精氨酸刺激试验评估胰岛β细胞功能的临床价值

Objective To investigate the value of intravenous arginine stimulation test (AST) in evaluating function of pancreatic islet beta cell response in patients of diabetes mellitus. Methods Twentyone patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1, DM1 group) and 113 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2, DM2 group) were recruited in this study. DM2 patients were divided into two sub-groups, DM2a group (duration of no more than 1 year, 58 patients) and DM2b group (more than 1 year, 55 patients). The serum levels of C-peptide (CP) were determined at fasting and 2,3,4,5 minutes after intravenous injection of 5 g arginine. Results In DM1 group, the level of CP after injection of arginine was. similar to the fasting level (P> 0.05 ). In DM2 group, the peak level of CP appeared at 3th minute (CP3) during AST, and was significantly higher than fasting CP level(P < 0.01 ). The level of fasting and arginine-stimulated CP in DM2a group was significantly higher than that in DM2b group, and the level of fasting and arginine-stimulated CP in DM2b group was significantly higher than that in DM1 group. The patients of DM1 group whose level of CP3 < 600 pmol/L all needed insulin injection to control hyperglycemia, and the coincident rate was 100.0%.In DM2 group, there were 91 patients whose CP3 ≥600 pmol/L, among which 85 patients could be well controlled with diet or oral hypoglycemic agents, and the coincidentrate was 93.4%; there were 22 patients whose CP3 < 600 pmol/L, among which 19 patients need insulin injection to control hyperglycemia, and the coincident rate was 86.4%. Conclusions AST is valuable in assessing the function of pancreatic islet beta cell in patients with diabetes mellitus. The level of CP3 ≥600 pmol/L can be considered as a reference in diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.     

精氨酸刺激试验评估胰岛β细胞功能的临床价值

Objective To investigate the value of intravenous arginine stimulation test (AST) in evaluating function of pancreatic islet beta cell response in patients of diabetes mellitus. Methods Twentyone patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1, DM1 group) and 113 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2, DM2 group) were recruited in this study. DM2 patients were divided into two sub-groups, DM2a group (duration of no more than 1 year, 58 patients) and DM2b group (more than 1 year, 55 patients). The serum levels of C-peptide (CP) were determined at fasting and 2,3,4,5 minutes after intravenous injection of 5 g arginine. Results In DM1 group, the level of CP after injection of arginine was. similar to the fasting level (P> 0.05 ). In DM2 group, the peak level of CP appeared at 3th minute (CP3) during AST, and was significantly higher than fasting CP level(P < 0.01 ). The level of fasting and arginine-stimulated CP in DM2a group was significantly higher than that in DM2b group, and the level of fasting and arginine-stimulated CP in DM2b group was significantly higher than that in DM1 group. The patients of DM1 group whose level of CP3 < 600 pmol/L all needed insulin injection to control hyperglycemia, and the coincident rate was 100.0%.In DM2 group, there were 91 patients whose CP3 ≥600 pmol/L, among which 85 patients could be well controlled with diet or oral hypoglycemic agents, and the coincidentrate was 93.4%; there were 22 patients whose CP3 < 600 pmol/L, among which 19 patients need insulin injection to control hyperglycemia, and the coincident rate was 86.4%. Conclusions AST is valuable in assessing the function of pancreatic islet beta cell in patients with diabetes mellitus. The level of CP3 ≥600 pmol/L can be considered as a reference in diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的炎症反应与营养不良密切相关

Objective To study the relationship between inflammation and malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A total of 85 patients with stable COPD and 30 healthy subjects were recruited .All patients were divided into the lower body mass index (BMI,BMI<18.5 kg/m~2) group and normal BMI (BMI=18.5-23.9 kg/m~2) group.Lung function,arterial blood gall,cell differenti-als in induced sputum,and the levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin-8(IL-8),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were determined.Results The levels of total cell count and neutrophils in induced sputum were significantly higher in lower BMI group than in normal BMI group and healthy subjects (P<0.05).The forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage,forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity,and arterial oxygen tension were significantly lower in lower BMI group than in normal BMI group,and the arterial carbon dioxide tension was significantly higher in lower BMI group than in normal BMI group (P<0.05).The levels of serum CRP,IL-8,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly higher in lower BMI group than those in normal BMI group and healthy subjects (P<0.05).In lower BMI group,BMI was negatively correlated with total cell count (r=-0.492,P=0.0038) and neutrophils (r=-0.501,P=0.0032) in induced sputum and the levels of serum CRP (r=-0.473,P=0.0083),IL-8(r=-0.382,P=0.0421),IL-6(r=-0.422,P=0.0147),and TNF-α(r=-0.416,P=0.0156),respectively.Conclu-sion Local and systemic inflammatory reaction is responsible for malnutrition associated with COPD.     

