一种制备特异性人体甲胎蛋白抗血清的简便方法

单相特异性抗甲胎蛋白抗血清是临床检测血清甲胎蛋白不可缺少的一种试剂。以往制备这种抗血清,除用甲胎蛋白粗制品免疫的需用正常人混合血清吸收外,均需经分离和纯化甲胎蛋白的步骤,因此操作繁复,周期较长。最近,我们用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶-并列抗体凝胶交叉免疫电泳(详见《细胞生物学杂志》一九七九年第一卷第二期),取得纯化的抗原抗体复合物,并用以免疫动物,可获得较大量的单相特异性的甲胎蛋白抗血清。现将方法简述如下。     

卵巢囊腺癌相关抗原特性的进一步研究

要建立敏感的具有特异性的卵巢癌免疫学诊断方法,首先遇到的问题是卵巢癌是否具有肿瘤特异性抗原或肿瘤相关抗原、抗原的特性及提纯的方法。我室曾在这方面作过一些研究。本实验应用亲和层析法纯化抗原,并用免疫耐受法制备的特异性较高的抗血清,进一步研究了卵巢囊腺癌组织抗原的特性,并对该等抗原的分子量作了检测。     

紫杉醇完全抗原的合成鉴定及免疫原性分析

目的 制备红豆杉属植物中抗癌成分紫杉醇(paclitaxel,TAX)的人工抗原及抗血清,为获取分泌抗紫杉醇抗体的单克隆细胞系及分离单链抗体基因、进而以之提高植物中紫杉醇的量,及建立快速检测TAX的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法提供技术基础。方法 将7-木糖基紫杉醇(7-xylotaxol,7-xyl-TAX)经NaIO-4氧化打开糖环,与载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白(BSA)反应偶联,制得半抗原-载体蛋白复合物后,用基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱测定其中结合的半抗原数目;以此抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗血清,并通过ELISA法检测其抗体效价和特异性。结果 合成的人工抗原TAX-BSA中TAX与BSA的结合比约为4～5∶1;免疫小鼠到特异针对TAX的抗血清,TAX抗体的效价为1∶3 200。结论 成功地合成了TAX的人工抗原,且该抗原有较好的免疫原性。     

兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体的制备

目的制备辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记的兔抗麻雀IgY抗体,为禽类血清学检测体系的建立提供技术储备。方法硫酸铵盐析法粗提麻雀血清IgY,进一步在SDS-PAGE上分离后,切下带有目的条带的凝胶作为免疫原,免疫实验兔制备抗血清,Protein-A柱亲和纯化兔抗IgY血清IgG,,使用改良过碘酸钠法制备酶结合物。ELISA检测酶标抗体的工作浓度,western blotting检测酶标抗体的特异性。结果硫酸铵盐析法粗提IgY,可去除部分杂蛋白,SDS-PAGE上分离后切下带有目的条带的凝胶,可以得到足够纯度的抗原,将带有IgY的凝胶作为抗原免疫后获得的抗血清经Protein-A纯化后,二抗在SDS-PAGE上鉴定,纯度达到99%以上。改良的过碘酸钠法标记获得的抗体浓度为1.008 mg/mL,ELISA检测酶标抗体效价为1∶1000。Western blotting鉴定抗体具有特异性。结论获得了优质可靠的兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体。     

单克隆和多克隆抗体对肺癌患者血清循环免疫复合物抗原组份的检测和分析

用五株单克隆抗体(McAb)和一株多克隆抗体(PcAb)以本实验中建立的酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)夹心法检测分析肺癌,肺部良性疾病及正常人血清循环免疫复合物(CIC)的抗原组份。研究结果表明:针对肺癌亚类相关抗原CIC的五个McAb其癌抗原阳性率可分别自20％至32％不等。而PcAb与肺癌及肺部良性疾病血清CIC均可起反应,抗原阳性率分别为45.7％和41.4％。采用多株McAb组合应用可显著提高整个肺癌CIC抗原检出率(49％)。提示多株McAb并用在检测特异性肺癌相关抗原CIC方面优于PcAb。用McAb检测CIC抗原可说明宿主的肿瘤免疫反应状态,并为预后判断提供帮助。     

