直视下尿道内切开术联合尿道扩张治疗男性尿道狭窄36例疗效分析

目的:探讨直视下尿道冷刀内切开术联合尿道扩张治疗尿道狭窄的疗效。方法:36例尿道狭窄患者,均接受直视下尿道内切开术联合留置尿管治疗,现对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:36例中,32例一次手术成功,4例行二次手术成功。36例患者中34例获随访6～24个月,平均15个月,5例排尿通畅,27例行尿道扩张后排尿通畅,2例术后3～4个月再次因尿道狭窄行开放手术。结论:直视下尿道内冷刀切开术联合尿道扩张治疗尿道狭窄疗效是肯定的,但远期疗效尚待长期观察。     

尿道内切开治疗尿道狭窄疗效观察（附42例报告）

目的：探讨尿道内切开治疗尿道狭窄的效果。方法：对42例尿道狭窄患者采用截石位3、9、12点位放射状尿道内冷刀切开术治疗，其中5例结合电切术治疗。结果：38例一次手术成功，3例需再次腔内手术治疗，1例腔内手术失败。随访3－48个月，41例疗效满意。结论：腔内手术治疗尿道狭窄效果好，创伤小，副作用少，是治疗尿道狭窄的首选方法。     

尿道内切开术治疗24例外伤性尿道狭窄

目的探讨尿道内冷刀切开术治疗外伤性尿道狭窄的效果。方法24例尿道狭窄患者,均采用尿道镜下经尿道内切开术治疗,现对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果24例手术均顺利完成。术后随访6～12个月,14例术后排尿通畅。最大尿流率〉15ml／s,8例术后出现尿流变细行定期尿道扩张,2例再狭窄者行二次尿道内切开手术治愈。结论尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄疗效可靠,具有创伤小、并发症少等优点,而且要求硬件条件低,适应于基层医院开展。尿道扩张可以巩固手术效果和降低狭窄复发率。     

尿道、阴茎

经尿道手术治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁76例;影响尿道下裂手术成功的Logistic回归模型分析（附243例）;男性顽固性下尿路症状的病因探讨;冷刀12点位尿道内切开术治疗前尿道狭窄疗效观察;同种异体脱细胞真皮基质在膀胱阴道瘘和前尿道狭窄手术中的应用;自体阴茎皮瓣和口腔黏膜治疗尿道狭窄的疗效;[编者按]     

经尿道钬激光内切开术治疗尿道狭窄（附32例报告）

目的探讨经尿道钬激光内切开术治疗尿道狭窄的可行性和安全性。方法分析2002年5月至2008年3月32例尿道狭窄和闭锁患者行经尿道钬激光内切开术治疗的临床资料。结果31例患者一次性腔内钬激光内切开治疗成功，1例因狭窄段长达3cm，钬激光内切开失败而改开放手术。无大出血、尿瘘、尿失禁等并发症发生。术后随访3～12个月，均排尿通畅。结论经尿道钬激光内切开术是治疗尿道狭窄的一种简单安全有效的手术方法，创伤小，并发症少，疗效确切。     

尿道内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄或闭锁55例

目的探讨尿道内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄或闭锁的疗效。方法回顾分析1997年1月～2003年1月我科采用尿道内切开术治疗55例男性尿道狭窄或闭锁的效果。结果手术一次成功率90．9％(50／55)，2次治疗成功5例。47例随访6～12个月，平均10个月，10例拔尿管后1周内行1次尿道扩张术，2l例术后3个月内行3～5次尿道扩张术，16例术后3个月后行尿道扩张术。结论尿道内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄或闭锁疗效确切。     

直视下经尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄

目的：探讨直视下经尿道内次切开术治疗尿道狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法：总结直视下经尿道内切开术治疗68例尿道狭窄和闭锁患者的疗效和经验，63例1次手术成功；3例行2次、2例行3次成功。结果：68例中，57例术后随访3～71个月，平均28．3个月，43例(75％)均排尿通畅；2例暂时性尿失禁者分别于术后3～6月内恢复。结论：直视下经尿道内切开术创伤小，并发症少，疗效确切，是尿道狭窄和闭锁的首选治疗方法。     

