不同水质对诱蚊诱卵器监测白纹伊蚊效果评价

目的 观察诱蚊诱卵器在监测白纹伊蚊密度时水质对该蚊诱蚊诱卵的影响,同时评价该监测方法的实用效果.方法 在2012年7-8月白纹伊蚊数量高峰季节,选择深圳市某医院花园作为试验现场,用诱蚊诱卵器对白纹伊蚊进行诱蚊诱卵试验,比较评价其诱捕白纹伊蚊成蚊、卵的效果.结果 共布放240个诱蚊诱卵器,有效回收230个,诱卵阳性率为37.39％,诱蚊阳性率为18.26％,成蚊逃逸率为51.16％;试验发现生态水(自然环境积水)对白纹伊蚊诱卵率显著高于瓶装矿泉水(x2=13.79,P＜0.01);以是否有幼虫孵化作为衡量诱卵阳性结局的金指标,发现诱蚊诱卵器监测方法观察的白纹伊蚊产卵阳性率与实际产卵阳性率一致性较高(Kappa=0.828,P＜0.01),该法监测白纹伊蚊产卵灵敏度为82.56％,特异度为97.92％,试验得到的ROC曲线下面积为0.902(0.853～0.952).结论 诱蚊诱卵器监测白纹伊蚊诱卵效果较佳,但捕蚊效果不甚理想;不同水质对诱蚊诱卵器监测白纹伊蚊效果不同;诱蚊诱卵器监测伊蚊产卵有较好的实用价值.     

北京市顺义区白纹伊蚊密度及抗药性监测分析

目的了解顺义区白纹伊蚊密度及抗药性水平。方法采用CO_2诱蚊灯法和诱卵器法开展密度监测,采用诊断剂量法进行抗药性监测。结果共布放CO_2诱蚊灯504台次,共捕获白纹伊蚊1 285只,白纹伊蚊密度为1.27只/(灯·h),全年密度峰值出现在8月,为3.22只/灯·h。共布放有效诱蚊诱卵器599个,诱蚊诱卵器指数为2.34%,峰值出现在8月,为8.08%。白纹伊蚊对高效氯氰菊酯和残杀威产生了抗性。结论顺义区白纹伊蚊防治应基于蚊虫监测结果,采用以环境治理为基础的综合防制措施。     

陕西省白纹伊蚊分布边界及影响因素调查

目的调查白纹伊蚊在陕西省分布的西北边界变化及其影响因素。方法成蚊调查采用帐诱法、诱蚊灯法和诱蚊诱卵器法。结果白纹伊蚊在宝鸡、韩城市广泛分布于各类生态环境,在陇县、铜川市主要分布于废旧轮胎堆放处等特殊场所,宜君、黄陵、宜川等县未发现白纹伊蚊。该蚊活动高峰宝鸡市在8月,韩城市在9月。温度可能是决定白纹伊蚊分布北界稳定的限制气候因子。结论白纹伊蚊在陕西省分布的西部边界到宝鸡市,北部边界到陇县、铜川市（王益区）、韩城市连线地带。白纹伊蚊监测采用帐诱法和诱蚊诱卵器法可获得可靠结果,诱蚊灯法不适宜作为白纹伊蚊监测,本调查也为蚊虫防制提供了生态学依据。     

3种方法对白纹伊蚊的监测结果分析

目的了解不同监测方法下白纹伊蚊的环境分布和季节消长情况,为今后制定防治措施提供依据。方法采用CO_2诱蚊灯法、诱蚊诱卵器法和人诱停落法对白纹伊蚊进行监测。结果 3种监测方法分别显示的蚊活动、产卵、吸血状况,其峰值分别为0. 38只/(灯·h)、8. 57%和0. 14只/(人·min),且均出现在8月上旬到9月上旬,各环境中公园绿地在3种监测方法中所示的白纹伊蚊指数均为最高,分别为0. 24只/(灯·h)、5. 83%和0. 12只/(人·min)。经统计学检验,CO_2诱蚊灯法和诱蚊诱卵器法的相关系数为0. 769,P 0. 01; CO_2诱蚊灯法和人诱法的相关系数为0. 570,P 0. 05;人诱法和诱蚊诱卵器法的相关系数为0. 766,P 0. 01。结论在白纹伊蚊活动强度增加时,产卵和吸血的白纹伊蚊数量也会增加,利用综合防治降低白纹伊蚊密度,能有效降低发生登革热和寨卡病毒感染的风险。     