石杉碱甲人工抗原的合成、鉴定及免疫原性分析

目的 制备乙酰胆碱脂酶抑制活性成分石杉碱甲(huperzine A,HupA)的人工抗原及抗血清.方法 将HupA与戊二醛、载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白(BSA)反应偶联,制得半抗原-载体蛋白复合物后,用基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱测定其中结合的半抗原数目;以此抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗血清,并通过ELISA法检测其抗体效价和特异性.结果 合成的人工抗原HupA-GA-BSA中HupA与BSA的结合比约为8:1;免疫小鼠得到特异针对HupA的抗血清,HupA抗体的效价为1:62 500.结论 成功地合成了HupA的人工抗原,且该抗原有较好的免疫原性.     

小鼠ZP2抗体的制备及其免疫活性研究

目的制备抗小鼠ZP2（mZP2）抗体并研究抗血清的免疫活性。方法利用Rosetta宿主菌诱导表达mZP2重组蛋白,电泳
分离重组ZP2蛋白,切胶制备免疫抗原;利用乳化抗原主动免疫新西兰雄兔制抗血清;通过ELISA测定抗体应答水平;以免疫组
化测定抗血清特异性;通过精卵结合实验检测抗血清对小鼠卵子结合顶体反应后精子的影响。结果ELISA结果说明用重组蛋
白免疫新西兰雄兔诱发产生了抗血清。免疫组化实验证明抗血清与小鼠卵巢透明带发生了特异性反应,精卵结合实验显示抗
ZP2抗体能抑制顶体反应后精子与卵子结合。结论重组mZP2蛋白诱发产生了抗ZP2抗体,抗体能抑制顶体反应后的精子与
卵子结合。
     

特异性RBBP10多克隆抗体的制备

目的：制备RBBP10多克隆抗体。方法：用纯化的RBBP10蛋白为抗原免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体，间接ELISA法检测抗体效价，Western印迹检测抗体特异性。结果：抗血清效价可达1：1000以上。结论：经Western印迹检测证明抗体效价高，特异性强．此抗体可通过免疫组化方法检测RBBP10蛋白在各种肿瘤中的表达。具有一定的应用价值。     

小鼠IFIT1多克隆抗体的制备

目的 获取小鼠IFIT1(Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopetide repeats 1 )特异性多克隆抗体.方法 扩增培养高效表达IFIT1的重组子pMAL-C2X-IFIT1,超声破碎后的细胞上清过Amylose Pre-packed column亲和层析柱,将所得纯化的融合蛋白MBP-IFIT1作为抗原,添加福氏佐机剂后免疫兔,收集抗血清,用Western blot和ELISA方法测定抗血清特异性反应和效价.结果 纯化的MBP-IFIT1可诱导兔产生特异性免疫应答,所得抗体能够特异性识别融合蛋白中的IFIT1,ELISA结果显示其效价为1∶12 800.结论 MBP-IFIT1具有良好的抗原性,以该融合蛋白为抗原免疫兔成功制备出IFIT1特异性多克隆抗体.     

人血浆纤维连接素的提纯及其抗血清制备

本文报道了用明胶-cNBr-Sepharose4B亲和层析法与Sephadex G200滤过层析法相结合提取人血浆Fn,操作简便,抗原纯度高。采用微量多点注射免疫新西兰大白兔,制备了兔抗人血浆Fn抗血清,能与人Fn抗原呈特异性反应,也能与其它动物的Fn抗原呈交叉反应,可用于测定血浆中Fn含量和免疫组织化学研究。     

一组抗肺癌单克隆抗体的产生及其鉴定

以肺癌细胞株和组织为免疫原制备4株抗肺癌McAbs,其中LC86a H8和LC86bD7可分别识别肺鳞癌不同亚类抗原,LC86a C5可识别肺腺癌某一亚类抗原,LC86a E4可识别某些肺鳞癌和肺腺癌的共同抗原。将这4株McAbs组成一组使用,可提高肺癌的检出率。     