小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄

目的探讨小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄的安全性及临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年8月至2017年4月我院42例行经尿道小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗的男性尿道狭窄患者病历资料,患者年龄23～72岁,平均43岁,其中膜部尿道狭窄18例,前列腺部尿道狭窄5例,前尿道狭窄19例;狭窄段长度：0.3～2.5 cm,平均（1.4±0.3）cm,其中2例狭窄段长度2.0～2.5 cm;38例术前行自由尿流率检查,最大尿流率（Qmax）2.5～7.8 ml/s,平均（4.5±1.2）ml/s;术后留置尿管4～6周,拔除尿管后常规行尿道扩张3～4次,每次间隔1周,定期复查尿流率。 结果42例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30～70 min,平均（48±9）min,出血量少,无尿外渗、穿孔、感染等并发症,拔除尿管后排尿通畅。随访6～12个月,39例患者排尿通畅,最大尿流率明显改善,为12.6～22.5 ml/s,平均（16.3±3.7）ml/s,3例术后3个月尿线变细、尿流率下降行尿道扩张3～4次后排尿正常。 结论经尿道小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄安全、创伤小、并发症少,近期疗效满意。     

尿道内钬激光切开术治疗尿道狭窄的疗效观察

目的 探讨尿道内钬激光切开术治疗尿道狭窄的可行性.方法在直视下应用尿道镜对37例尿道狭窄患者施行尿道内钬激光切开术治疗.结果 35例手术成功,2例中转改开放手术.术后无大出血、尿外渗、直肠损伤等并发症发生,平均最大尿流率为(16～23.5)ml/s,术后随访6～12个月无尿道再狭窄发生.结论尿道内钬激光切开术是治疗尿道狭窄安全,有效的方法.     

内切开术治疗尿道狭窄(附35例报告)

目的:探讨采用内切开术治疗尿道狭窄的价值。方法:对33例尿道狭窄患者行经尿道冷刀内切开及瘢痕电切术治疗,对2例尿道闭锁患者行冷刀内切开术。结果:33例内切开一次手术成功,2例尿道闭锁内切开失败,改行开放手术。29例获2～7年随访。27例排尿通畅,2例定期行尿道扩张术。结论:尿道内切开术创伤小、出血少、并发症少、成功率高,是尿道狭窄的首选治疗方法。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄的原因分析

目的 分析并探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)术后尿道狭窄的原因,避免其发生.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年1月至2010年1月收治的23例前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄患者,年龄57~78岁,平均67.8岁;狭窄段尿道长度为1.6~3.5cm(平均2.3cm);最大尿流率为4～14ml/s,平均75ml/s;术后出现狭窄的时间为1个月~17年,平均25个月.其中前尿道狭窄6例,后尿道狭窄15例,膀胱颈口处狭窄2例.对于明确的尿道狭窄患者,针对不同情况分别给予尿道扩张、尿道内冷刀切开、残留前列腺组织切除或瘢痕切除处理.结果 随访3个月~6个月,23例患者中6例前尿道狭窄经定期尿道扩张后症状消失,疗效满意.后尿道狭窄的15例患者,2例采用定期尿道扩张的方法治愈,3例行残留腺体切除后症状逐渐缓解,另外1例因后尿道瘢痕较多,于尿道内行冷刀切开后复发,其余后尿道狭窄患者疗效满意.膀胱颈口处狭窄的2例患者,行膀胱颈口冷刀切开及瘢痕切除后治愈.术后23例患者最大尿流率19~29 ml/s,平均24.4 ml/s.结论 尿道狭窄是TULIP术后常见的并发症,其发生与尿路感染、操作损伤、术后留置尿管过粗、置管时间过长、腺体残留等因素密切相关.     

