甘氨双唑钠对肺癌体内外放射增敏作用研究

目的研究甘氨双唑钠对肺癌细胞株照射敏感性及配合肺癌患者应用γ刀治疗的放射增敏作用。方法肺癌细胞系NCl—H446和NCl—H596用^60Coγ射线照射，同时用或不用甘氨双唑钠配合，台盼蓝拒染法检测存活细胞存活率；绘制细胞生存曲线；应用γ刀治疗的临床各期肺癌患者，治疗前静脉滴注甘氨双唑钠，同时随机选择单纯γ刀治疗未使用甘氨双唑钠者作为对照。1个疗程结束后6周评价疗效。结果甘氨双唑钠可以显著增加肺癌细胞株对γ射线的敏感性，提高γ射线对肺癌细胞系的杀伤作用；甘氨双唑钠配合γ刀治疗肺癌可显著增加疗效，两组总有效率（CR＋PR）分别为47．22％和37．67％，抑瘤率分别为55．42％和44．15％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），且与临床分期及病理类型无关（P〉0．05）。结论甘氨双唑钠对肺癌细胞株及肺癌患者的放射治疗有增敏作用，能显著提高放疗疗效，是一种良好的放射增敏剂。     

甘氨双唑钠修饰纳米金对肺腺癌细胞A549的放射增敏研究

目的 探讨甘氨双唑钠修饰纳米金制备及放射增敏效果。方法 把甘氨双唑钠修饰到已连接聚乙二醇的纳米金上,纳米金粒径18 nm。利用扫描电镜观察肺腺癌(A549)细胞吞噬甘氨双唑钠-纳米金的现象。将培养的肺腺癌细胞分为甘氨双唑钠组、纳米金组、甘氨双唑钠-纳米金组、对照组(不加药组)。用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法和克隆形成实验对肺腺癌(A549)细胞进行放射增敏的研究。结果 甘氨双唑钠-纳米金能进入细胞质和细胞核;浓度为0.003 mg/ml纳米金和甘氨双唑钠-纳米金没有明显的细胞毒性;甘氨双唑钠-纳米金组相对于甘氨双唑钠组、纳米金组、对照组,D₀、D_q出现了下调;接受2、4、6和8 Gy剂量照射后,甘氨双唑钠-纳米金组肺腺癌细胞的存活率与其他3组相比,均明显下降(F=4.8、14.5、5.7、7.6,P<0.05)。结论 甘氨双唑钠修饰的纳米金能增加肺腺癌细胞的辐射敏感性。     

三维适形放疗加甘氨双唑钠增敏治疗食管癌疗效观察

目的：观察三维适形放疗加甘氨双唑钠增敏治疗食管癌的疗效。方法：将食管癌98例分为单纯放疗组（A组）52例，照射剂量2.0Gy／次，5次／周，总量66-70Gy；增敏放疗组（B组）46例，在A组放疗基础上，静脉滴注甘氨双唑钠800mg／m^2，每周3次，连续用药至放疗结束。结果：A组有效率及1年生存率分别为73％和48％，明显低于B组（96％，86％）。结论：甘氨双唑钠对食管癌放疗有增敏作用，可提高食管癌的部分缓解率和1年生存率。     

化疗增敏剂-甘氨双唑钠在中晚期恶性肿瘤介入治疗中的应用

目的　评价甘氨双唑钠 (CM)在中、晚期恶性肿瘤介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法　以病人自身对照 ,观察单纯介入治疗和介入治疗加甘氨双唑钠两种方案的临床疗效。结果　 5 0例中 ,3 8例 (76.0 % )病情得到明显控制 ,病灶缩小。结论　该药能提高肿瘤乏氧细胞对化疗药物的敏感性 ,从而提高疗效 ,减轻毒副作用     

甘氨双唑钠配合三维适形放疗治疗老年肺癌的近期疗效观察

目的 探讨甘氨双唑钠对老年人肺癌三维立体适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)的放射增敏作用和安全性.方法 经病理证实的老年肺癌病人27例,均采用甘氨双唑钠增敏并配合三维立体适形放射治疗技术进行治疗.甘氨双唑钠剂量为800mg/m2,用100ml生理盐水稀释溶解,于30min内滴注完,3h内完成放疗;3D-CRT采用6MeV直线加速器,单次剂量5.0～6.0Gy,3次/周,总剂量40～42Gy/3～4周,应用剂量体积直方图(DVH)评估治疗计划,确保周围正常组织及敏感组织的受量在许可范围内.结果 CR 17例(63%),PR 10例(37%),CR PR达到100%,未见明显的毒副反应.结论 甘氨双唑钠具有明显的放射增敏作用,配合3D-CRT治疗老年人肺癌可取得较好的临床疗效.     