抗肺癌单克隆抗体的研制

采用新鲜肺癌组织制成的细胞悬液及肺腺癌细胞株做为免疫原,免疫Balb/c小鼠。取脾细胞与经活体增殖的无支原体污染的高活力SP2/O骨髓瘤细胞融合,联合应用酶联免疫吸附和多组织切片免疫组化染色法进行筛选,得到两株分泌对肺癌具高特异性的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。抗体与被检测的大多数人体正常组织无交叉反应,可初步用于肺癌病理鉴别诊断。     

抗人膀胱癌人-鼠嵌合抗体真核表达载体的构建和表达

目的:构建嵌合型抗人膀胱癌抗体的真核表达载体,并实现其真核表达.方法:从杂交瘤细胞中克隆得到鼠源单抗的可变区基因,插入嵌合抗体IgG1真核表达载体pDHL中,转染 CHO细胞,实现其真核表达,并对抗人膀胱癌人-鼠嵌合抗体的功能进行初步鉴定.结果:成功构建抗人膀胱癌人-鼠嵌合抗体真核表达载体,并实现其真核表达. 初步的功能鉴定表明抗人膀胱癌人-鼠嵌合抗体具有较好的特异性和亲合力.结论 :构建的抗人膀胱癌人-鼠嵌合抗体真核表达载体在真核细胞内得到表达 ,且其功能较为理想.     

Preparation on monoclonal antibodies against laminin receptors and their inhibitory effects on attachment and spreading of tumor cells

Monoclonal antibodies against laminin receptors (LN) isolated from a highly metastatic human giant cell carcinoma of lung (PG) were prepared by routine hybridoma technique. Two positive clones secreted monoclonal antibodies against laminin receptors, one of which was named McB1. McB1 was bound more efficiently to LN-R of cultured PG tumor cells immunohistochemically. McB1 could markedly inhibit the attachment and spreading of S-180 mouse ascitic tumor cells and PG tumor cells on laminin substrate. Monoclonal antibody against LN-R is definitely useful in studying the interaction between tumor cells and extracellular matrix and the molecular mechanisms of invasion and metastases of tumor cells.     

亲和层析法纯化抗大肠肿瘤相关抗原的单克隆抗体

目的制备和纯化鼠源性抗人大肠肿瘤单克隆抗体(单抗),分析其相应抗原在大肠肿瘤细胞中的表达。方法常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠制备腹水,应用G蛋白亲和层析柱对小鼠腹水样品进行分离纯化。采用SDS-PAGE、间接免疫荧光(IFA)、间接ELISA检测纯化后抗体的纯度、活性、效价和特异性。用免疫细胞化学、流式细胞术和免疫组织化学技术S-P法检测其相应抗原在大肠肿瘤细胞株和组织中的表达。结果还原性SDS-PAGE显示所获抗体为单一组分。应用间接ELISA检测抗体效价为1∶106,纯化后的抗体对大肠肿瘤细胞株具有特异结合活性,并在高分化大肠腺癌组织中表现出更高选择性(P<0.01)。结论G蛋白亲和层析法操作简便,所得单抗的纯度高,特异性强,生物学活性好。对临床上早期诊断大肠肿瘤将具有较大的意义。     

分泌抗H_(615)单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系的建立

用抗正常615纯系小鼠肝细胞抗体处理的H615瘤细胞免疫Balb/c小鼠、取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓细胞融合、以间接免疫荧光法和细胞ELISA二种方法检测、建立两株分泌抗H615单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系。两杂交瘤细胞系所产生的单克隆抗体与正常615小鼠的肝、脾、肺、肾、心肌、横纹肌、胸腺的组织细胞和小鼠肿瘤细胞及人肝癌细胞无交叉反应,证明两种单克隆抗体具有一定的特异性。对两种单克隆抗体进行亚类检定均属IgG_1。     

