选择性脾动脉栓塞的临床意义

目的：研究和分析对脾动脉不同部位的栓塞治疗不同疾病的临床效果和方法,方法：选择23例患者,肝硬化合并肝癌6例,单纯肝硬化门脉高压食道胃底静脉破裂出血13例,脾功能亢进4例,男19例,女4例,对19例患者采取脾动脉主干栓塞,而后4例患者作部分性脾实质栓塞（即对部分脾段动脉进行栓塞）。结果：13例肝硬化门脉高压食道-胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的患者于脾动脉主干栓塞后,出血立即停止,除1例栓塞1月后再次出血,1例历肾功能衰竭于栓塞术后48h死亡外,其余11例一年内未再次出血;6例肝癌行脾动脉主干栓塞后进行了肝癌的灌注栓塞（TACE）治疗,未发生术后上消化道出血;4例脾亢患者行脾段动脉栓塞后,第3天白细胞及血小板有明显升高,除左上腹疼痛及发热较明显外,无其他并发症,所有栓塞治疗比较安全,结论：通过动脉超选择性插管栓塞术,可以治疗脾亢及门脉高压引起的上消化道大出血,且保留了脾脏功能,所有治疗方法操作简单、安全有效,值得推广运用。     

三丙烯微球在部分性脾栓塞治疗继发性脾功能亢进中的临床应用

目的 评价三丙烯微球在部分性脾动脉栓塞(PSE)治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进(脾亢)中的临床疗效.方法 30例肝硬化合并脾肿大、脾亢患者行PSE,16例使用明胶海绵,14例使用三丙烯微球.栓塞面积一般在40% ～ 80%.术后随访观察患者外周血白细胞、血小板计数变化及不良反应.结果 6个月后28例患者血白细胞、血小板恢复正常,...     

部分脾栓塞术的临床应用

目的：探讨部分脾栓塞术（PSE）的临床应用。方法：采用PSE治疗肝癌伴脾亢（HCC－HS）86例,其它继发性脾亢（SHS）26例,原发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）5例,其中20例行2次以上PSE。结果：平均栓范围HCC－HS组为36％,SHS组为60％,ITP组为74％,临床有效率分别为84．8％、88．5％、100％。HCC－HS组因单次栓塞范围较小,约20．9％（18／86）病人需行再次栓塞。全部病例均未发生严重并发症。结论PSE是安全有效,可作为外科脾切除的替代疗法,HCC－HS组为了减轻术后并发症PSE可分次进行。     

脾动脉部分栓塞在肝癌介入治疗中临床应用研究

目的：研究脾动脉部分栓塞在肝癌介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法：对62例肝癌病人在肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞过程中进行脾动脉部分栓塞治疗，观察病人血液中自细胞、血小板计数及肝功能的变化，判断疗效。结果：治疗后所有病人白细胞、血小板计数升高，恢复正常的时间为术后2—4周，49例肝功能改善，原有牙龈出血和鼻衄等症状大多消失，伴门脉癌栓76％（16／21）术后近期腹水减少或消失，肝功能恢复较快，无严重并发症。结论：肝癌介入化疗栓塞同时行脾动脉部分栓塞可以有效改善肝功能，缓解脾功能亢进，促进血液中自细胞、血小板升高，减轻门脉压力增高，提高免疫力，对肝癌预后有积极作用。     

经脾动脉行明胶海绵与碘化油栓塞治疗脾功能亢进的对照研究

目的探讨经脾动脉行明胶海绵和碘化油栓塞治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进(脾亢)的疗效与并发症,为临床治疗肝硬化脾亢栓塞剂的选择提供依据。方法回顾性分析40例肝硬化脾功能亢进患者行经脾动脉明胶海绵栓塞和39例行经脾动脉碘化油栓塞治疗的临床资料,观察两组患者外周血三系细胞改善和并发症以及复发情况。结果两组患者的脾脏体积回缩、血红蛋白、白细胞和血小板计数差异无显著性(P>0.05),但碘化油栓塞组患者6个月后有部分病例出现血小板再次减少,明胶海绵栓塞组术后并发症发生率高于碘化油栓塞组(P<0.05),碘化油栓塞组肝、胃肠道毒性分级均较明胶海绵栓塞组低。结论对高龄、肝功能差、腹水较多、凝血功能严重障碍、肝硬化门脉高压明显的患者可行经脾动脉碘化油栓塞治疗脾亢。     

