双管喉罩在脊柱后路手术中的安全性和有效性

目的 探讨双管喉罩在脊柱后路手术中应用的临床效果及安全性.方法 40例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行胸腰椎骨折手术患者按照机械抽样法随机分为双管喉罩组和气管插管组,每组20例.两组患者常规麻醉诱导后,分别置入双管喉罩或气管插管.观察记录操作次数、时间;记录诱导前(T0),置入即刻(T1),置入后1 min(T2)、3 min(T3)、5 min(T4)、10 min(T5)及拔除即刻(T6)的收缩压、舒张压、心率;记录置入、拔除及维持通气过程中的并发症.结果 两组置人双管喉罩和气管插管均一次成功,所需时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).气管插管组T1、T2、T3、T6时收缩压、舒张压、心率显著高于T0(P＜0.05),且也显著高于双管喉罩组(P＜0.05).气管插管组置人、拔除、维持通气过程中发生并发症者(5、25、36例次)明显多于双管喉罩组(0、1、6例次)(P＜0.05).结论 双管喉罩用于脊柱后路手术是安全和有效的.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect iveness and safety of ProSeal laryngeal mask(PLMA)used in posterior spinal surgery. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients of thoracic-lumbar fracture were randomly divided into PLMA group and tracheal intubation (TI) group by systematic sampling with 20 cases each. PLMA or TI was inserted after intravenous anesthesia induction. The number of intubation, intubation time and time to surgery were recorded, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded induction (To), during intubation (T1), at 1 min (T2),3 min(T3), 5 min (T4), 10 min after intubation (T5), during extubation (T6). The intubation, extubation, and the maintain ventilation process of the respiratory and respiratory damage were recorded. Results All patients in PLMA group and TI group achieved satisfactory lung ventilation at the first attempt. There were no significant difference in the number of intubation, intubation time and time to surgery between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).SBP,DBP,HR at T1,T2,T3,T6 in TI group were significandy higher than To and those in PLMA group (P＜0.05). The intubation, extubation, and the maintain ventilation process of the respiratory and respiratory damage in TI group (5,25,36 cases) were more than those in PLMA group (0,1,6 cases)(P ＜0.05).Conclusion PLMA for posterior spinal surgery is safe and effective.     

不同血浆靶浓度的普鲁泊福对鼻内镜手术应激反应的影响

Objective To observe the effect of propofol target controlled infusion with different blood plasma target concentration on stress reaction during the nasal endoscope operation. Methods Sixty patients with ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ scheduled for the nasal endoscope operation were divided into three groups by random digits table: each group was 20 patients, group A, B, C was given propofol target controlled infusion with blood plasma target concentration 3,4,5 μ g/mi respectively. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood glucose, serum cortisol, bispectral index ( BIS ), extubation time were recorded before anesthesia,at 30 min after the operation starting and 60 min after the extubation.Results The descent degree of HR and MAP at 30 min after the operation starting were group C ＞ group B ＞ group A (P = 0.024,0.010 );the descent degree of MAP at 60 min after the extubation were group C ＞group B ＞ group A (P = 0.011 ). BIS and extubation time were 65 ± 8 and (25 ± 7) min in group A, 53 ± 11 and( 36 ± 13 ) min in group B, 45 ± 12 and(45 ± 9 ) min in group C, there were significant differences among three groups(t = 2.476,P= 0.023;t = 2.657,P= 0.012). The blood glucose was increased at 30 min after the operation starting and 60 min after the extubation, the ascensus degree were group A ＞ group B ＞ group C (P= 0.000、0.000);the serum cortisol was decreased at 30 min after the operation starting, the descent degree was group C ＞ group B ＞ group A (P= 0.000), increased at 60 min after the extubation, the ascensus degree was group A ＞ group B ＞ group C (P= 0.001 ). Conclusions Propofol target controlled infusion with blood plasma target concentration 4-5 μ g/ml can ensure eligible depth of anesthesia, decrease pain stimulus, remain stable vital sign,depress the stress reaction caused by nasal endoscope operation efficiently,with short extubation time. It is an eligible blood plasma target concentration.     