甘氨双唑钠对食管癌放疗增敏作用的临床观察

目的探讨单纯适形放疗与适形放疗联合希美钠（cMNa）治疗食管癌的疗效。方法81例食管癌患者随机分为单纯放疗组（对照组）与放疗加希美钠组（治疗组）。放疗剂量均为DT66Gy／30次,5次／周,治疗组加用希美钠800mg／m2。滴注,每周3次,隔天静脉滴注,30min滴完。结果对照组：CR24.3％,PR65．8％,总有效率90．1％。治疗组：CR60．0％,PR37．5％,总有效率97．5％,两组CR比较疗效有显著差异（P〈0．05）,总有效率比较疗效无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论两组治疗方式对食管癌疗效无显著差异,但使用甘氨双唑钠组CR率更高。     

甘氨双唑钠增敏三维适形放疗治疗气管食管沟淋巴结转移分析

目的探讨经甘氨双唑钠增敏的三维适形放射治疗食管癌气管食管沟淋巴结(TGLN)转移的近期疗效。方法 53例的食管癌TGLN转移患者按治疗方法不同分为治疗组(27例)和对照组(26例)。治疗组行三维适形放疗,同时在行放疗前给予甘氨双唑钠800 mg/m2,加入100 ml生理盐水静脉滴注,30 min内滴完,用药后1 h内放疗,每周3次(周1、3、5用药),连续用药至放疗结束;对照组行单纯放疗。两组放疗均采用常规分割,总剂量60 Gy。结果治疗组与对照组局部控制率(CR+PR)分别为81.5%(22/27)和50%(13/26),1年生存率分别为81.5%(22/27)和34.65%(9/26),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应主要表现为放射性食管炎和白细胞下降,多为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级。结论甘氨双唑钠增敏三维适形放疗治疗食管癌TGLN转移可提高局部控制率和近期疗效,副作用可耐受。     

甘氨双唑钠联合PLF方案同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效观察

目的观察甘氨双唑钠联合顺铂加5-氟脲嘧啶/醛氢叶酸（PLF）方案同期放化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及毒副作用。方法 66例经病理确诊的Ⅲ～ⅣA期鼻咽癌患者,随机分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组31例,对照组35例。两组均采用6MV的X线加速器进行常规放疗,鼻咽原发灶DT70～72Gy/7周,颈转移灶DT64-66Gy/6.5～7周。每周照射5天,每天1次,周剂量10Gy。并予PLF方案同期化疗,其中治疗组同期配合甘氨双唑钠（CMNa）800mg/m^2放疗前1h静脉滴注,每周3次。结果在放疗剂量至60Gy时,治疗组的鼻咽肿瘤完全缓解率高于对照组（64.5%vs34.3%,P〈0.05）。放疗结束后3个月,治疗组鼻咽肿瘤完全缓解率87%也同样高于对照组的62.9%（P〈0.05）;急性毒副反应两组无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论甘氨双唑钠联合PLF方案同期放化疗可以提高局部晚期鼻咽癌的肿瘤消退速度及消退率,近期疗效优于单纯化疗增敏,无明显的急性毒副作用,耐受性好,值得临床推广应用。     

甘氨双唑钠对局部复发性鼻咽癌再程放疗的增敏作用

目的研究甘氨双唑钠（CMNa）对局部复发鼻咽癌再程放疗的增敏作用以及不良反应。方法2006年4月至2007年6月,将60例病理确诊的鼻咽癌首程治疗完全缓解（CR）后局部（鼻咽）复发患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。对照组：6MVX线体外放射治疗,放疗剂量：64～66GY/6.4～7.0周,每周照射5天,每天1次,10GY/周,设野根据患者临床和CT/MRI扫描所示病变范围,采用低熔点铅挡块不规则野,采用小野、多野等技术。试验组：将注射用甘氨双唑钠800mg/m2,用100ml生理盐水稀释溶解,30min内完成静脉滴注后于1～3小时内行常规放疗（方案同对照组）,每周3次（周一、三、五）,从放疗开始连续用药至放疗结束,约7周,共21次。观察疗效及不良反应。结果60例均可评价。鼻咽复发灶CR试验组和对照组分别为86.7%（26/30）、63.3%（19/30）,P〈0.05;1年生存率试验组和对照组分别为83.3%（25/30）、56.7%（17/30）,P〈0.05;1年无瘤生存率试验组和对照组分别为80.0%（24/30）、53.3%（16/30）,P〈0.05;两组患者的主要不良反应为粘膜、皮肤反应,但两组无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论甘氨双唑钠可以增加局部复发鼻咽癌的放疗敏感性,可以提高复发鼻咽癌近期疗效,无严重不良反应,能否提高长期生存率仍需进一步临床观察。     

放射增敏药马蔺子甲素及甘氨双唑钠对H22小鼠CD4、CD8、IL-2、TNF-α的影响

马蔺子甲素和甘氨双唑钠都是具有放射增敏作用的药物，目前处于临床Ⅳ期试验中。国外报道某些硝基咪唑类增敏剂有增强免疫系统的作用，国内有关报道尚少。为进一步了解这两个新药对荷瘤机体照射后免疫功能的影响，我们进行了实验研究，现将结果报道如下。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.