诱蚊诱卵器的应用研究

目的掌握诱蚊诱卵器在不同高度、不同环境中对白纹伊蚊的诱捕效果，为应用诱蚊诱卵器提供科学依据。方法诱蚊诱卵器法。将诱蚊诱卵器同时垂直放在地面、距地面1．0及1．5m处，取得结果后，选择不同环境大规模开展试验。结果在地面、1．0及1．5m处诱蚊诱卯器阳性指数分别为6．43、3．09和1．54；布放在花木公司、学校、医院、机关单位、居室内外的诱蚊诱卵器都能诱到白纹伊蚊，诱蚊诱卵器阳性指数最高是花木公司为19．85，最低是居室内为2．88，平均9．04。结论布放在有花草树木地面上的诱蚊诱卵器对白纹伊蚊引诱力最强，诱蚊诱卵器阳性指数顺序：地面〉1．0m〉1．5m。可在有花草树木的地面或住户阳台上选择适宜位置布放诱蚊诱卵器进行白纹伊蚊密度监测。     

陕西省韩城市蚊类调查

目的调查韩城市蚊类种群构成及生态习性,现场应用诱蚊诱卵器并评价其效果。方法成蚊调查采用帐诱法、诱蚊灯法和诱蚊诱卵器法,蚊幼调查采用容器法。结果韩城市区捕获蚊虫5属7种,侵袭人类蚊虫以白纹伊蚊、淡色库蚊、骚扰阿蚊和三带喙库蚊为多。蚊幼调查容器指数34.38;成蚊帐诱密度为7.16只/人工小时,诱蚊灯诱蚊密度为1.13只/h。诱蚊诱卵器仅诱到白纹伊蚊,平均诱蚊指数15.32%,平均每个诱蚊诱卵器捕获白纹伊蚊1.37只,平均诱卵指数为14.41%;7-9月观察期间,9月诱蚊、诱卵指数均最高,分别达18.25%和21.25%,且平均诱蚊数也高于其他月份。诱蚊诱卵器诱卵指数与配对同步的一次性纸杯相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.14,P<0.001)。成蚊密度特殊场所最高,农村居民区高于城市居民区,休闲活动区高于养殖耕种区;蚊幼调查容器指数亦是农村居民区高于城市居民区,休闲活动区高于养殖耕种区。结论白纹伊蚊、淡色库蚊、骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊是该地区危害人类的主要蚊种;诱蚊诱卵器具有较好的诱蚊指数和诱卵指数,可以作为白纹伊蚊监测方法,该调查为蚊虫防制提供了生态学依据。     

云浮口岸白纹伊蚊孳生习性与密度调查

目的 掌握云浮口岸地区白纹伊蚊孳生地类型和季节消长变化,观察诱蚊诱卵器在口岸地区的应用效果.方法 白纹伊蚊孳生地调查,仔细检查环境中的各种积水容器,记录容器类型及是否有白纹伊蚊幼虫孳生;白纹伊蚊季节消长监测选择有代表性生境,采用人工小时法调查;采用诱蚊诱卵器法监测白纹伊蚊幼虫容器指数消长变化.结果 白纹伊蚊孳生地调查中,查获积水容器569个,积水容器类型12种,平均容器指数13.36％,云浮口岸积水容器主要是旧轮胎,居民家中积水容器主要是废旧桶、瓦罐和蓄水池;白纹伊蚊高峰期从5月中旬持续至8月,时间较长;2011年6-11月共布放诱蚊诱卵器1620个,诱卵阳性容器数为151个,平均诱卵指数为9.41％,6-9月为白纹伊蚊诱卵指数高峰期.结论 本次调查获得云浮口岸地区白纹伊蚊孳生、季节消长情况,为开展白纹伊蚊防治提供了科学依据,为诱蚊诱卵器在口岸应用提供了基础数据.     