不同体位腹腔镜手术对血流动力学、血浆心钠素的影响

目的 观察不同体位腹腔镜手术时血流动力学及血浆心钠素(ANP)的变化,并探讨其临床意义.方法 择期腹腔镜手术患者40例,依据术中所需体位分为两组:A组20例,行头低足高体位;B组20例,行头高足低体位.两组麻醉方法 相同.分别于气腹前(T1)、气腹压力稳定在14mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)且调整体位后10 min(T2)、20 min(T3)及解除气腹后5 min(T4)监测中心静脉压(CVP)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心电图(ECG),同时经中心静脉抽取静脉血,放免法测定血浆中ANP含量.结果 A组T2、T3时点CVP[(14.45±2.72)、(14.20±2.46)mm Hg]和B组T2、T3时点CVP[(8.90±1.27)、(9.02±1.47)mm Hg]与T1时点[(6.05±1.76)、(6.30±1.34)mm Hg]比较明显升高(P<0.01);A组T2、T3时点CVP升高幅度明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).A组ANP在T2时点较T1时点略升高,至T3时点显著增高(P<0.05).两组间T2、T3时点ANP比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术时不同体位对CVP、ANP能够产生明显的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effects of different posture on hemodynamics and plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP) during laparoscopic surgery. Methods Forty patients who scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were allocated into two groups according to their posture during laparoscopic surgery,20 cases for each group. In group A, the patients were arranged in a head-down tilt position, in group B, the patients were arranged in a head-up tilt position systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),central venous pressure (CVP) and electro cardio gram (ECC) were monitored continuously. Blood samples were taken from central venous at four time points of prepneumoperitoneum(T1), 10 minutes after that(T2) and 20 mintues(T3) when the patients were arranged at the different operation-needed position with a stable pneumoperitoneum pressure of 14 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa),and at 5 minutes (T4) after deflation of pneumoperitoneum when the patients returned to supine position. The plasma ANP was assessed by radioimmunoassay. Results In group A,the CVP at T2 and T3 [(14.45 ±2.72),(14.20 ±2.46) mm Hg] was significantly higher than that at T1 [(6.05 ±1.76) mm Hg] (P<0.01), in group B,the CVP at T2 and T3 [(8.90±1.27),(9.02 ±0.47) mm Hg] was significantly higher than that at T1[(6.30 ±1.34) mm Hg](P< 0.01) ,with a higher level in group A than those in group B at the same time point during pneumoperitoneum(P< 0.01). The ANP level in group A was higher at T2 than that at T1, and there was significantly higher at T3 than that at T1 (P < 0.05). But the ANP level was significantly higher in group A than that in group B at the same time points of T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The posture may have obvious effect on CVP and plasma ANP level during laparoscopic surgery.     

普鲁泊福复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管的观察

目的 观察普鲁泊福麻醉诱导时复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管时对患者心血管反应的影响.方法 将60例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的非心、脑外科择期全身麻醉手术患者按随机数字表法分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组20例,注射泵输注瑞芬太尼血浆靶控浓度分别为2、3、4ng/ml,输注5 min后开始靶控输注普鲁泊福(血浆靶控浓度3μg/ml).记录三组患者诱导前(T1)、普鲁泊福开始即刻(T2)、气管插管前即刻(T3)、气管插管后1 min(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率变化,以及气管插管评分和第1次插管成功率.结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组气管插管评分分别为(10.5±2.9)、(7.6±2.3)、(5.8±1.2)分,第1次插管成功率分别为50%(10/20)、80%(16/20)、100%(20/20),三组间比较差异均有统计学意义,Ⅲ组均优于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).T2与T1比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组心率均显著减慢(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组更明显;T4与T3比较,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组心率显著增快,Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).T3与T2比较,三组MAP均显著下降;T4与T3比较,Ⅰ组MAP显著上升,且高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).结论 在不使用肌松剂时,普鲁泊福复合瑞芬太尼靶控浓度3～4 ng/ml能较好地抑制气管插管的应激反应,而又不引起明显的循环抑制,对维持麻醉诱导插管过程的平稳较为有利.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the impacts on the patients with cardiovascular responses when applying propofol combined with different dose of remifentanil in tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants for anesthesia induction. Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective general anesthesia operation of ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ non-heart and brain surgery were divided into three groups by random digits table, and 20 cases for each group. Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil with respective plasma concentration of 2 ng/ml (group Ⅰ ), 3 ng/ml (group Ⅱ ) and 4 ng/ml (group Ⅲ). Target-controlled infusion of propofol after infusion of remifentanil for 5 min (3 μg/ml of plasma target concentration). The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR), intubation conditions and success rate of patients in different groups before induction(T1), at the beginning moment of propofol(T2),at the immediate moment before tracheal intubation (T3) and at the time of 1 min after tracheal intubation (T4). Results The grade of tracheal intubation was (10.5 ±2.9), (7.6 ±2.3), (5.8 ± 1.2) scores and the success rate of the first intubation was 50%( 10/20), 80%(16/20), 100%(20/20) in group Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ , there were significant differences among three groups (P＜ 0.05),group Ⅲ was superior to group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05). Comparing T2 and Tj,HR in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ slowed down significantly ( P ＜ 0.05), and in group Ⅲ slowed down more significantly (P＜0.05). Comparing T4 and T3,HR in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ quickened significantly, and group Ⅰ was higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P＜ 0.05). Comparing T3 and T2,MAP decreased significantly among three groups,comparing T4 and T3, MAP increased significantly in group Ⅰ which was higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Without the use of muscle relaxants, propofol combined with remifentanil for 3-4 ng/ml can better restrain the tracheal intubation stress responses and won't cause significant cycle inhibition. They benefit to maintain the smooth intubation process of anesthesia induction.     

