射频闭合与传统剥脱术治疗下肢静脉曲张的对照研究

目的评价射频闭合(radiofrequency endovenous obliteration,RFO)的疗效。方法 56例(56条肢体)大隐静脉曲张患者随机分为两组,每组28例。RFO组利用射频能量使大隐静脉全程闭合,静脉剥脱组用传统方法高位结扎剥脱大隐静脉。两组病例小腿散在的曲张浅静脉均采用点式剥脱处理。比较两组病例的切口数、术后疼痛、平均住院日和短期疗效等情况。结果 RFO组平均切口少、术肢疼痛轻、无皮下血肿,术后平均住院日(2．50±1．00)d。静脉剥脱组的术后平均住院日(4．14±0．85)d。结论 RFO闭合大隐静脉具有创伤小、恢复快、腿部少留瘢痕等优点,是一种可部分替代传统大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术的有效方法。     

Endovenous laser treatment for primary varicose veins

Venous insufficiency of the lower extremities is a highly prevalent condition. Successful treatment of superficial venous insufficiency will most often necessitate treatment of the saphenofemoral junction incompetence with correction of saphenous vein reflux. In the majority of patients it concerns a reflux of the greater saphenous vein. The standard procedure consists of ligation and stripping of the greater saphenous vein combined with with additional phlebec-tomies or ligation of insufficient perforant veins if necessary. Although the standard procedure is widely known and accepted, the postoperative morbidity and postoperative limitations of activity are high. In this context minimally invasive percutaneous endovenous techniques were developed to improve the patients comfort and faster resumption of work. Among these, endovenous laser ablation of the greater saphenous vein is a relatively new procedure. Percutaneous introduction of a laser fiber into the incompetent vein and ablation with pulsed laser energy is far less invasive than stripping.     

经皮腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张

EVLT是利用激光能量在静脉腔内造成内皮及血管壁的热损伤致纤维化,从而达到闭锁血管腔的目的。EV-LT治疗下肢静脉曲张具有安全、有效、微创、及并发症少等优点,有着非常广阔的应用前景。     

Peri-procedural thromboprophylaxis in the prevention of DVT in varicose vein interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the role of thromboprophylaxis in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing varicose vein interventions.MethodsPUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for comparative studies of patients undergoing varicose vein interventions and received either thromboprophylaxis or no thromboprophylaxis. Data were collected on the number of thrombotic events including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and endothermal heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) as well as bleeding events. The primary outcomes for the meta-analysis were the risk of all thrombotic events, risk of DVT and risk of bleeding. Pooled risk ratios were calculated using random effects modelling.ResultsEight studies (6479 participants) were included. The use of thromboprophylaxis reduces the risk of all thrombotic events (Pooled risk ratio = 0.63, 95% Confidence interval [CI], 0.04–10.43) and the risk of DVT (Pooled risk ratio = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.08–4.60) with no increased risk of bleeding (Pooled risk ratio = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.06–7.21]. Rivaroxaban has similar efficacy in the prevention of DVT compared to Fondaparinux in patients undergoing endovenous ablation of varicose veins (Pooled risk ratio = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.06–7.41). An extended course of thromboprophylaxis reduces the risk of developing DVT compared to a short course (Pooled risk ratio = 1.40, 95% CI, 0.44–4.46). However, the two studies reporting on the duration of thromboprophylaxis did not stratify patients according to their risk of developing venous thromboembolism.ConclusionThe use of thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing varicose vein interventions reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism with no significant increase in the risk of bleeding. However, the included studies were underpowered with high to moderate risk of bias. Therefore, more randomised controlled trials with a large sample size are needed in order to provide high quality evidence for clinical practice.     

