortriptyline (maximum of 50 mg/day), and imipramine (maximum of 80 mg/day) were given for an average of 6 months of treatment. There was a mean weight increase of 1.3-2.9 lbs/month, which led to an average total weight gain of 3-16 lbs, depending on drug, dose and duration. These weight increases were linear over time and were accompanied by marked increases in the preference for sweets. Ultimately, excessive weight gain was the most common cause of discontinuation of treatment, occurring in one-half of the patients. Significant weight loss occurred upon discontinuation of drug. These findings show that chronic administration of low-modest doses of tricyclic antidepressants frequently cause considerable weight gain and can significantly interfere with the ability to provide long-term maintenance therapy.     

Tritiated imipramine binding to platelets in manic subjects

We studied 21 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 25 healthy controls in order to determine if tritiated imipramine binding to platelets distinguished the manic from the depressed phase of bipolar disorder. Depressed patients had a significantly lower mean Bmax value (754 +/- 149 fmole/mg protein) than the manic and control groups (1112 +/- 248 and 1237 +/- 201 fmole/mg protein, respectively), which did not differ from each other. These differences could not be attributed to differences in age, sex, menopausal status, the presence of psychotic features or medication history among the subject groups. These findings confirm that decreased imipramine binding to platelets is a state marker for bipolar depression and not a trait marker of bipolar disorder.