精囊生理功能的研究进展

精囊的生理功能影响到生育,现综述近年来精囊功能的常用指标、精囊对精液凝固功能及精液粘稠度的影响、以及精囊调节精子的运动和抗氧化功能及免疫效应方面的研究进展。     

精囊在男性生殖和性功能中的作用

精囊在男性生殖活动中发挥重要作用，精囊分泌果糖，是精子体外运动的主要能量来源；精囊还分泌多种生命活性物质，参与精液凝固，与精液的粘稠度有关，而且对于精子活力，精子染色质的稳定，精液的抗氧化作用以及精子在女性生殖道的免疫豁免都具有重要意义；此外，最新的研究成果表明精囊的饱胀程度还与男性性功能关系密切。精囊功能的异常可能造成性功能障碍、男性不育症等严重影响男性生殖健康的疾病。     

精囊在男性生殖和性功能中的作用

精囊在男性生殖活动中发挥重要作用,精囊分泌果糖,是精子体外运动的主要能量来源;精囊还分泌多种生命活性物质,参与精液凝固,与精液的粘稠度有关,而且对于精子活力,精子染色质的稳定,精液的抗氧化作用以及精子在女性生殖道的免疫豁免都具有重要意义;此外,最新的研究成果表明精囊的饱胀程度还与男性性功能关系密切。精囊功能的异常可能造成性功能障碍、男性不育症等严重影响男性生殖健康的疾病。     

The Effect of Cyproterone Acetate on Myo-Inositol Uptake and Secretion in the Reproductive Tract of the Male Rat

A procedure is described for evaluating the uptake of myo -inositol by measuring the radioactivity (dpm/mg wet weight of tissue) in the male reproductive accessory glands after injection of (2-³H) myo -inositol into bilaterally nephrectomized rats. The rate of secretion of the labelled inositol was assessed by measuring the total dpm in fluids expressed from the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands after injection of the tritiated inositol.
Cyproterone acetate treatment (15 mg/day), for 2 to 7 days, inhibited secretion of radioactive inositol by the seminal vesicles and decreased the uptake capacity to a greater extent than it inhibited the rate of inositol accumulation into these glands. It had a similar effect on the coagulating glands after 7 days of treatment. The prostate was the least affected by the cyproterone acetate treatment.     

Fertility, fecundity, sex ratio and the accessory sex glands in male golden hamsters

The ventral prostates, dorsolateral prostates, coagulating glands (anterior prostates), ampullary glands and/or seminal vesicles of male golden hamsters were excised bilaterally. The effects of these treatments on fertility, fecundity and sex ratio of offspring were studied. Total removal of the glands or ablation of the ventral prostates alone reduced fertility. The lack of secretions from the coagulating glands and seminal vesicles in the seminal fluid all favoured a higher proportion of male pups born in a litter. Absence of all or any of these glands did not appear to affect litter size.     

肾精亏虚对雄性小鼠及其雄性仔鼠生育力的影响

目的:观察肾精亏虚对雄性小鼠及其雄性仔鼠生育力的影响。方法:将30只6周龄雄性昆明小鼠随机均分为正常对照组、模型组和补肾组3组。模型组和补肾组采用房劳加惊恐的复合伤肾法制造肾精亏虚模型。补肾组每天给予0.16ml/10g体重的补肾填精方浓缩液灌胃。正常对照组及模型组予等量生理盐水灌胃,造模并给药21d。从造模结束次日起,所有小鼠与正常动情期雌鼠配对饲养5d后检测其精子密度及活动率。取出雌鼠待其分娩,分别计算各组配对雌鼠妊娠率和每胎生产数(仔鼠总数/妊娠并分娩的雌鼠只数)以评估父代小鼠生育力。雄性仔鼠饲养至6周龄时每组随机取出10只检测其精子密度及活动率。结果:模型组每胎生产数[(7.00±1.73)只]明显比正常对照组[(9.43±1.27)只]和补肾组[(8.80±1.10)只]低(P<0.05);模型组小鼠精子密度[(9.70±1.45)×106/ml]及活动率[(66.72±10.12)%]均明显低于正常对照组[(14.08±1.15)×106/ml,(81.75±3.56)%]和补肾组[(12.20±1.55)×106/ml,(78.55±4.38)%],P<0.01,而正常对照组与补肾组之间则没有差异(P>0.05);模型组仔鼠精子密度[(10.1±1.79)×106/ml]及活动率[(71.86±7.48)%]均低于正常对照组[(15.30±1.83)×106/ml,(79.86±5.68)%]和补肾组仔鼠[(14.20±2.21)×106/ml,(81.92±2.51)%],P<0.05,正常对照组与补肾组仔鼠之间没有差异(P>0.05)。结论:"惊恐、房劳"可以明显降低小鼠生育力,其仔鼠生育力亦可受累。补肾法可以阻断这种损伤的发生。     