腔内激光治疗下肢浅静脉曲张并发症的探讨

目的探讨应用腔内激光治疗下肢浅静脉曲张的并发症和预防措施。方法下肢浅静脉曲张患者207例(共268条肢体),男91例,女116例,按照国际静脉联盟CEAP分级,C2:268条肢体,C3:56条肢体,C4:101条肢体,C5:23条肢体,C6:18条肢体。分别采用单纯激光治疗、大隐静脉高位结扎联合激光治疗和股静脉瓣膜包窄术等不同方式治疗,术后对患者进行随访,分析术后并发症。结果随访175例,随访率84．5％,平均随访(10±5)个月,早期并发症包括皮下淤血、青紫178 (66．42％)条肢体,皮肤灼伤56(20．90％)条肢体;中期并发症为有压痛的条索或硬结235(87．69％)条肢体,血栓性浅静脉炎28(10．45％)条肢体,皮肤麻木、疼痛15(5．60％)条肢体。远期并发症包括大隐静脉主干再通4(1．49％)条肢体,曲张静脉残留或复发13(4．85％)条肢体,活动后肢体肿胀6 (2．24％)条。结论腔内激光治疗下肢浅静脉曲张疗效可靠。皮下淤血、青紫以及有压痛的条索或硬结等并发症,多在术后3个月内缓解,规范化手术和大隐静脉高位结扎,能有效减少术后局部曲张静脉复发和大隐静脉主干再通。     

Endovenous Ablation of Saphenofemoral Insufficiency: Analysis of 100 Patients Using RF Closure Fast Technique

Chronic venous insufficiency is a common problem leading to varicose veins of lower limbs which was traditionally being treated with ligation and stripping. Endovenous ablation is an attractive alternative minimally invasive technique to treat such patients. We analysed the results of 100 consecutive patients treated with Radiofrequency based endovenous ablation using Closure Fast Catheter. Retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive patients with chronic venous insufficiency treated at our institution was done. All patients were classified pre and post procedure based on clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophyslogical classification, Venous clinical severity and Venous disablitity scores alongwith color doppler examination with follow up done at 2 weeks, 3 months and one year for any disease recurrence or residual symptoms. 97 of the 100 patients treated at 3 months and at 1 year showed good reduction of venous clinical severity and Venous disability scores to 0. Doppler showed complete closure of saphenofemoral junction and long saphenous vein at 2 weeks with no recanalisation at one year. No thrombus formation was observed. Minor complications like ecchymosis was seen in 9 patients and thrombophlebitis in 4 patients. Endovenous ablation using radiofrequency with Closure Fast technique showed improved short and long term results in patients with venous insufficiency with 100% closure seen on doppler studies along with lesser complications and no thrombus formation due shortened procedure time and improved catheter design.     

静脉内射频消融术与激光消融术治疗大隐静脉曲张的比较

目的 比较静脉内射频消融术和激光消融术治疗大隐静脉曲张的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2018年4～12月接受静脉内射频和激光消融术治疗的80例大隐静脉曲张患者临床资料,其中射频组39例,激光组41例.比较两种方法的手术并发症发生率、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、静脉临床...     

Out-patient surgery of the varicose veins of the lower limbs: personal experience

We report our experience in the treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs in the day surgery clinic of the 2nd Department of General Surgery of the University of Padova. From October 1990 to October 1996, 1522 cases of lower limb varicose veins were treated in our day-surgery clinic. Super-selective subarachnoid anesthesia was used in 94% of the cases. In all cases in which the incompetence of the saphenous trunk was demonstrated, crossectomy was associated with long or short stripping. There were no intra- or post-operative deaths and only limited morbidity. Post-operative hospitalization was required in four patients (three for headache and one for precordial pain). In conclusion, the out-patient treatment of varicose veins involves the same techniques as in-patient treatment. Therefore, the risks associated with surgery and anesthesia are very limited in a specialized center.     