Effects of Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise on trunk control and living ability of stroke patients with hemiplegiaCSCD

Objective To explore the effect of Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise on trunk control and living ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods From September 2019 to March 2021, a total of 86 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted into the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University who met the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group with 43 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The control group was given limb function exercise, while the experimental group was given Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise, and the intervention time was 6 weeks. The Trunk impairment scale (TIS), Berg balance scale (BBS), Fugl‑Meyer assessment of motor function (FMA), Barthel index (BI) scores and the thicknesses of transverse abdominis and multifidus muscle were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention, the TIS, BBS, FMA and BI scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group [(19.52±2.68) vs (16.78±2.51) points, (43.19±5.03) vs (35.62±4.89) points, (71.24±7.39) vs (59.26±6.35) points, (69.52±6.81) vs (62.31± 6.46) points], the thickness of transversus abdominis and multifidus were significantly greater than that in the control group [(2.76±0.39) vs (2.39±0.35) mm, (24.37±1.69) vs (23.67±1.45) mm] (all P< 0.05). Conclusion Baduanjin combined with limb function exercise can improve the trunk control ability, balance function, motor function and daily life ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia. © 2021 Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. All rights reserved.     

辛伐他汀治疗煤工尘肺肺动脉高压患者的临床观察

目的 探讨辛伐他汀治疗煤工尘肺肺动脉高压的疗效.方法 选择煤工尘肺肺动脉高压患者96例,随机分为治疗组(48例)和对照组(48例).对照组口服华法林2.5mg,每天1次,共4个月;治疗组口服辛伐他汀20mg,每晚1次,共4个月.治疗前后进行6min步行试验及以超声心动图测肺动脉压力.结果 治疗组治疗后6 min步行距离为(258±26)m,与治疗前[(225±19)m]及对照组治疗后[(240±20)m]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).治疗组治疗后肺动脉压力为(36±3)mm Hg,较治疗前[(41±9)mm Hg]及对照组治疗后[(39±5)mm Hg]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 辛伐他汀能改善煤工尘肺肺动脉高压,疗效确切.

Abstract：

Objective To observe simvastatin treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods 96 CWP patients with pulmonary hypertension were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The control group was treated with 2.5 mg warfarin, once a day for four months; the treatment group was treated with 20 mg simvastatin, taken in evening, for 4 months. 6 min walking distance (6MWD) test and inspection pulmonary artery pressure were measured by echocardiography before and after treatment. Results In the treatment group, the 6MWD were (258±26)m after treatment and (225±19)m before treatment, respectively. Compared with control group, pulmonary artery pressure was (41±9)mm Hg in the treatment group before treatment, (36±3)mm Hg in the treatment group after treatment, and( 39±5 )mm Hg in control group, respectively, the diffrence was statistically significant(P＜0.05 ). Conclusions Simvastatin can improve pulmonary hypertension in coal workers pneumoconiosis, and shows a definite curative ffect.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并深静脉血栓形成危险因素及抗凝因子检测

Objective To investigate the risk factors and anticoagulation parameters in patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) combined with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods All of 110 AECOPD patients were divided into two groups according to Doppler examination of lower extremities: DVT group and non-DVT group. The risk factors and anticoagulation parameters were compared. Results Twelve cases (10.9%) were in DVT group,of whom 2 cases (1.8%)had pulmonary embolism. The rate of lying in bed > 3 d, smoke, mechanical ventilation, hospital stays and the levels of PaCO2 were significantly higher in DVT group than those in non-DVT group (P < 0.01 or <0.05 ). In DVT group, the activity of antithrombin Ⅲ and the level of protein S decreased (P < 0.05 ), and the level of D-Dimer increased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Long-term bed, smoke and mechanical ventilation requirement are the main risk factors of DVT in patients with AECOPD. Respiratory failure (type Ⅱ ) is easier to combine with DVT. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolytic system exists in AECOPD with DVT.     