Fertility of the Streptozotocin-Diabetic Male Rat

Die Fertilität der Streptozotoxin-Diabetes männlichen Ratte
Bei juvenilen (30 Tage alt) und erwachsenen (über 120 Tage alt) männlichen Ratten wurde mit Streptozotoxin ein Diabetes induziert. Dieser Diabetes verursachte eine Reduzierung der Fertilitätsrate in 82% bei den juvenilen und in 57% bei den erwachsenen Tieren. Der Rückgang der Fertilitätsrate war begleitet von einem Abfall des Blut-Tes-tosterons und einer Atrophie der ventralen Prostata, der Koagulationsdrüsen und der Samenblasen.
Histologisch ergab sich ein rückläufiges Bild der unterdrückten Organfunktion ein-schließlich einer Reduktion der Hohe des Epithels; die meisten Lumina waren leer von Sekretion. In den Koagulationsdrüsen war die Fruktosesynthese gehemmt. Das Gewicht der Hoden und der Hypophyse war dagegen unverändert. Die Tubulis seminiferi zeigten einen reduzierten Durchmesser und eine Ablösung der Spermatogesezellen in das Lumen. Das zirkulierende LH war in 59% und Testosteron in 75% der diabetischen Tiere reduziert. Die Anzahl der Leydig'schen Zwischenzellen war in 49% bei den diabetischen Ratten reduziert. Die Testosteronproduktionsrate in vitro war bei diesen Ley-dig-Zellen in 86% reduziert. Radioimmunassay von LH in der Hypophyse und LH-RH-Gehalt des Hypothalamus zeigten keine Unterschiede zwischen diabetischen Tieren und den Kontrollen. Die Hypophyse der Diabetes-Tiere war sensibel für eine LH-RH-Stimulierung ebenso wie bei den normalen Kontrollen. Dementsprechend kann die Reduzierung des Blut-LH auf die niedrigen LH-RH-Werte zurückgeführt werden, wie sie vom Hypothalamus sezerniert werden, wobei diese ausreicht für eine bleibende LH-Synthese in der Hypophyse, jedoch nicht für eine Stimulierung ihrer Sekretion. Die Depression der Hodenfunktion bei den diabetischen Ratten zeigte sich sekundär in einem partiellen Block der Sezernierung von LH-RH und von LH.     

Fine Structure and Protein Biosynthesis of the Rat Seminal Vesicles under Experimental Conditions

The morphology and functional activity of rat seminal vesicles from normal animals were compared to those administered 3 weeks the synthetic ergot alkaloid lisuride hydrogenmaleate (LHM) with or without simultaneous prolactin substitution and to those from rats castrated 3 days previously. The secretory cells in seminal vesicle epithelium of LHM-treated animals showed regressive changes, irrespective to simultaneous prolactin treatment. Castration resulted in a sharp drop of serum testosterone and consequently in a significant decrease in protein biosynthesis of tissue slices. LHM treatment depressed serum prolactin levels, but testosterone levels and protein biosynthesis were in the normal ranges. In LHM-treated, prolactin-substituted animals both the prolactin and testosterone levels were low, but amino acid incorporation of tissue slices was unaltered. The results indicate that the expected changes of prolactin depression on seminal vesicle functions are obscured by the toxic effects of LHM. LHM treatment is therefore inappropriate for the study of prolactin depletion on the functions of the rat seminal vesicle.     