新型登革热媒介监测方法的研究

目的通过研究，尝试用新型的诱蚊诱卵器法取代传统的布雷图指数（BI）调查。方法诱蚊诱卵器法。同时进行BI、房屋指数（HI）、容器指数（CI）调查。结果212月布放的诱蚊诱卵器可诱获白纹伊蚊，诱蚊诱卵器阳性指数为0．21～22．64，平均7．88；BI、CI、HI分别为0．18-12．13、0．30-18．52和0．12～7．01，白纹伊蚊成蚊高峰期出现在8月。每个阳性诱蚊诱卵器诱获白纹伊蚊最多4只，最少1只，平均1．2只；每只白纹伊蚊产卵最多156粒，最少2粒，平均20．58粒。结论诱蚊诱卵器法比BI调查法更具科学性、实用性、预警性，可用于登革热媒介监测。     

白纹伊蚊诱蚊诱卵器现场应用效果初步研究

目的为科学评价白纹伊蚊诱蚊诱卵器现场应用效果,探索适合于上海地区登革热媒介蚊虫———白纹伊蚊的监测方法。方法在2005年7~9月白纹伊蚊数量高峰季节,选择3个地区的居民小区、医院、学校、公园、单位等绿化地带,用诱蚊诱卵器与陶瓷容器或黑色塑料杯子,同步比较诱捕白纹伊蚊成蚊、卵的效果。结果在现场诱蚊诱卵器平均诱蚊指数达到29.58%,平均每个诱蚊诱卵器捕获1.48只白纹伊蚊成蚊,蚊虫进入诱蚊诱卵器后有2.91%的白纹伊蚊逃逸;诱蚊诱卵器投放后2、3、5、7 d内,诱蚊指数有很大的差异,χ2=126.134,P<0.001,诱蚊指数从投放后第2天的5.05%,增加到第5天的19.16%,第7天的31.29%;7~9月观察期间,9月诱蚊指数最高,达到了50.21%,χ2=56.21,P<0.001,而且平均诱蚊数也高于其他月份;诱蚊诱卵器的诱卵指数为31.42%,与配对同步比较的陶瓷容器或黑色塑料相比(35.64%),诱卵指数有一定差异,χ2=9.907,P<0.001,这种差异具有地区性;诱蚊诱卵器投放后第1天,产卵的雌性白纹伊蚊开始飞入,第5~6天为高峰,而产卵出现在第2天,第5~6天诱卵指数达到高峰。而同步的陶瓷容器或黑色塑料杯则在投放后第5~6天出现幼虫。结论现场试验初步证明,白纹伊蚊诱蚊诱卵器具有较好的诱蚊指数和诱卵指数,能够取代常规的白纹伊蚊监测手段。但是在具体应用时,需要进一步研究监测技术,配套措施以及评价标准的制定。     

新型登革热媒介监测诱蚊诱卵器的设计及效果研究

目的建立登革热监测预警系统，研制灵敏、高效、易行的登革热传播媒介白纹伊蚊在室内外环境的监测器械。方法根据白纹伊蚊的生态特点和美国疾病预防与控制中心诱卵器监测方法，结合捕蝇笼结构特点，设计具有引诱伊蚊产卵的器械，并在实验室及现场进行验证。结果在模拟现场，新型诱蚊诱卵器诱蚊阳性指数和诱卵阳性指数为100，每个诱蚊诱卵器平均诱捕成蚊12．25只，诱到虫卵1369．2个；居民家庭诱蚊阳性指数达26．2，诱卵阳性指数达27．1，高于相同环境的容器指数，与布雷图指数相近；野外环境现场诱蚊诱卵阳性指数达18．6。结论新型诱蚊诱卵器具有良好的诱蚊诱卵效果，可作为登革热传播媒介室内外环境监测器械。     

Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin barrier spray on vegetation for control of Aedes albopictus in China

Aedes albopictus is a primary nuisance pest and disease vector in China. Control of Ae. albopictus using current methods is difficult because of diverse larval breeding sites. In the present study, lambda-cyhalothrin was applied as a barrier spray to vegetation surrounding human dwellings for control of adult mosquito populations. Compared to the landing rate counts in the untreated control site, the barrier spray resulted in an 83-98% reduction of Ae. albopictus within 9 wk posttreatment. The study results indicate that lambda-cyhalothrin applied as a barrier spray to vegetation can reduce Ae. albopictus landing rates collections for more than 2 months.     