高频喷射通气对单肺通气患者氧化应激反应的影响

Objective To determine the effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) on oxidative stress in patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Forty-five patients undergoing elective radical esophageal cancer resection were divided into three groups with 15 cases each by random digits table: two lung ventilation group ( group A), OLV group (group B), HFJV- OLV group ( group C, working pressure 1 kg/cm2 and frequency 100 times/min). Venous blood samples were taken before induction (T0),at30min (T1),90min (T2),150min (T3) after OLV and the end of operation (T4) for measuring serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Results SOD was lower at T2-T4 in group B[(47 ± 10), (37 ±9), (41 ±7) kU/L] and group C[(58 ± 12), (51 ± 11), (49 ± 9) kU/L] than those in group A [(78 ±8), (75 ±7), (79 ±6) kU/L](P＜ 0.05),and MDA and NO were lower at T1-T4 in group B and group C than that in group A(P＜ 0.05). SOD was higher at T3 in group C than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05), MDA at T1-T4 and NO at T2-T4 were lower in group C than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion HFJV can effectively decrease oxidative stress in patients during OLV.     

普鲁泊福复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管的观察

Objective To observe the impacts on the patients with cardiovascular responses when applying propofol combined with different dose of remifentanil in tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants for anesthesia induction. Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective general anesthesia operation of ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ non-heart and brain surgery were divided into three groups by random digits table, and 20 cases for each group. Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil with respective plasma concentration of 2 ng/ml (group Ⅰ ), 3 ng/ml (group Ⅱ ) and 4 ng/ml (group Ⅲ). Target-controlled infusion of propofol after infusion of remifentanil for 5 min (3 μg/ml of plasma target concentration). The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR), intubation conditions and success rate of patients in different groups before induction(T1), at the beginning moment of propofol(T2),at the immediate moment before tracheal intubation (T3) and at the time of 1 min after tracheal intubation (T4). Results The grade of tracheal intubation was (10.5 ±2.9), (7.6 ±2.3), (5.8 ± 1.2) scores and the success rate of the first intubation was 50%( 10/20), 80%(16/20), 100%(20/20) in group Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ , there were significant differences among three groups (P＜ 0.05),group Ⅲ was superior to group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05). Comparing T2 and Tj,HR in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ slowed down significantly ( P ＜ 0.05), and in group Ⅲ slowed down more significantly (P＜0.05). Comparing T4 and T3,HR in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ quickened significantly, and group Ⅰ was higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P＜ 0.05). Comparing T3 and T2,MAP decreased significantly among three groups,comparing T4 and T3, MAP increased significantly in group Ⅰ which was higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Without the use of muscle relaxants, propofol combined with remifentanil for 3-4 ng/ml can better restrain the tracheal intubation stress responses and won't cause significant cycle inhibition. They benefit to maintain the smooth intubation process of anesthesia induction.     