部分性脾栓塞在肝硬化及肝癌介入治疗中应用的体会

自1995年以来，采用部分性脾栓塞（PSE），治疗肝硬化及采用肝动脉化疗栓塞术（THAE）和（PSE）治疗合并肝硬化、门脉高压和牌功亢进的肝癌，取得了良好效果。就其方法、疗效及价值报告如下：1材料和方法1．1一般资料患者10例。7例为临床诊断原发性肝癌在接受介入治疗，3例为肝硬化合并门脉高压，脾功能亢进。男吕例，女2例，年龄35～68岁。10例均有脾大、门脉高压。脾功亢进9例。外周血白细胞计数（1．8～4．6）×10’几血小板（46～72）×10’／L，食道静脉曲张百例，有呕血史2例，腹水4例。1．2方法对肝癌，于肝血管造影后，将导管…     

部分性脾栓塞术不同栓塞方法的对比研究

目的探寻脾亢患者部分性脾栓塞(PSE)术较为合适的栓塞方法。方法78例脾亢患者中32例为脾动脉主干内PSE术(主干组),46例为脾动脉分干内PSE术(分干组)。所有患者术后观察并发症情况,第15d、30d、60d、90d分别复查白细胞和血小板计数,并与术前比较,以此评价PSE术的疗效。然后对主干组和分干组结果进行对比分析。结果78例患者术后均无严重并发症,脾外栓塞及呼吸系统并发症分干组较主干组轻而少。术后白细胞和血小板计数,第15天时主干组和分干组比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);第30天时二者比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);第60天、90天时二者比较差异则均有非常显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论对于脾亢患者,脾动脉分支若呈二干型或三干型,则应尽量行分干内PSE术;分支若呈无干型或主干明显扭曲而插管困难时,则宜行主干内PSE术。     

褐藻胶微球在部分性脾栓塞术中的应用评价

目的评价褐藻胶微球(AMG)作为栓塞材料在部分性脾栓塞术(PSE)治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进(脾功能亢进)中的疗效及并发症。方法2003—2005年42例肝硬化脾功能亢进行PSE患者,栓塞材料为250~450μmAMG。超选择性脾下极动脉部分性脾栓塞。结果共进行脾栓塞42次,栓塞范围40%~70%。栓塞后有35例出现发热,持续3~15d,38例出现腹痛,其中27例需用强效止痛药。少量胸腔积液6例,保守治疗后消失。未出现脾脓肿等严重并发症。术后24h白细胞和血小板计数开始升高(P<0.05),术后3个月白细胞维持在正常值为38例,血小板维持在正常值为39例。结论AMG可作为PSE术的栓塞材料治疗脾功能亢进,减轻术后反应。     

部分性脾栓塞的若干问题探讨及展望

脾功能亢进（脾亢）可有多种原因引起,导致一种或多种血细胞减少,产生严重后果,以往的外科脾切除术常伴有机体免疫功能下降,易并发感染及出血。据Diamond报道,脾切除术后凶险感染或脓毒血症的发病率为0.58％～0．86％,为正常人群的50～80倍,凶此脾切除术不再被认为无关紧要。1973年Maddison首先用自身血凝块行部分性脾栓塞（partial splenic embolization,PSE）治疗门静脉高压伴脾亢取得成功以来,随着介入医学的发展,脾动脉栓塞术广泛应用于临床,PSE被认为是脾亢患者治疗的首选方法。PSE的方法按栓子的注入方式不同可分为两种：（1）低压分流法：即将导管端置于脾动脉主干注入栓塞剂,     

部分脾栓塞术的临床应用（附117例分析）

目的：探讨部分脾栓塞术（PSE）的临床应用。方法：采用PSE治疗肝癌伴脾亢（HCC-HS）86例，其它继发性脾亢（SHS）26例，原发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）5例，其中20例行2次以上PSE。结果：平均栓塞范围HCC-HS组为36%，SHS组为60%，ITP组为74%，临床有效率分别为84.8%、88.5%、100%。HCC-HS组因单次栓塞范围较小，约20.9%（18/86）病人需行再次栓塞。全部病例增末发生严重并发症。结论：PSE是安全有效的，可作为外科脾切除的替代疗法。HCC-HS组为了减轻术后并发症PSE可分次进行。     

Partial splenic embolization using polyvinyl alcohol particles for hypersplenism in cirrhosis: a prospective randomized study