Colour Doppler ultrasonographic location of the bulbourethral artery, and its impact on surgical outcome

OBJECTIVE: To assess the location of bulbourethral arteries in men with a 'normal' urethra and to study anatomical alterations in men with urethral stricture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A linear-array transducer was used on the ventral surface of the penis to study the urethra. Fifteen men with a normal urethra and 15 with a stricture of the bulbar urethra were assessed. After conventional grey-scale imaging to evaluate the extent of disease, the urethral artery in the bulbar urethra was located by colour Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: The site of the urethral arteries in 'normal' men varied among individuals; they were at the 10-2 o'clock position in six men, 8-10 o'clock and 2-4 o'clock in six, and at the 4-8 o'clock position in three. In normal men the symmetry of arteries was maintained and the mean distance from the lumen was 2.67 mm. In men with urethral stricture, there was a loss of symmetry in all cases. In a dense stricture the urethral arteries could not be detected on either side in three of cases, while only a single artery was seen in three. In two men, both the arteries were on one side. The mean distance of the urethral artery from the lumen of urethra was 1.88 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to the popular belief that the urethral arteries are located at the 3 and 9 o'clock position, we found that there was no predictable pattern for their anatomy. These observations might have implications for treating urethral stricture disease with visual internal urethrotomy, as they could help to avoid injury to the bulbourethral artery.     

钬激光尿道内切开治疗后尿道狭窄和闭锁疗效观察(附32例报告)

目的：探讨钬激光尿道内切开治疗后尿道狭窄和闭锁的疗效。方法：对32例后尿道狭窄和闭锁患者采用膀胱截石位，于3、9、12点处作放射状钬激光(1．5J，10Hz)内切开治疗，并修整尿道内面，使管腔光滑。遇尿道闭锁时，先采用会师术。结果：一次手术成功率100％，无尿失禁。27例患者获得随访，1年满意者23例(85．1％)，2年满意者18例(66.6％)。结论：采用钬激光尿道内切开治疗后尿道狭窄和闭锁是一种有效手段。     

输尿管镜辅助下双极等离子体电切治疗尿道狭窄的疗效观察

目的评价输尿管镜辅助下双极等离子体电切治疗尿道狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法 2004年1月至2008年12月,运用27 F GYRUS双极等离子体电切镜在8~9.8 F WOLF输尿管镜辅助下治疗41例男性尿道狭窄患者,年龄18～69岁,平均28岁。其中外伤性尿道狭窄27例,炎症性狭窄3例,前列腺术后狭窄8例,成人尿道下裂术后狭窄3例。所有患者经尿道造影及尿流率检查。狭窄段长度0.3～3.0 cm,平均1.23 cm。其中狭窄段内径>3 F者28例(A组);狭窄段内径<3 F,且部分病例为尿道闭锁、假道者13例(B组)。术后随访12～18个月。结果全组手术成功率78%(32/41),其中A组28例中23例(前尿道11例,后尿道10例,球膜连接部2例)手术1次成功,成功率82.1%(23/28);出现并发症5例(再狭窄3例,并发尿道穿孔、尿外渗各1例),并发症发生率17.9%(5/28);尿道穿孔、尿外渗2例患者经留置导尿管后自行愈合,3例再狭窄患者行开放性手术。B组13例中成功9例(前尿道3例,后尿道5例,球膜部1例),成功率69.2%(9/13);失败4例(1例因狭窄超过3.0 cm术后再发狭窄,1例合并假道,2例因尿道连续性完全破坏),并发症发生率30.8%(4/13),失败原因均为术中无法标记真道。B组4例内镜失败患者同样行开放性手术治疗。结论双极等离子体电切可以有效去除尿道瘢痕组织,在输尿管镜辅助下提高了治愈成功率,适宜于可以标引真道、且狭窄段长度不超过2.0 cm者,效果较好,为内镜治疗尿道狭窄的选项之一。     

Intraurethral brachytherapy for prevention of recurrent urethral stricture after internal urethrotomy or transurethral resection of scar.

BACKGROUND PURPOSE: Restricture after internal urethrotomy is the major limitation to the long-term success of the procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intraurethral brachytherapy after internal urethrotomy or transurethral scar resection on recurrent urethral stricture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to June 1999, catheter-based intraurethral brachytherapy with 192-iridium was performed in 17 patients with recurrent urethral stricture to prevent restricture after internal urethrotomy or transurethral resection of scar. The radiation was repeated within 3 days after surgery to reach a total dosage of 1000 to 1500 cGy. RESULTS: During the follow-up (range 14-27 months; mean 20 months), two patients had dysuria, including one patient with an atonic detrusor muscle. The other patient needed self-dilation. Fifteen patients presented normal voiding. The stricture recurred 3 months later in only one patient, so the restricture rate is 7%. No significant complication was observed associated with brachytherapy during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Intraurethral brachytherapy after internal urethrotomy or transurethral resection of scar is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent urethral strictures.     