纤维支气管镜引导经鼻插管与喉镜明视插管对血流动力学和血氧饱和度的影响

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜(FOB)引导下经鼻气管插管与喉镜明视气管插管对血流动力学和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)的影响.方法 将61例行气管插管机械通气的患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(31例)和对照组(30例),分别采用FOB引导下经鼻气管插管和喉镜明视气管插管,测定并记录两组患者在插管前1 min、插管即刻、插管后5 min的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)以及SaO2.结果 两组患者气管插管操作均获得成功,其中观察组用时(35.2±12.5)s,对照组用时(38.7±13.6)s,两组气管插管时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者在插管即刻的SBP、DBP和HR均较插管前1 min显著升高,SaO2则显著下降,而且观察组上述指标的变化幅度均显著小于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 FOB引导下经鼻气管插管对患者血流动力学及SaO2的影响较小,是一种比较安全的气管插管方法,值得临床推广应用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of nasal intubation guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and intubation guided by laryngoscope on hemodynamics and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2).Methods Sixty-one patients received tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation were divided into observation group (31 cases) and control group (30 cases) by random digits table who received FOB guided nasotracheal intubation and laryngoscope intubation respectively, the systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and SaO2 of all patients in two groups was measured and recorded 1 min before intubation, the intubation moment and 5 min after intubation. Results Patients in two groups were successfully intubated. The average time in observation group was (35.2 ± 12.5) s and in control group was (38.7 ± 13.6) s, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);SBP, DBP and HR of two groups at the intubation moment increased significantly than that at 1 min before intubation, while SaO2 decreased significantly, and the rangeability of above indexes in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group, there were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion FOB guided nasotracheal intubation has little effect on hemodynamics and blood SaO2, it is a safe method of endotracheal intubation and worthy of clinical application.     

高频喷射通气对单肺通气患者氧化应激反应的影响

目的 研究高频喷射通气(HFJV)对单肺通气患者氧化应激反应的影响.方法 择期行食管癌根治术患者45例,按随机数字表法分为双肺通气组(A组)、单肺通气组(B组)、单肺通气时非通气侧给予HFJV(驱动压力1 kg/cm2,频率100次/min)组(C组),每组15例.分别于开胸前(T0),单肺通气后(A组于开胸后)30 min(T1)、90 min(T2)、150 min(T3),手术结束时(T4)测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)浓度.结果 T2～T4时B、C组SOD活性[B组:(47±10)、(37±9)、(41±7)kU/L;C组:(58±12)、(51±11)、(49±9)kU/L]低于A组[(78±8)、(75±7)、(79±6)kU/L](P＜0.05),T1～T4时B、C组MDA、NO浓度高于A组(P＜0.05);T3时C组SOD活性明显高于B组(P＜0.05),T1～T4时C组MDA浓度及T2～T4时NO浓度低于B组(P＜0.05).结论 HFJV能在一定程度上抑制单肺通气患者的氧化应激反应.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) on oxidative stress in patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Forty-five patients undergoing elective radical esophageal cancer resection were divided into three groups with 15 cases each by random digits table: two lung ventilation group ( group A), OLV group (group B), HFJV- OLV group ( group C, working pressure 1 kg/cm2 and frequency 100 times/min). Venous blood samples were taken before induction (T0),at30min (T1),90min (T2),150min (T3) after OLV and the end of operation (T4) for measuring serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Results SOD was lower at T2-T4 in group B[(47 ± 10), (37 ±9), (41 ±7) kU/L] and group C[(58 ± 12), (51 ± 11), (49 ± 9) kU/L] than those in group A [(78 ±8), (75 ±7), (79 ±6) kU/L](P＜ 0.05),and MDA and NO were lower at T1-T4 in group B and group C than that in group A(P＜ 0.05). SOD was higher at T3 in group C than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05), MDA at T1-T4 and NO at T2-T4 were lower in group C than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion HFJV can effectively decrease oxidative stress in patients during OLV.     

雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压、心率和QTc间期延长的影响

目的 观察和评价雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压(MAP)、心率和QTc间期的影响.方法 选取择期全麻手术患者75例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,按随机数字表法分为三组:对照组(C组)、雷米芬太尼Ⅰ组(R1组)和雷米芬太尼Ⅱ组(R2组),每组25例.麻醉诱导:静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg、普鲁泊福1.0～1.5 mg/kg和维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg后2 min,双盲法≥40 s给予雷米芬太尼0.50 μg/kg(R1组)或0.75μg/kg(R2组)后,两组分别连续输注雷米芬太尼0.10μg/(kg·min);C组患者给予相同容量的0.9%氯化钠.记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后2 min(T1)、首次给予雷米芬太尼或0.9%氯化钠后1 min(T2)、气管插管前即刻(T3)及气管插管后30 s(T4)、2 min(T5)和4 min(T6)的MAP和心率,并描记心电图.结果 与C组比较,R2组T4～T6时QTc间期明显缩短(P＜0.05或＜0.01＝;R,组T4和C组T4～T6时QTc间期较T0明显延长(P＜0.05或＜0.01).C组气管插管期OTc间期＞440ms 11例(44%,11/25),R2组3例(12%,3/25),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 芬太尼和普鲁泊福麻醉诱导气管插管期间患者的QTc间期是延长的;插管前1 min静脉注射雷米芬太尼0.75μg/kg,继以0.10 μg/(kg·min)输注可有效抑制气管插管诱发QTc间期延长和血流动力学反应.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and QTc interval during tracheal intubation of general anesthesia patients. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ grade patients were selected and allocated to receive either saline (group C), remifentanil 0.50 μg/kg (group R1) or remifentanil 0.75 μg/kg(group R2) by random digits table with 25 cases in each, they were administrated as a bolus intravenous, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.10 μg/ (kg·min), 1 min before laryngoscopy. All patients received fentanyl 3 μg/kg,propofol 1.0 - 1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The ECG.MAP and HR were recorded prior to induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 min following the start of drug intravenous of fentanyl and propofol with vecuronium (T1), 1 min following remifentanil or saline (T2), before laryngoscopy(T3), 30 s (T4), 2 min (T5) and 4 min (T6) after intubation. Results The QTc interval was significantly prolonged immediately following intubation in group C and group R1, but it remained stable in group R2, compared with the QTc interval just before laryngoscopy. In group R2, QTc interval was significantly shorter at T4-T6 compared to group C(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). QTc interval significantly increased from baseline at T4 in group R1 and T4-T6 in group C (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The number of patients with QTc interval ＞ 440 ms were significantly greater immediately following tracheal intubation in group C than that in group R2 [44% (11/25) vs. 12% (3/25)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions QTc interval increases following tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia using fentanyl and propofol. Intravenous of remifentanil attenuates the QTc interval prolongation associated with tracheal intubation. In addition, remifentanil decreases the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.     

困难气道管理的策略

一、概述 在临床麻醉、急救与复苏实践中,喉镜暴露失败、喉罩(laryngeal mask airway,LMA)和面罩通气困难或失败即困难气道,是麻醉科医师可能面临的危急事件.     

双管型喉罩在妇科急诊腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的探讨双管型喉罩(PLMA)在妇科急诊腹腔镜手术麻醉中应用的可行性及优越性。方法20例急诊宫外孕腹腔镜手术病人,随机分成两组:喉罩通气组(L组,n=10)和气管插管组(E组,n=10)。全麻醉诱导后,L组置入喉罩,E组行气管内插管。两组均行控制呼吸。在麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管(或置喉罩)前(T1)、气管插管(或置喉罩)后即刻(T2)、气管插管(或置喉罩)后通气5min(T3)、20min(T4)、拔管(或拔除喉罩)即刻(T5)、拔管(或拔除喉罩)后5min(T6)分别记录收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、HR、SpO2、气道峰压(Ppeak)、潮气量(VT)和呼气末CO2分压(PETCO2),并统计插管或置入喉罩困难例数、术后苏醒时间、术后发生声音嘶哑、咳嗽例数。结果两组的插管时、间歇正压通气5min、20min、拔管时的Ppeak、VT、SpO2、PETCO2、和PaCO2差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。心率与血压:诱导前后无显著变化;气管插管(或置喉罩)后即刻比较气管插管(或置喉罩)前,L组无显著变化(p>0.05),E组明显增高,且组间比较差异显著(p<0.05);拔管(或拔除喉罩)即刻比较气管插管(或置喉罩)前,L组无显著变化(p>0.05),E组明显增高,且组间比较差异显著(p<0.05)。喉罩留置时间(43.3±9.6)min。术后E组有60%发生咳嗽和挣扎反应,术后24小时发生咽痛者占28%。L组无拔管反应和术后咽痛。结论双管型喉罩置入通气全麻应用于妇科急诊腹腔镜手术安全可行,对循环系统无刺激性影响,无气管插管的刺激症状,与传统的气管内麻醉相比具有显著的优越性。     