大肠癌相关抗体Fab段噬菌体呈现库的表达和活性鉴定

OBJECTIVE: To express the original human Fab antibody phage display library with positive recombined bacterium XL1-blue-Pcomb3 and identify its specific binding activity with colorectal cancer cells in vitro after screening with human colorectal cancer-related antigens. METHOD: The recombination rate of Fd fragment of the heavy chain and insertion of kappa chain of the antibodies was determined with PCR, and the original Fab library was expressed. The antigens were extracted from 3 sensitized colorectal cancer tissues previously used for construction of the original Fab library and from 13 non-sensitized colorectal cancer tissues, along with the antigens from LoVo, HT-29 and LS-174T cells cultured in vitro. The original Fab antibody library was screened with the 3 groups of mixed antigens derived in preceding procedure and 3 tertiary Fab antibody libraries were obtained, which were then mixed in equal volume for subsequent tests of binding activity with human colorectal cancer tissues and cells in vitro using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemical staining. Specimens of gastric and esophageal carcinomas and normal intestinal mucosa, together with liver cancer cells and gastric cancer cells were utilized as control. RESULT: The recombination rate of Fd and kappa chain were 40 % and 70 % respectively, and the rate of their simultaneous insertion into Pcomb3 vector was 28%. The capacity of library for Fab fragment genes was 2.1x10(6), and the original antibody libraries screened with the 3 groups of mixed antigens were enriched to varied degrees, which all displayed relatively specific binding activity with human colorectal cancer tissue and cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: Colorectal cancer-related antibody Fab fragments are obtained through screening phage display library, which show relatively specific binding activity with human colorectal cancer tissues and cells.     

Detection of antigens associated with lung carcinoma in sera by monoclonal antibodies WLA-2C4 and CL-3.

The levels of tumor-associated antigens (TAAS) corresponded to monoclonal antibodies WLA-2C4 and CL-3 in sera of 57 lung cancer patients, 100 healthy adults and 50 non-tumor disease patients were assayed with SABC-ELISA of immunobinding inhibition test. The threshold values of WLA-2C4 and CL-3 (RBI) were 12% and 36%, respectively. The positive results of lung carcinomas with at least one of the two TAAS were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 89%; adenocarcinoma 83%; small cell carcinoma 67% and their mean positive rate was 79%. Whereas the positive rate in healthy adults and non-tumor disease patients was only 6%. These results indicate that using monoclonal antibodies WLA-2C4 and CL-3 simultaneously may be helpful to the serological diagnosis of lung carcinoma.

     

MOUSE AND HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINSTGASTRIC CANCERPREPARATION AND CLINICAL APPLICATION

Ten clones of mouse and two clones, oF hu-man phybridoma cell producing monoclonal an- tibodies against gastric cancer were established. The nature, specificity and affinity of these mo- noclonal antibodies for gastric cancer associated antigens were demonstrated. They were used preliminarily in the diagnosis of gastric carcino- ma with encouraging results. Cultivated gastric cancer cells or tumor cells from surgically resected gastric cancer or affected lymph nodes were used to immunize Balb/c mice. The lymphocytes harvested from the spleen after immunization were fused with mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0. Ten kinds of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with different histopathologi- cal types of gastric carcinomas have been prepar~ ed. Two kinds of human monoclonal antibodies have also been produced by fusion of the lym- phocytes from the draining lymph nodes with mouse-human heteromyeloma cell line SHM-D33. Considerable amounts of McAbs can be obtained from the cell culture supernatant or from ascitic fluid of mice with intraperitoneally transplanted hybridoma cells.     

Purification and partial characterization of a new group of gastric cancer associated antigens.

The corresponding antigens of MG series monoclonal antibodies (MG5, MG9, MGd1 and MGe1) against gastric cancer were purified and partially characterized. Each of these monoclonal antibodies was purified by passing through a DEAE-52 cellulose columns and covalently coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose 4B successively. By means of concanavalin A and antibody affinity chromatography, the corresponding antigens of MG series McAb were extracted from gastric cancer tissue respectively. Immunological and biochemical studies confirmed that the corresponding antigens of MG series McAb were a new group of gastric cancer associated neutral glycolipid and glycoprotein antigens.