Application of insecticides to vegetation as barriers against host-seeking mosquitoes

The application of insecticides to perimeter vegetation for the purpose of controlling adult mosquitoes in backyards and other recreational areas has generated renewed interest among the general public. Several pyrethroids have been labeled for this use and provided, depending on chemical and formulation, up to approximately 6 wk of acceptable adult mosquito reduction. A review of past work in this area is presented. In addition, results from a recent field study by the author to determine the residual effectiveness of bifenthrin-treated vegetation as a barrier against adult mosquitoes in northwestern Florida is also presented. Bifenthrin (TalstarOne) suppressed mosquito populations in the treatment area below an annoyance action threshold of 25 mosquitoes per night in carbon dioxide-baited light traps for 5 out of the 8-wk study. Excised leaf bioassays conducted at the same time as trap collections revealed that bifenthrin-treated leaves exhibited > 70% knockdown/mortality against laboratory-reared female Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus for 4 of those weeks.     

Field evaluation of spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated plastic strips against Anopheles gambiae complex in Bagamoyo, coastal Tanzania

Metofluthrin is a newly synthesized pyrethroid possessing high knockdown and lethal activity against mosquitoes. Studies of metofluthrin-impregnated plastic strips have been performed with dengue vectors. This study reports the efficacy of the new prototypes of metofluthrin-impregnated plastic strips against malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae complex, in the Kongo villages of Bagamoyo district in coastal Tanzania. The study, using 20 houses, half intervention, half control, was conducted for a 124-day period. Pyrethrum spray sheets and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps were used to sample mosquito population indices. The mosquito density indices of the intervention houses were observed to be significantly lower than those of the control houses when pyrethrum spray sheet collection was used (F = 4.61, 1 df, P = 0.038; 98.7% reduction of total mosquito collection compared with that for the controls). These low indices were observed despite the large openings found in Bagamoyo houses, which were predicted to have a considerable negative effect on the spatial repellency of metofluthrin. Based on the present results, the pyrethrum spray sheet collection was the better of the 2 collection methods.     

超低容量喷雾和滞留喷洒杀灭蚊虫的现场实验

目的探讨超低容量喷雾和滞留喷洒在杀灭蚊虫中搭配使用的效果。方法应用车载超低容量喷雾、烟雾机进行超低容量喷雾,普通喷雾器进行滞留喷洒,不同灭蚊方式单独或综合运用,在喷药前后对蚊虫密度采用动物帐诱法、诱蚊灯法和人工小时法进行监测,确定不同喷药方法的灭蚊效果。结果滞留喷洒可降低室内蚊虫密度,但对室外蚊虫活动无明显影响;超低容量喷雾也可降低室内蚊虫密度,但室外诱蚊灯法监测的蚊虫密度通常会增高,动物帐诱法监测的蚊密度会降低。结论同时使用滞留喷洒和超低容量喷雾,可以提高蚊虫控制效果;羊帐诱法是评价超低容量喷雾现场灭蚊效果较好的方法。     

Comparison of engorged Culex quinquefasciatus collection and blood-feeding pattern among four mosquito collection methods in Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, 2007

Investigators have used a variety of techniques to sample resting, engorged mosquitoes for the purposes of studying mosquito blood-feeding behavior. However, evidence exists that mosquito blood-feeding patterns may vary according to collection method. Engorged mosquitoes were collected from rural and urban habitats after the 2007 dry (July) and wet (December) seasons in the Department of Izabal, Guatemala, with the use of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, gravid traps, and aspiration from plastic pots and vegetation. We evaluated the utility of plastic pots as sampling tools for engorged Culex mosquitoes and compared Cx. quinquefasciatus blood host identities among collection methods. The array of vertebrate hosts supplying blood to Cx. quinquefasciatus did not differ significantly by method of collection. The density of engorged Cx. quinquefasciatus per trap-night was not significantly different between CDC light traps, gravid traps, and plastic pots; however, there was a significantly higher proportion of total mosquitoes that were engorged collected from pots than from either CDC light traps or gravid traps.     

超低容量喷洒对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊灭效评估

目的评估保安定超低容量喷洒对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的现场灭效。方法 WHO推荐挂笼法和现场密度调查法,其中现场密度调查分别采用人帐诱捕法和CO2灯诱法对蚊虫进行诱集。结果挂笼实验中,有效剂量为98.5 g a.i/ha的保安定对淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的24 h灭效均达到100%。在分别采用帐诱和灯诱的现场密度调查中,淡色库蚊的平均密度下降率分别为83.68%和80.63%。结论保安定是一种较好的ULV喷洒剂,可以应用于紧急状况下病媒生物的控制。     

Evaluation of the efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin applied by three spray application methods for emergency control of Aedes aegypti in Costa Rica