PAF-AH基因G994T突变与1型糖尿病的关系研究

Objective To investigate the plasma PAF-AH level in initialed type 1 diabetes patients and the association between the PAF-AH gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods 155 initialed type 1 diabetes patients and 138 controls were selected in this study. Plasma PAF-AH was determined by PAF-AH Assay kit, and the PAE-AH gene G994t genotypes were detected by PCR. Results The activity of plasma PAF-AH in the patients with type 1 diabetes was significantly lower than that in the controls[ (20.64 ± 6.23)nmol/(min · ml) vs (28.56 ± 4. 11)nmol/(min · ml), P ＜0.05). Compared with control group, the frequencies of the GT genotype on G994T polymorphism between type 1 diabetes patients and controls were not significantly different(8.4％ vs 7. 2％, P ＞0. 05). Conclusion The activity of plasma PAF-AH in the patients with type 1 diabetes was significantly lower than controls. The G994T polymorphism of PAF-AH gene was not related to type 1 diabetes mellitus.     

PAF-AH基因G994T突变与1型糖尿病的关系研究

Objective To investigate the plasma PAF-AH level in initialed type 1 diabetes patients and the association between the PAF-AH gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods 155 initialed type 1 diabetes patients and 138 controls were selected in this study. Plasma PAF-AH was determined by PAF-AH Assay kit, and the PAE-AH gene G994t genotypes were detected by PCR. Results The activity of plasma PAF-AH in the patients with type 1 diabetes was significantly lower than that in the controls[ (20.64 ± 6.23)nmol/(min · ml) vs (28.56 ± 4. 11)nmol/(min · ml), P ＜0.05). Compared with control group, the frequencies of the GT genotype on G994T polymorphism between type 1 diabetes patients and controls were not significantly different(8.4％ vs 7. 2％, P ＞0. 05). Conclusion The activity of plasma PAF-AH in the patients with type 1 diabetes was significantly lower than controls. The G994T polymorphism of PAF-AH gene was not related to type 1 diabetes mellitus.     

北京地区4960例慢性阻塞性肺病住院患者心血管疾病发生率的回顾性调查

目的 分析慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)住院患者心血管疾病(CVD)及其相关疾病的发生率顺位、年龄及性别特征,探讨近10年COPD患者CVD发生率的演变趋势.方法 对2000年1月1日至2010年3月20日解放军总医院、北京协和医院及北京医院住院病案数据库进行回顾性调查.结果 (1)入选患者4960例,男性3570例,女性1390例,平均年龄(72.2±10.4)岁.(2)合并CVD的COPD患者共2562例,CVD总发生率为48.8%,标化率为26.4%.标化率排名前三位为肺源性心脏病和肺循环疾病(15.8%)、心力衰竭(13.6%)和缺血性心脏病(10.6%).(3)男性COPD患者心绞痛、肺源性心脏病和肺循环疾病、急性肾功能衰竭等发生率较高(P＜0.05),而女性病例急性心肌梗死、心律失常(房颤/房扑)、心力衰竭、肺栓塞、高血压病、糖尿病等发生率较高(P＜0.05).(4)近10年COPD患者的心律失常发生率有随年龄增加而升高趋势,缺血性心脏病和心力衰竭发生率则逐年下降;COPD患者中CVD的女性比例呈上升趋势.结论 COPD住院患者中有近50%存在CVD及相关合并症,且不同年龄和性别患者CVD合并症发生率的变化趋势各具特点.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively explore the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Beijing.Methods The COPD patients who were discharged from the General Hospital of the Liberation Army,Peking Union medical college Hospital and Beijing Hospital between January 1st,2000 to March 20th,2010,were investigated.The prevalence of CVD were calculated.The tendency of the prevalence of CVD by age or discharge year and the difference of the prevalence of CVD between male and female were estimated by using chi-square analysis.Results There were 4960 COPD patients who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria with 3570 males and 1390 females.The mean age was 72.2±10.4 years.Of the COPD patients,48.8% were diagnosed as cardiovascular diseases.The age-adjusted over-all prevalence of CVD was 26.4%.Chronic pulmonary heart disease and other disease of pulmonary artery(15.8%)was the most frequent diseases,followed by heart failure(13.6%),ischemic heart disease (10.6%).In COPD patients,male was more likely to have angina,pulmonary heart disease and other disease of pulmonary artery and acute kidney failure (P＜0.05),while less likely to get arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter),heart failure,pulmonary embolism,hypertension and diabetes mellitus (P＜0.05).The prevalence of arrhythmia increased with age,however,the ischemic heart disease and heart failure decreased.The proportion of CVD decreased in male patients while increased in females.Conclusion The overall prevalence of CVD comorbidities was 48.8% in 4960 patients with COPD who were older than 40 years in Beijing.There were differences among the groups of various age and sex in the distribution of CVD comorbidities frequencies year by year.     