尿道背侧颊黏膜镶嵌补片法治疗长段前尿道狭窄

目的 评价颊黏膜尿道背侧镶嵌技术尿道修复重建手术的有效性和安全性.方法 男性前尿道狭窄患者57例.平均年龄36(17～52)岁.尿道狭窄长度平均3.0(2.5～7.0)cm.颊黏膜取材长度平均4.0(3.5～8.0)cm,平均宽度2.3(I.8～2.5)am.57例均有经尿道内窥镜冷切电切手术史,其中1次手术史29例(51%),2次20例(35%),3次8例(14%),行耻骨上膀胱造瘘48例,9例采用尿道扩张维持.手术游离并旋转尿道,并于尿道背侧纵行切开,6-0可吸收线缝合颊黏膜与尿道切缘.保留尿管4周,拔管时行顺行尿道造影.患者排尿困难和尿线变细、尿道造影或尿道镜发现尿道管腔狭窄<16 F确定为尿道狭窄复发.结果 57例手术均成功,平均手术时间135(105150)min.平均随访11.2(1～23)个月.尿道通畅54例(95%),术后2～3个月复发3例(5%),狭窄部位均为远端的颊黏膜与尿道结合部,行尿道内窥镜冷刀切开,定期尿道扩张治疗.伤口感染3例,未发生尿瘘及尿道憩室.患者口腔疼痛持续2～5 d,平均2.3 d.术后无张VI困难、颊部麻木及腮腺导管梗阻等并发症发生,VI腔颊部均未见瘢痕形成.结论 VI腔颊黏膜尿道背侧镶嵌补片修复重建尿道,效果确切、并发症少、狭窄复发率低,是理想的长段前尿道狭窄的修复重建手段.     

Location of urethral arteries by colour Doppler ultrasound

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. SETTING: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, UK. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old male with complete paraplegia at T-4 underwent visual internal urethrotomy of bulbous urethral stricture with a cold knife at 12 o'clock position. There was brisk arterial bleeding. Despite receiving antibiotics, this patient developed hypotension, tachycardia and tachypnoea. He was resuscitated and mechanical ventilation was instituted. After he recovered from this life-threatening episode of urinary tract-related sepsis, colour Doppler ultrasound imaging of bulbous urethra was performed to locate urethral arteries. In the bulbous urethra, single urethral artery was seen at 12 o'clock position. CONCLUSION: Since the sites of urethral arteries vary among patients, it is advisable to assess individually the location of urethral arteries preoperatively and plan the site of incision accordingly. Persons with injury to cervical or upper dorsal spinal cord have decreased cardiac and respiratory reserve as well as alteration in immune function. Therefore, all possible measures should be taken to prevent acute blood loss and bacteraemia in this group of patients.     

Dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty by a ventral sagittal urethrotomy and minimal-access perineal approach for anterior urethral stricture

OBJECTIVE: To present the technique of dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty through a ventral sagittal urethrotomy and minimal access perineal approach for anterior urethral stricture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 2001 to December 2002, 12 patients with a long anterior urethral stricture had the anterior urethra reconstructed, using a one-stage urethroplasty with a dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft through a ventral sagittal urethrotomy. The urethra was approached via a small perineal incision irrespective of the site and length of the stricture. The penis was everted through the perineal wound. No urethral dissection was used on laterally or dorsally, so as not to jeopardize the blood supply. RESULTS: The mean (range) length of the stricture was 5 (3-16) cm and the follow-up 12 (10-16) months. The results were good in 11 of the 12 patients. One patient developed a stricture at the proximal anastomotic site and required optical internal urethrotomy. CONCLUSION: Dorsal buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty via a minimal access perineal approach is a simple technique with a good surgical outcome; it does not require urethral dissection and mobilization and hence preserves the blood supply.