剖宫产手术SLIPA通气道和气管插管的效果比较

目的 探讨SLIPA通气道用于剖宫产手术全麻的安全性和可行性.方法 足月单胎妊娠行剖宫产手术产妇50例,随机分为SLIPA组(S组)和气管插管组(T组),每组各25例.观察插管前后、拔管前后各时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2)、气道峰压(Paw)的变化;观察插管或置入SLIPA通气道时、拔除前后及术中是否出现呛咳、体动、反流、呕吐、误吸等情况.分别在两组产妇胎儿娩出时抽取脐动、静脉血,进行血气分析.记录两组麻醉诱导至胎儿娩出时间(I-D)、手术时间、新生儿1 min和5 min Apgar评分.结果 S组首次置管成功率为100%,T组有2例再次插管后成功.术中S组有3例出现轻度漏气,不影响呼吸管理.S组心率、MAP比较平稳,插管后2min和拔管后2min与T组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组产妇术中均未发生体动、呛咳、呕吐、反流、误吸;但拔管时,T组有17例发生呛咳、体动,术后2、24 h咽痛发生例数T组分别为10例和6例,而S组均无拔管反应和术后咽痛,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组I-D、新生儿1 min和5 min Apgar评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组新生儿脐动、静脉血pH值、CO2分压、氧分压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05.结论 SLIPA通气道较气管插管对母婴生理功能影响小,术后并发症少,可安全用于剖宫产手术麻醉.     

喉罩与气管插管对青光眼患儿血流动力学和眼内压影响的比较

目的 研究喉罩与气管插管对青光眼患儿血流动力学和眼内压的影响.方法 选取拟择期在全身麻醉下行小梁切开术的青光眼患儿50例,按随机数字表法将患儿分成气管插管组（TT组）和喉罩组,每组25例.分别记录气管插管或置入喉罩的操作时间;咪达唑仑用量;麻醉诱导后（T1）、气管插管或置入喉罩即刻（T2）及气管插管或置入喉罩后1 min（T3）、2min（T4）、3min（T5）、5 min（T）的心率、平均动脉压（MAP）、末梢灌注指数（TPI）和眼内压.结果 两组患儿咪达唑仑用量、操作时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.与T1比较,TT组T2～T4心率、眼内压升高,T2～T3MAP升高,T2～ T5TPI降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;喉罩组各时点心率、MAP、TPI、眼内压比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.喉罩组T2～T4心率、MAP、眼内压低于TT组[心率：（119.3±8.9）、（117.6±8.5）、（115.2±6.9）次/min比（131.3±7.1）、（128.1±6.8）、（123.2±8.6）次/min,MAP：（36.9±5.1）、（37.1±4.8）、（34.7±4.6） mmHg （1mmHg =0.133 kPa）比（44.1±4.9）、（42.8±5.5）、（41.9±7.1）mmHg,眼内压：（27.6±2.5）、（27.0±2.0）、（25.9±2.3） mmHg比（34.2±2.2）、（32.9±1.6）、（31.1±2.2） mmHg],T2～T5TPI高于TT组（3.25±0.28、2.99±0.26、3.15±0.31、3.40±0.30比2.69±0.29、2.22±0.27、2.41±0.30、2.66±0.33）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 青光眼患儿全身麻醉下置入喉罩后心率、MAP、TPI和眼内压均未见显著变化,诱导过程平稳,值得临床推广应用.     

喉罩与气管插管全麻在妇科腹腔镜手术中应用比较

目的：喉罩和气管插管全麻均可应用于妇科腹腔镜手术,观察两者对患者血流动力学及并发症的影响,探讨两种通气方式的有效性和安全性。方法：选择40例择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为喉罩组（L组）和气管插管组（T组）各20例,比较两组麻醉期间血流动力学变化,并记录两组拔管期的不良反应及术后并发症等。结果：L组在喉罩置入和拔出后的HR、MAP无明显变化（P〉0.05）。T组插管后即刻拔管后即刻HR、MAP均显著升高（P〈0.05）。两组呼气末二氧化碳（PETCO2）、气道峰压（Ppeak）、气道平均压（Pmean）随气腹的影响变化一致,组间比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。拔管期间L组发生的体动、呛咳较T组明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;L组术后咽痛发生率显著低于T组（P〈0.05）。结论：在全麻妇科腹腔镜手术中喉罩可达到与气管插管一样满意的通气效果,易于维持血流动力学稳定,且全麻后恢复平稳。     