亚低温治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者对炎性反应影响及肺保护作用的研究

Objective To explore the effect of mild hypothermia on inflammation status,lung function protection and clinical prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods All of 56 patients with ARDS were randomly divided into two groups: trial group (29 patients,treatment with mild hypothermia) and control group (27 patients, treatment with common practice). The following parameters including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-6 and C reactive protein (CRP), oxygenation index, SOFA evaluation and injury of lungs evaluation were detemined before treatment and at the 3rd, 7th day after treatment, and survival rates and adverse reaction in 28 days also were observed.Results After treatment, the levels of TNF-α ,IL-6 and CRP were decreased significantly, and oxygenation index, the scores of SOFA evaluation and injury of lungs evaluation were improved significantly in trial group than those in control group (P<0.05 ). The survival rate in trial group was higher than that in control group after treatment of 28 days [65.5%(19/29) vs 51.9%(14/27)]. The courses of mechanical ventilation and staying in ICU in trial group were shorter than those in control group [(11.9±3.6)d vs (17.0±5.1)d,(14.1±4.2)d vs (21.5±7.7)d](P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia can effectively attenuate inflammation disorder, improve damaged lung function and prognosis in patients with ARDS.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病长期家庭氧疗的临床观察

目的 观察长期家庭氧疗(LTDOT)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的治疗效果.方法 将COPD患者随机分为LTDOT组和对照组,每组各26例,常规治疗相同,LTDOT组进行LTDOT,对照组在家无氧疗.两组于缓解期治疗前及治疗后2年测定肺功能、血气分析、进行生活质量评估等.结果 治疗后2年LTDOT组第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)为(1.42±0.42)L,动脉血氧分压(PaO2)为(80.0±2.6)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),与对照组的(0.72±0.38)L、(55.0±2.2)mmHg比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);最大肺活量、动脉血二氧化碳分压两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);生活质量评分LTDOT组优于对照组;LTDOT组急诊次数为(2.3±1.2)次,住院时间为(16.0±2.4)d,与对照组的(5.2±1.3)次、(36.0±2.2)d比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 COPD缓解期患者行LTDOT能增加FEV1、PaO2,提高生活质量,减少急诊次数和住院时间.     

三位一体化护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨三位一体护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能以及生活质量的影响。方法 选择2017年2月—2019年2月于我院治疗的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者88例,按随机数字表法将所有患者分为两组,每组各44例。对照组实施常规出院指导,观察组在对照组基础上实施三位一体护理,对比分析两组肺功能指标以及生活质量。结果 观察组干预后用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、一秒量比预计值(FEV1%)指标分别为(3.61±0.72)L、(2.78±0.56)L、(77.82±15.53)%,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域分别为(76.63±6.19)分、(84.52±12.00)分、(81.52±13.67)分、(76.63±11.49)分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 三位一体化护理能够有效改善COPD患者的肺功能,利于提升生活质量。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的 探讨无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭中的治疗作用.方法 将76例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各38例,在进行抗感染、对症等常规治疗的同时,分别给予持续静脉滴注尼可刹米或无创正压通气治疗6 h,比较两组治疗前后生命体征及血气分析变化.结果两组治疗6 h后,治疗组在收缩压、心率、呼吸频率方面改善均显著优于对照组(P<0.05或<0.01);对照组pH值无改善,而治疗组pH值显著改善,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组和对照组治疗后均有动脉血氧分压上升[(81.7±6.3)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(50.6±4.3)mm Hg,(67.6±7.4)mm Hg比(50.8±5.2)mm Hg]和且动脉血二氧化碳分压下降[(49.6±4.5)mm Hg比(78.5±10.4)mm Hg,(60.8±6.1)mm Hg比(76.8±8.3)mmHg],治疗组改善更明显(P<0.01).结论 无创正压通气治疗适合COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,其在改善临床症状和动脉血气指标方面均优于常规治疗,值得临床推广.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重和疾病进展的关系