Effects of FSH and LH Administration on the Testes and Seminal Vesicles

Aufgrund histologischer Untersuchungen stellte sich heraus, daß der Gewichtszuwachs der Hoden von präpubertären Ratten nach FSH-Gabe eine Folge der Längenzunahme der Tubuli seminiferi ist. Die Gabe von LH bewirkte eine Gewichtszunahme der akzessorischen Geschlechtsdrüsen (Bläschendrüsen), jedoch keine sichtbaren Effekte am Hoden. Der Serumandrogen-Spiegel zeigte, als Folge der erhöhten LH-Zufuhr, einen fortgesetzten Konzentrationsabfall trotz des signifikanten Anstieges des Gewichtes der Bläschendrüsen.     

Peptidergic innervation within the prostate gland and seminal vesicle

Summary An immunohistochemical study in which antisera against several neuropeptides were used demonstrated the presence of neuropeptide Y(NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in nerve fibers in the human prostate gland and seminal vesicle, whereas no immunostaining for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide was observed. The peptidergic innervation was found to be generally moderate to low. NPY-and VIP-immunoreactive fibers were localized in the subepithelial connective tissue as well as the smooth muscle layers in both organs, although the peptidergic fiber networks were more prominent in the seminal vesicle. Most NPY-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the musculature of the seminal vesicle.In addition, NPY-and VIP-immunoreactive fibers were demonstrated in the walls of blood vessels. The results of our study suggest that the innervation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicle by various neuroactive peptides may be involved in the autonomic regulation of these organs in adult man, as well as sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers.The work reported in this paper was supported by the Walter-Schulz-Stiftung and the Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung     

Contractile Behaviour of Rat Seminal Vesicle after Gonadectomy, Testosterone Replacement and Cyproterone Treatment

The effects of bilateral gonadectomy, testosterone replacement and cyproterone acetate treatment on seminal vesicle contractions were studied in rats in order to contribute new data on the role of androgens in the spontaneous motility of the seminal vesicle. In gonadectomized-testosterone treated rats the glands exhibited a spontaneous rhythmic activity similar to that of entire animals. The seminal vesicles of gonadectomized as well as of cyproterone treated rats also contracted spontaneously but the contractions showed a smaller amplitude. Such decrease could be related with the well-known atrophy and reduction in the number of smooth muscle cells occurring in seminal vesicles after castration. The results reported in this paper suggest that androgens are not required for the normal spontaneous activity of seminal vesicles.     

Ultrastructural study of the coagulating gland of Wistar rats submitted to experimental chronic alcohol ingestion

Morphological changes of coagulating gland of Wistar rats submitted to the experimental chronic alcoholism were noted. Ultrastructurally, it was observed reduction of the granular endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and nuclei with basal position and irregular shape. The epithelial cells presented pycnotic nuclei and the mitochondrial cristae disappeared, characteristic of cellular degeneration. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Human Seminal Plasma Cadmium: Comparison with Fertility and Smoking Habits/Cadmium in menschlichem Seminalplasma: Vergleich zwischen Fertilität und Rauchgewohnheiten

Cadmium, selenium and zinc were determined in seminal plasma and serum of 64 men by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The mean (+/- SD) cadmium concentrations in seminal plasma and serum were 0.22 +/- 0.22 micrograms and 0.28 +/- 0.10 micrograms, respectively, but they did not correlate with each other. Smokers (n = 31) had significantly (p less than 0.01) higher serum cadmium concentrations than non-smokers (n = 31). Also seminal plasma cadmium in smokers was elevated, but a significant difference to non-smokers was only found if more than 20 cigarettes were consumed daily. No differences were found in semen quality and fertility between smokers and non-smokers. The seminal plasma cadmium had no correlation to selenium or zinc which, however, displayed a positive correlation (r = 0.852, p less than 0.001) to each other. It is concluded that smoking increases the exposure to cadmium. Although no obvious reproductive suppression was observed, heavy smoking may possibly enhance toxic effects in men under other detrimental exposures.     