喉罩通气联合硬膜外阻滞在外科手术麻醉中的临床效果分析

目的评价喉罩通气联合硬膜外阻滞在外科手术中的麻醉优势。方法选择2009年1月～2011年9月行外科择期手术的患者80例,随机分为喉罩全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组和气管插管复合硬膜阻滞组各40例。手术过程中连续监测患者的血压(BP)、心率(HR)、心电图(ECG)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PetCO2);记录拔除气管导管或喉罩时是否安静,患者有无呛咳、喉痉挛及呕吐,观察有无咽喉疼痛。结果全麻诱导后两组MAP和HR均较诱导期显著降低(P﹤0.05),插入导管或喉罩后:喉罩通气联合硬膜外阻滞组MAP和HR较诱导前差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),而气管插管复合硬膜外阻滞组MAP和HR较诱导前迅速升高(P﹤0.05),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);术中:两组MAP、HR值均较平稳,基本恢复至全麻诱导前,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);拔出导管或喉罩时:喉罩通气联合硬膜外阻滞组MAP和HR升高不明显,而气管插管复合硬膜外麻醉阻滞组升高则较诱导前显著升高(P﹤0.05),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。喉罩通气联合硬膜外阻滞组安静拔管例数明显多于气管插管复合硬膜外阻滞组,不良反应前者也明显少于后者。结论喉罩通气复合硬膜外阻滞用于外科手术麻醉,麻醉效果好,可有效维持术中通气,术后并发症少,可广泛用于外科手术麻醉中。     

Complications following general anaesthesia for cataract surgery: a comparison of the laryngeal mask airway with tracheal intubation.

The incidence of airway complications following general anaesthesia using either a tracheal tube or a laryngeal mask airway was compared in a prospective, randomized study of 79 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery using a standard anaesthetic technique. Assessment was made both at extubation (which was taken to include removal of the laryngeal mask airway) and for 25 min afterwards. There was a significantly greater incidence of coughing prior to extubation (P < 0.001), at extubation (P < 0.001) and after extubation (P < 0.001) in the tracheal group than in the laryngeal mask airway group. No other airway complications were seen in either group.     

两种全麻方法用于小儿纤维支气管镜诊疗的比较

目的比较喉罩和气管内插管瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全麻用于小儿纤维支气管镜诊疗的临床应用效果。方法拟行纤维支气管镜诊疗的小儿40例,随机分为喉罩组(L组,n=20)和气管内插管组(T组,n=20)。两组均采用瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉麻醉诱导和维持,术中监测心电图、心率、无创动脉血压、脉搏氧饱和度。分别记录麻醉前(T0)麻醉后纤维支气管镜进入前(T1)、进镜至声门(T2)、气管隆突(T3)及第10min(T4)及术毕(T5)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2),观察术中有无呛咳、喉及支气管痉挛、体动;记录两组患儿呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间及拔管时间;记录麻醉满意度(由镜检医师评价)。结果两组HR在T1时升高,与T0比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);T组高于L组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。MAP在T2～T4时,T组低于L组,比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患儿镜检期间均无呛咳、喉及支气管痉挛或体动。L组患儿呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间及拔管时间均短于T组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论喉罩-瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉用于小儿纤维支气管镜检查,血流动力学平稳,苏醒快速,效果满意。     

剖宫产手术SLIPA通气道和气管插管的效果比较

目的探讨SLIPA通气道用于剖宫产手术全麻的安全性和可行性。方法足月单胎妊娠行剖宫产手术产妇50例,随机分为SLIPA组（S组）和气管插管组（T组）,每组各25例。观察插管前后、拔管前后各时间点的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率、呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）、气道峰压（Paw）的变化;观察插管或置入SLIPA通气道时、拔除前后及术中是否出现呛咳、体动、反流、呕吐、误吸等情况。分别在两组产妇胎儿娩出时抽取脐动、静脉血,进行血气分析。记录两组麻醉诱导至胎儿娩出时间（I-D）、手术时间、新生儿1min和5min Apgar评分。结果S组首次置管成功率为100％,T组有2例再次插管后成功。术中S组有3例出现轻度漏气,不影响呼吸管理。S组心率、MAP比较平稳,插管后2min和拔管后2min与T组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组产妇术中均未发生体动、呛咳、呕吐、反流、误吸;但拔管时,T组有17例发生呛咳、体动,术后2、24h咽痛发生例数T组分别为10例和6例,而S组均无拔管反应和术后咽痛,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组I—D、新生儿1min和5min Apgar评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组新生儿脐动、静脉血pH值、CO2分压、氧分压比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论SLIPA通气道较气管插管对母婴生理功能影响小,术后并发症少,可安全用于剖宫产手术麻醉。     