目的 研究肺功能、血气分析、圣乔治呼吸调查问卷(SGRQ)评分、全身营养状况等临床指标在评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的疾病进展中的作用.方法 观察因急性加重而住院的中重度COPD患者的肺功能、血气分析、SGRQ评分、全身营养状况等临床指标与前一次急性加重时的变化趋势.结果 中度COPD患者第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)和氧合指数随病情的进展呈现明显下降趋势[住院1、2、3、4次分别为(68.43±3.09)%、(61.27±3.38)%、(42.05±4.16)%、(33.64±3.34)%和435.55±10.23、404.35±11.56、358.38±13.21、321.29±11.78](P<0.05),PaCO2则呈现明显上升趋势[住院1、2、3、4次分别为(36.23±3.62)、(45.44±4.67)、(57.82±4.12)、(78.28±5.21)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)](P<0.05),重度COPD患者氧合指数呈明显下降趋势.SGRQ评分在中重度患者中均有明显下降趋势(P<0.05),血红蛋白、白蛋白、体重指数则无明显变化趋势.结论 急性加重对COPD患者的肺功能和生活质量影响甚大,肺功能检查、血气分析指标和SGRQ评分可以反映COPD的疾病进展.     

口服罗红霉素对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影响

目的 探讨口服罗红霉素对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能的影响,并分析其可能的机制.方法 将50例COPD患者采用随机、单盲方法 分成治疗组25例与对照组25例,其中对照组采用常规基础治疗,治疗组在常规基础治疗基础上口服罗红霉素0.15 g,2次/d,并持续1年.观察两组患者治疗前后外周血中性粒细胞计数及肺功能的变化,统计分析两组患者发生病情急性加重及因此而需住院的次数.结果 治疗组患者治疗前后外周血中性粒细胞计数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV_1/FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%预计值)、最大通气量、清晨最大呼气流量治疗前后改变不明显(P>0.05),对照组却有明显下降(P<0.05),两组患者治疗前后肺功能的变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组急性加重10例次(4J0%),对照组19例次(76%);治疗组需住院6例次(24%),对照组13例次(52%),两组急性加重率及需住院率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 口服罗红霉素对COPD患者肺功能具有保护作用,其可能的机制与罗红霉素对中性粒细胞的抑制作用有关.     

不同氧疗技术对急性氮气窒息大鼠治疗效果的评价

目的 评价不同氧疗技术对急性氮气窒息大鼠的治疗效果,以探讨更加适合急性氮气窒息患者的现场氧疗技术.方法 健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分成对照组、单纯染毒组、33%浓度氧吸氧组、50%浓度氧吸氧组和高压氧舱吸氧组,每组12只.将氮气与空气混合成为96%氮气浓度的气体充入染毒罐,染毒组大鼠在染毒罐中静式吸入此混合气体1 h.单纯染毒组大鼠于染毒后吸入常压空气1 h;高压氧治疗组将大鼠置于高压氧舱中,纯氧洗舱并进行高压氧(压力为0.2 MPa,氧浓度>90%)吸氧治疗1 h;其他2个染毒组大鼠分别置于33%氧浓度和50%氧浓度的氧疗罐中,吸氧1 h.比较对照组、单纯染毒组和各吸氧治疗组大鼠的行为学表现、动脉血氧分压(PO2)、二氧化碳分压(PCO2)和血氧饱和度(SPO2)、肝肾功能指标和心肌酶的变化情况.结果 各组大鼠在染毒后出现先兴奋后抑制的表现,氧疗后意识得到恢复.单纯染毒组大鼠PO2[(79.67±9.12)mm Hg]和SPO2[(94.92±2.78)mm Hg]明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);33%氧浓度组、50%氧浓度组、高压氧疗组大鼠PO2[分别为(94.75±7.24)、(94.92±8.98)、(104.58±7.12)mmHg]均较单纯染毒组明显增加,SPO2[分别为(97.17±0.83)、(96.92±1.16)、(97.42±0.67)mmHg]也有所升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);33%氧浓度组和50%氧浓度组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高压氧组PO2较另外2个氧疗组增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高压氧组PCO2[(51.42±6.60)mm Hg]较50%浓度氧组[(44.58±3.42)mm Hg]增高,其他各组间PCO2的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).单纯染毒组大鼠天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)[(270.50±49.05)U/L]、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)[(122.67±55.44)U/L]、尿素氮(BUN)[(7.31±0.93)mmol/L]、肌酐(Cr)[(28.32±4.35)μmol/L以及肌酸激酶(CK)[(1808.42±582.05)U/L]和肌钙蛋白(CtnI)[(22.52±14.29)ng/ml]均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)[(1286.58±484.80)U/L]和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)[(553.08±53.46)U/L]无明显变化.各种方式氧疗后以上各项指标有部分降低,而高压氧治疗组AST[(165.25±30.87)U/L]、HBDH[(350.83±103.00)U/L]和CTnI[(11.23±5.38)ng/ml]较33%浓度氧或50%浓度氧治疗组下降更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 ).结论 及时有效的氧疗能够明显提高急性氮气窒息大鼠动脉PO2和SPO2,并且可以改善肝功能和心肌损害.而高压氧的使用更能够明显提高对氮气窒息大鼠的治疗效果.