An extended duration formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon CS) applied as either an ultra-low volume (ULV) or thermal fog spray from a new hand-held sprayer (Twin-Fog) or as a low-volume spray (LV) from a backpack mist blower against Aedes aegypti was evaluated in Costa Rica. Spray applications were made at the front door for 1 min or to each room for 15 sec for the ULV and LV, and thermal fog applications were made to houses in separate blocks for each treatment. The efficacy and duration of effectiveness of the spray was determined from sentinel caged mosquito mortality and mosquito collections from within houses using hand-held, battery-powered aspirators. Sentinel caged mosquito mortality in both open and sequestered locations was 97-100% for the ULV and thermal fog spray treatments, with control mortality less than 2%. Both ULV applications (front door and each room) provided 3 wk of significant control (P < 0.05) based on adult Ae. aegypti house collections.     

上海市卢湾区世博会园区建设前期病媒生物消长及侵害情况分析

目的 通过对辖区世博会园区建设前(2006-2008年)连续3年的主要病媒生物监测,了解其消长情况和种群构成,为2010年世博会控制病媒生物提供科学依据.方法 蚊虫监测采用CO_2诱蚊器法、紫外线灯诱蚊器法和诱卵器法,成蝇监测采用笼诱法.鼠类监测采用鼠夹法.结果 连续3年监测显示,蚊密度2006年显著低于2007年和2008年;蝇密度2008年最低,为18.13只/笼,2006年和2007年分别为39.31和34.17只/笼;鼠密度3年基本持平.共捕获蚊类5种4781只,其中优势蚊种为淡色库蚊(占74.75%),其次为白纹伊蚊(占24.83%);捕获蝇类16种11 447只,优势蝇种为丝光绿蝇(占44.96%),其次为大头金蝇(占28.98%);捕获鼠类2种34只,其中黄胸鼠占76.47%,褐家鼠占23.53%.结论 环境的改变和卫生管理情况.对病媒生物密度有较大的影响;该地区主要病媒生物将对世博会的召开存在潜在危害.     

Impact of electrostatic and conventional sprayers characteristics on dispersion of barrier spray

A study was conducted to analyze the performance of 3 electrostatic (Electrolon BP-2.5, Spectrum Electrostatic 4010, and Spectrum Electrostatic head on a Stihl 420) and 2 conventional (Buffalo Turbine CSM2 and Stihl 420) sprayers for barrier sprays to suppress an adult mosquito population in an enclosed area. Sprayer characteristics such as charge-mass ratio, air velocity, flow rate, and droplet spectra were measured while spraying water. Dispersion of the spray cloud from these sprayers was determined using coverage on water-sensitive cards at various heights (0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m, and 3.0 m) and depths (1 m, 3 m, and 5 m) into the under-forest vegetation while spraying bifenthrin (Talstar 7.9% AI; FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA) at the rate of 21.8 ml/300 m of treated row. The charge-mass ratio data show that Electrostatic head on a Stihl 420 did not impart enough charge to the droplets to be considered as an electrostatic sprayer. In general, the charged spray cloud moved down toward the ground. The Electrolon BP 2.5 had significantly lower spray coverage on cards, indicating lack of spray dispersion. This sprayer had the lowest air velocity and did not have the air capacity needed to deliver droplets close to the target for electrostatic force to affect deposition. The analysis shows that these 2 sprayers are not a suitable choice for barrier sprays on vegetation. The results indicate that the Buffalo Turbine is suitable for barriers wider than 3 m, and the Spectrum 4010 and Stihl 420 are suitable for 1-3-m-wide barriers.     

3种采集方法捕蚊效果的比较

目的通过比较人帐法、人工小时法及紫外线灯诱法等3种不同调查方法捕获蚊虫的种类、数量,了解同一生境中3种调查方法捕蚊效果的差异。方法定人、定时、定点采用人帐诱捕法、人工小时法、紫外线灯诱法捕获蚊虫。结果 3种方法共采集蚊虫4属6种,计2 995只,其中人帐法捕获4属6种1 792只,占蚊虫总数的59.83%;人工小时法捕获4属5种883只,占蚊虫总数的29.48%;紫外线灯诱法捕获3属3种320只,占蚊虫总数的10.68%。结论 3种调查方法中,运用人帐诱捕法捕获的蚊虫种类、数量均占有明显优势,人工小时法次之,紫外线灯诱法的捕蚊效果最差。