Evidence for Androgen-Dependent Phosphodiesterase Activity in Rat Seminal Vesicle and Epididymis

This paper deals with findings implying the existence of an androgen-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in accessory sexual glands (seminal vesicle and epididymis) of the rat. It is suggested that the PDE activity is not a prerequisite for, but merely a modulator of the overall androgenic response.     

Metabolism of ATP During Anoxia in Guinea Pig Seminal Vesicle Mucosa

Der Stoffwechsel von ATP während einer Anoxie in der Mukosa der Meerschweinchen-Samenblase
In den Samenblasen von Meerschweinchen wurde der Gehalt an Adenin-Nukleotiden enzymatisch bestimmt. Aus anderem Gewebe-Nukleotiden wurde Inosin-Mono-phosphat mittels der zweidimensionalen Dunnschicht-Chromatographie auf PEI-Platten isoliert, eluiert und spektrophotometrisch quantifiziert. Die intrazelluläre Konzentration von IMP überstieg 10 mal die Kontrollwerte (aerobes Gewebe) gleichzeitig mit einer starken ATP-Erschöpfung als Folge der Anoxie. Dieser Befund kontrastiert deutlich mit anderen Geweben, bei denen eine ATP-Erschöpfung im allgemeinen mit einem Anstieg von AMP einhergeht. Anorganischer Gewebsphosphor akkumulierte in einem Umfange, der der offenbaren ATP-Erschöpfung entsprach. Harnsäure akkumulierte nicht. Die vorgelegten Ergebnisse deuten nach Ansicht der Autoren an, daß die Möglichkeit einer speziellen Rolle für IMP in der Stoffwechselkontrolle dieses Gewe-bes besteht.     

精囊原发性Burkitt淋巴瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的:报告精囊原发性Burkitt淋巴瘤(BL)的临床病理特征。方法:对1例精囊原发性BL的临床特征、组织学、免疫组织化学和原位分子杂交进行观察,并结合文献探讨其病理形态及鉴别诊断。结果:本例临床表现以尿频和排尿困难为特征,发病2个月后出现腹股沟淋巴结肿大。影像学显示病灶精囊呈低密度阴影,组织学呈弥漫单一性中等大小肿瘤细胞浸润性生长伴肿瘤性坏死,核分裂易见并有"星空"图象。免疫标记肿瘤细胞表达CD10、CD20、CD79α和Bcl-6,而CD3、CD5、CD23、MPO、Bcl-2、CyclinD1和TdT缺乏表达,肿瘤细胞Ki-67增殖指数>95%,原位杂交检测肿瘤细胞EBER阳性。结论:精囊原发性BL是一种非常罕见的高度恶性的肿瘤,病程进展快,诊断时应除外精囊外BL累及,确诊依赖病理组织学和实验室检查,并需要与精囊或前列腺发生的弥漫性大B细胞性淋巴瘤、淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤和小细胞癌鉴别。     

慢性前列腺炎对生育能力影响的研究概况

慢性前列腺炎(chron ic prostatitis,CP)在男性不育症中比较常见,有临床症状的少见,且症状轻微。CP可以通过多种途径影响男性的生育能力,但对精液质量的影响存在广泛争议,近年来的研究大多认为对男性生育能力影响不大。治疗方面提出首先要调整医生和患者对疾病的认识,强调药物治疗的独特性和抗氧化、抗炎症、手术等综合治疗措施,辅助生殖技术可作为治疗无效者的选择。