Abstract：

Objective To Evaluate the effects of different oxygen therapies on the rats with acute nitrogen asphyxia and to study the best oxygen therapic protocol for patients with acute nitrogen asphyxia on the spot. Methods Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, exposure to nitrogen, 33% oxygen treatment, 50% oxygen treatment and hyperbaric oxygen treatment groups. The behavioral performance, arterial oxygen pressure (PO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) and oxygen saturation (SPO2), biochemical changes in liver and kidney function and myocardial enzymes in 5 groups were measured. Results The rats exposed to nitrogen firstly were excited then inactive symptoms, but consciousness was recovered after oxygen therapy. The PO2 and SPO2 in nitrogen exposure group were (79.67±9.12) and (94.92±2.78) mm Hg, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The PO2 and SPO2 of 3 oxygen treatment groups were (94.75±7.24), (94.92±8.98), (104.58±7.12)mm Hg and (97.17±0.83), (96.92±1.16), (97.42±0.67)mm Hg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in nitrogen exposure group (P<0.05). The PO2 in hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was significantly higher than those in other 2 oxygen treatment groups (P<0.05). The SPO2 in hyperbaric oxygen treatment group was (51.42±6.60) mm Hg which was significantly higher than that [(44.58±3.42)mm Hg] in 50% oxygen treatment groups (P<0.05). AST [(270.50±49.05)U/L], ALT [(122.67±55.44)U/L], BUN [(7.31±0.93 )mmol/L], Cr[(28.32±4.35) (μmol/L], CK [(1808.42 ±582.05 )U/L] and CtnI [(22.52±14.29 )ng/ml] in nitrogen exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). AST [(165.25 ±30.87 )U/L], HBDH [(350.83± 103.00)U/L] and Ctnl [(11.23±5.38 )ng/ml] in hyperbaric oxygen treatment group were significantly lower than those in other 2 oxygen treatment groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Timely and effective oxygen therapy can significantly increase arterial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation in the rats with acute nitrogen asphyxia, and can improve liver function and cardiac damage. The hyperbaric oxygen chamber can significantly increase the therapeutic effects on rats with acute nitrogen asphyxiation.     

成年人小主动脉瓣环者机械瓣膜置换术后远期疗效

目的 探讨成年人小主动脉瓣环者机械瓣膜置换术后的远期疗效,以指导临床实践.方法 2003年7月至2005年2月对36例小主动脉瓣环(直径≤19mm)的成年患者行人工机械瓣膜置换术.分别采用改良Manougnian法瓣环扩大后植入23 mm CarboMedics机械瓣膜14例(CM组);瓣环上主动脉瓣置换法直接植入19 mm CarboMedics Top Hat Supra-Annular Aortic机械瓣膜22例(CMSA组),于术前和术后6年评价两组患者的心功能,超声心动图检测左心室舒张末内径(LVDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、收缩期主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差(PGav)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS),计算左心室射血分数.并抽取20例健康成年人的超声心动图数据作为对照组,对三组资料进行对比分析.结果 术后6年与术前比较,除CMSA组的IVST[(10.37±2.06)mm比(11.03±2.45)mm]和LVPWT[(10.53±2.18)mm比(11.24±3.09)mm]差异无统计学意义外,CMSA组的心功能分级、LVDD、PGav、LVEF、LVFS和CM组的全部检测指标均较术前有不同程度改·善(P＜ 0.01或＜0.05).术后6年CM组的PGav较CMSA组下降更明显[(9.24±5.93)mm Hg(1mmHg=0.133 kPa)比(24.30±12.50)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);CM组术后6年各项指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而CMSA组的IVST、LVPWT、PGav与对照组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 成年人小主动脉瓣环者机械瓣膜置换术后远期左心室功能多恢复良好,但行瓣环扩大术应植入较大内径的瓣膜,将有利于左心室形态的逆转.     