欧普乐喉罩在颅内动脉瘤患者数字减影血管造影诊断与栓塞术中的临床应用

目的 探讨在颅内动脉瘤患者数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊断与电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞术中采用欧普乐喉罩麻醉的有效性和安全性.方法 择期行颅内动脉瘤DSA和GDC栓塞术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,随机分为气管导管组(T组)和欧普乐喉罩组(O组).观察患者入介入室后10min(T0)、插管前即刻(T1)、插管后即刻(T2)、插管后3 min(T3)、拔管前即刻(T4)、拔管后3 min(T5)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)和气道峰压,并于以上各时间点抽取静脉血检测肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平.记录手术时间、麻醉时间及拔管和术后并发症.结果 T组T2、T3HR、MAP较T0明显升高(P<0.05),而O组升高不明显(P>0.05);O组在T2～T5时HR、MAP均明显低于T组(P<0.05 . O组T3～T5E和NE明显低于T组(P<0.05),T3-5T组E和NE高于T0(P<0.05),O组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术毕O组安静拔管例数明显多于T组(25例比5例)(P<0.01),而发生呛咳的例数明显少于T组(5例比24例)(P<0.01).结论 欧普乐喉罩操作简单,插入与拔出时咽喉部刺激性小,诱导及苏醒过程中血流动力学平稳,循环干扰轻,通气可靠,可安全有效地应用于颅内动脉瘤DSA诊断与GDC栓塞术的麻醉中.     

术中持续输注右美托咪定对胸腔镜手术患者拔管期血流动力学及苏醒质量的影响

目的 探讨术中持续输注右美托咪定对胸腔镜手术患者拔管期血流动力学及苏醒质量的影响。方法 选择2018年2月—2020年8月在本院行胸腔镜手术治疗的90例患者,按随机数字表法分为研究组(45例)和对照组(45例)。研究组气管插管后开始输注右美托咪定,直至手术结束前胸腔冲洗为止。对照组在此时间段持续输注等剂量的生理盐水。比较两组血流动力学、拔管时间、呼之睁眼时间、出室时间、拔管后24 h Ramsay镇静评分、苏醒期呛咳和并发症发生情况。 对照组T1-T3三个时间点有创平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及血氧饱和度(SpO2)分别为(108.08±11.57)mmHg、(106.07±8.69)mmHg、(105.21±8.19)mmHg、(86.14±14.62)次/min、(90.05±9.18)次/min、(89.21±10.56)次/min、(103.21±3.14)%、(102.96±2.97)%、(101.96±2.24)%,明显高于T0,差异有统计学意义(t=4.600,4.354,3.980,5.972,11.140,9.548,10.614,10.538,10.173,P<0.001);研究组T1-T3三个时间点有创MAP、HR、SpO2分别为(97.32±13.57)mmHg、(98.10±12.57)mmHg、(97.21±11.96)mmHg、(75.62±13.67)次/min、(73.21±6.98)次/min、(72.56±8.21)次/min、(97.04±2.08)%、(97.72±3.21)%、(97.03±2.67)%,与T0时比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.072,0.425,0.028,1.580,0.802,0.284,0.784,1.735,0.683,P>0.05);研究组T1-T3三个时间点有创MAP、HR、SpO2低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.048,3.499,3.702,3.526,9.796,8.350,10.989,8.038,9.489,P<0.001);研究组拔管时间、出室时间、拔管后24 h Ramsay镇静评分分别为(11.73±2.48)min、(20.32±3.28)min、(2.09±0.57)分,与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.689,0.853,1.768,P>0.05);研究组呼之睁眼时间为(10.10±2.26)min,短于对照组(t=4.262,P<0.001);呛咳发生率为11.11%,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.444,P<0.001);两组苏醒期均无喉痉挛、呼吸抑制等并发症发生。 胸腔镜手术中持续输注右美托咪定能够有效维持拔管期血流动力学稳定,缩短呼之睁眼时间,减低呛咳发生风险,利于改善苏醒质量。