腔内钬激光治疗下肢静脉曲张

目的探讨腔内钬激光治疗下肢静脉曲张的操作要点、技术优势、临床效果及作用机理。方法对96例下肢静脉曲张患者(99条肢体)采用600μm钬激光光纤,通过介入方法进行腔内钬激光大隐静脉闭合术。患者术前、中、后进行多普勒超声检查。记录手术时间;观察临床效果及并发症。平均随访时间7个月。结果67条(68％)大隐静脉在术中即刻闭合,术后1周内99条大隐静脉全部闭塞。随访期内多普勒超声检查无血管再通现象。无创口感染。2例患者有轻度皮肤灼伤。1例患者隐神经损伤。3例患者有大腿瘀斑。结论腔内钬激光治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床初步结果满意,具有美观、简便、微创的特点。     

腔内激光治疗下肢原发性静脉曲张62例

目的总结原发性下肢静脉曲张患者行腔内激光治疗的经验和效果。方法62例下肢原发性静脉曲张患者均采用二极管激光仪行腔内激光治疗。激光治疗功率为10～12W,激光脉冲持续时间为1s,间隔时间为1s,逐渐退出静脉腔。结果随访时间为2～8个月。全部患者的曲张静脉消失,水肿消退,无坠胀感,无搔痒,无需用吗啡类镇痛药,无严重并发症。结论腔内激光治疗下肢原发性静脉曲张安全,效果满意。     

静脉曲张激光闭合术近期并发症分析

目的探讨静脉曲张激光闭合术术后并发症的原因、预防和处理方法。方法回顾性分析2003年9月至2004年12月间采用激光仪治疗静脉曲张52例(共65条下肢)的临床资料。结果术后发生皮下淤血12例,皮肤灼伤14例,隐神经损伤7例,血栓性静脉炎3例,皮下脂肪液化感染2例。其中,皮下淤血、皮肤灼伤、血栓性静脉炎,经对症治疗大多在2~3周治愈。结论静脉曲张激光闭合术仍然有一些并发症需认真处理。     

Management of varicose veins: a survey of current practice by members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland

INTRODUCTION

In 1999, a survey was published detailing the management of varicose veins by members of the then Vascular Surgical Society (VSS). Since then, newer methods for treating varicose veins have been developed and far more explicit rationing has been introduced in the NHS.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

In order to examine whether there had been a significant change in established practice in the UK, a questionnaire was sent to all Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland (VSGBI) members in the 2004 yearbook by E-mail or post.

RESULTS

Of the 426 questionnaires distributed, a 69% response rate was achieved. Of respondents, 97% treated varicose veins in their NHS practice, whilst 88% did so in private practice. Some 73% used hand-held Doppler assessment in the clinic and 96% used duplex ultrasound assessment selectively. Despite UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines, only 68% said that their primary care trusts funded treatment of symptomatic varicose veins, while 93% did so for complications. In either NHS or private practice, respectively, 83% or 72% of responders offered surgery as preferred treatment for primary varicose veins, while 14% or 20% preferred endovascular treatments (endovascular laser treatment, radiofrequency ablation and foam sclerotherapy). Of responders, 17% did not follow-up patients after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

This survey suggests that there is rationing of access to care for symptomatic varicose veins. Despite publicity for endovenous techniques, surgery remains the preferred treatment for varicose veins in the UK.     

Treatment of primary varicose veins: An assessment of the combination of high saphenous ligation and sclerotherapy

(Received for publication on Feb. 26, 1997; accepted on Nov. 6, 1997)     

Heat conduction from the exceedingly hot fiber tip contributes to the endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins

Lower-extremity venous insufficiency is a common condition, associated with considerable health care costs. Endovenous laser ablation is increasingly used as therapy, but its mechanism of action is insufficiently understood. Here, direct absorption of the laser light, collapsing steam bubbles and direct fiber-wall contact have all been mentioned as contributing mechanisms. Because fiber tips have reported temperatures of 800–1,300°C during endovenous laser ablation, we sought to assess whether heat conduction from the hot tip could cause irreversible thermal injury to the venous wall. We approximated the hot fiber tip as a sphere with diameter equal to the fiber diameter, having a steady state temperature of 800°C or 1,000°C. We computed venous wall temperatures due to heat conduction from this hot sphere, varying the pullback velocity of the fiber and the diameter of the vein. Venous wall temperatures corresponding to irreversible injury resulted for a 3 mm diameter vein and pullback velocities <3 mm/s but not for 5 mm and ≥1 mm/s. The highest wall temperature corresponded to the position on the wall closest to the fiber tip, hence it moves longitudinally in parallel with the moving fiber tip. We concluded that heat conduction from the hot fiber tip is a contributing mechanism in endovenous laser ablation. An erratum to this article can be found at     

腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张术后并发症临床分析

目的 探讨腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张术后并发症的发生原因及其防治.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2009年10月采用激光治疗和联合治疗后发生各类并发症的下肢静脉曲张患者283例(共361条肢体).男性108例,女性175例;年龄17～83岁,平均52岁.左下肢112例,右下肢93例,双下肢78例.结果 随访2～60个月,发生皮下淤血血肿142条肢体,皮肤灼伤47条肢体,局部感染溃疡3条肢体;大隐静脉炎7条肢体,经治疗全部治愈;隐神经损伤91条肢体,经治疗87条肢体麻木消失,4条肢体明显改善;深静脉血栓2条肢体,经治疗1例明显好转,1例减轻.结论 激光治疗静脉曲张微创、安全、有效,但若使用不当,仍可能出现各类并发症,应引起注意并适当告知患者.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the causes and therapies for the complications induced by endovenous laser treatment ( EVLT) in patients with varicose vein of lower limbs. Methods From December 2003 to October 2009, 283 cases (totally 361 lower limbs) treated by the endovenous laser treatment or combined with other treatment were analyzed retrospectively. There were 108 male and 175 female patients, with a mean age of 52 years (ranging from 17 to 83 years). The varicose vein occurred in left limb for 112 cases, right limbs for 93 cases and both limbs for 78 cases. Results The patients were followed up for average 18 months, during which 142 limbs showed skin bruises and/or hematoma, 47 limbs showed skin burns, 7 limbs showed phlebitis; all of these cases were cured. In addition 91 limbs appeared abnormal skin sensation, 87 of them were recovered and 4 improved. Two limbs were found with deep vein thrombosis in this series, after treatment one case was obviously improved and other was alleviated.Conclusions EVLT is a effective therapy for varicose vein of lower limbs. But it may lead to some complications without right manipulations.     

TriVex系统下肢曲张静脉刨吸术的并发症分析

目的 探讨和分析TriVex系统治疗下肢静脉曲张的并发症及其防治.方法 回顾性分析2002年10月至2008年6月采用TriVex系统刨吸术治疗单纯性下肢静脉曲张患者108例(146条腿)的临床资料.术前均经彩色多普勒超声证实深静脉通畅.结果 108例(146条腿)治疗均获成功,平均手术时间为(34±8)min,随访98例,随访率90.4%,随访时间1～24个月,平均15个月.并发症包括:(1)皮下血肿:26条肢体出现血肿,经处理治愈.2条腿出现张力性血泡经刺破后治愈.血肿并发症发牛率为17.8%.(2)皮肤感觉异常、针刺或麻木感:13.0%(19/146).(3)皮下硬结:11.6%(17/146).(4)局部曲张静脉残留或复发:3.4%(5/146).(5)切口相关并发症包括感染、对合不良等:4.8%(7/149).结论 TriVex系统刨吸术是治疗下肢静脉曲张血管的安全有效的方法,避免了传统手术方法切口过多、过长的缺点.     

腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张的疗效评价

目的评价腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张 (ELVT)的近期疗效。方法 2 1例大隐静脉曲张患者 ,共 2 7条肢体 ,采用激光治疗结合大隐静脉高位结扎联合激光治疗及激光治疗同时行曲张团块及交通支切除 ,其中 1例的 1条肢体在大隐静脉高位结扎后将其近端的 2 0cm大隐静脉主干行激光治疗 15min后切除 ,标本送病理检查。结果 2 0例患者术后随访 2～ 6个月 ,彩色超声多普勒检查显示大隐静脉主干均发生血栓性闭塞。所有病例在术后 3～ 4周内均出现沿大隐静脉走行区域的皮肤青肿及皮下瘀斑。行病理学检查的一例大隐静脉壁穿破 ,静脉腔内血栓形成。结论腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张近期 (6个月以内 )疗效明确 ,损伤小 ,术后恢复快。其作用机制可能是激光引起静脉壁的热损伤 ,继发血栓形成 ,造成静脉主干闭塞。