胆管结石与Oddi括约肌压力关系的研究

目的 探讨胆管结石患者术后Oddi括约肌(SO)压力的变化.方法 对60例多次胆道结石手术患者(复发性结石组)、80例首次胆道结石手术患者(结石组)及9例胰腺或肝脏外伤患者(对照组)测量胆总管压力(CBDP)、SO基础压力(SOBP)、SO收缩幅度(SOCA)及SO收缩频率(SOF),统计比较各组数据的差异.结果 复发性结石组、结石组CBDP[(13.78±9.91)、(12.65±7.64)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)]、SOBP[(15.27±9.15)、(14.89±7.87)mm Hg]、SOCA[(106.30±54.70)、(98.39±38.29)mmHg]、SOF[(6.91±1.92)、(6.25±2.17)次/min]均较对照组[分别为(12.54±2.35)mm Hg、(13.63±3.27)mm Hg、(87.65±56.38)mm Hg、(5.26±2.11)次/min]明显升高(P＜0.05),而复发性结石组与结石组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 胆管结石患者术后存在SO功能障碍,而且SO的这些异常改变可能与胆管结石的形成和/或复发有关.     

特发性肺间质纤维化是否合并肺气肿患者的临床特征对比分析

目的 探讨特发性肺间质纤维化（IPF）是否合并肺气肿患者的临床特点、肺功能、影像学及其预后的差异.方法 选择IPF且符合肺纤维化合并肺气肿（CPFE）诊断的患者43例（观察组）,选择同期确诊的单纯IPF未合并肺气肿患者40例（对照组）,对比分析两组患者的临床资料、肺功能、血氧分压、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞成分及生存时间的差异.结果 观察组吸烟指数为（29±17）包年,明显高于对照组的（17± 15）包年,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）/用力肺活量（FVC）占预计值百分比为（70±6）％,明显低于对照组的（84±9）％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组一氧化碳弥散量（DLCO）占预计值百分比为（43±11）％,明显低于对照组的（55±17）％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组肺总量占预计值百分比（78±12）％,明显高于对照组的（63±11）％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组肺活量占预计值百分比及静息状态下动脉血氧分压比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组BALF细胞总数、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及嗜酸粒细胞百分率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 吸烟为IPF合并肺气肿的重要危险因素,合并肺气肿不影响IPF患者的预后.     

运动锻炼配合噻托溴铵、沙美特罗/替卡松联合吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期疗效分析

目的 观察运动锻炼配合噻托溴铵、沙美特罗/替卡松吸入对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的疗效.方法 将COPD稳定期Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者60例依据随机数字表法分为对照组(药物)和试验组(药物+锻炼),对照组联合吸入噻托溴铵粉雾剂及沙美特罗/替卡松干粉剂,试验组在药物治疗同时配合运动锻炼(缩唇呼吸和踏阶梯运动),疗程均为8周;治疗前后以第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)、MRC评分、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分、6min步行距离(6MWD)等指标评价疗效.结果 试验组、对照组治疗前后组内各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后试验组、对照组FEV1[(1.41±0.25)L比(1.28±0.23)L]、FEV1%[(53.76±11.17)%比(46.27±8.85)%]、FEV1/FVC[(62.12±10.78)%比(55.76±8.57)%]、MRC评分[(1.56±1.16)分比(2.29±1.13)分]、ADL评分[(5.51±0.18)分比(4.47±0.13)分]、6MWD[(342.7±19.7)m比(280.6±17.8)m]比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05).结论 配合运动锻炼能显著改进噻托溴铵、沙美特罗/替卡松联合吸入对COPD稳定期患者的疗效.