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of partial splenic embolization (PSE) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles for hypersplenism in cirrhosis, as compared to PSE using gelfoam particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PSE was performed in 60 consecutive patients with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis. The patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: gelfoam group, 32 patients received PSE using gelfoam particles as the embolic material; PVA group, 28 patients received PSE using PVA particles. The follow-up contents included peripheral blood cell counts (leukocyte, platelet and red blood cell) and complications associated with PSE. RESULTS: Prior to PSE, there was no significant difference between the two groups in sex, age, Child-Pugh grade, the extent of embolization and peripheral blood cell counts. After PSE, no matter in which group, leukocyte and platelet counts kept significantly higher than pre-PSE during the 3-year follow-up period (P<.0001), but the post-PSE improvement of leukocyte and platelet counts was significantly better in PVA group than in gelfoam group (P<.05). Red blood cell counts showed no remarkable changes after PSE (P>.05). Severe complications occurred in 8 patients (25.0%) in gelfoam group and 6 patients (21.4%) in PVA group (P>.05), but the degree of abdominal pain was higher in the latter than in the former (P<.05). Among 17 patients who received more than 70% embolization of spleen, 10 (58.8%) developed severe complications, while among 43 patients who received 70% or less embolization of spleen, only four (9.3%) had severe complications. This difference was statistically significant (P<.05). CONCLUSION: PVA particles could be used as the embolic material in PSE; in comparison with PSE using gelfoam particles, PSE using PVA particles can achieve even better efficacy in alleviating hypersplenism, but the extent of embolization should be strictly limited to not more than 70% of splenic volume.     

Partial splenic embolization in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of partial splenic embolization (PSE) in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) in reducing variceal bleeding episodes, splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients (2M, 4F, mean age 30.3 years) with IPH presenting with splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and recurrent variceal bleeding were treated with PSE using gelatin sponge (four patients) or Contour particles (two patients) as embolization material. RESULTS: PSE was performed successfully in all cases; 3F coaxial microcatheters were necessary in two patients due to extreme splenic artery tortuosity. The average amount of devascularized parenchyma at CT 1 week after PSE was 71%. Splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia improved in all cases, with a mean platelet count increase of 120,000/mm(3) and an average 68% reduction of spleen volume at follow up. Variceal bleeding did not recur after PSE. Esophageal or gastroesophageal varices disappeared (one patient) or significantly reduced (five patients) at endoscopic controls. No significant complications were noted. The follow up was of at least 18 months in all patients; mean follow up was 28.2 months. CONCLUSION: In patients with IPH PSE can be effective in preventing variceal bleedings, in reducing spleen volume and in significantly increasing platelet count; therapeutic results were durable in our population.     

Partial splenic embolization for hypersplenism concomitant with or after arterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma in 30 patients

Purpose To study the value of partial splenic embolization (PSE) for the treatment of hypersplenism in patients undergoing embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (THAE) combined with PSE was performed in 30 patients with HCC complicating liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hypersplenism. Gelfoam sponge was used as the embolic material for PSE and limited to 100–150 pieces. Results More than 50% of splenic parenchyma was infarcted in 27 patients. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were corrected by PSE in 25 of 27 patients with hypersplenism. In 26 patients with esophageal varices, including 5 patients with bleeding, no rebleeding occurred during a 6–17 month follow-up. Hypersplenism was not corrected in 2 of 3 patients whose infarcted splenic parenchyma was less than 50%. No splenic abscesses or other severe complications were observed. Of the 30 patients treated, 19 are still alive after 1 year. Conclusions THAE combined with PSE is a safe and effective measure for patients with HCC.     

部分脾栓塞术治疗脾机能亢进症（附23例报告）

目的：探讨部分脾栓塞术治疗脾机能亢进症的方法及临床应用价值。方法:对23例脾机能亢进症患者,采用Seldinger穿刺技术,将导管选择或超选择插入脾动脉,注入明胶海绵－抗生素－造影剂混悬物,栓塞部分脾脏供血动脉。结果：23例经部分脾栓塞术治疗后,外周血象3个月内恢复正常或基本正常,脾脏显著缩小,保留了人体免疫功能。结论：部分脾栓塞术避免了手术切脾脏,保存脾脏部分功能,维持人体免疫机制。本法具有手术简便、安全、创伤小、疗效显著等优点,且可重复治疗,是一种可替代外科脾切除术的治疗方法。     

海藻酸钠微球在部分性脾栓塞术中的应用评价

目的 评价海藻酸钠微球（KMG）行部分性脾栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝癌并脾功能亢进（脾亢）的疗效及并发症。资料与方法 58例肝癌并脾亢行PSE患者,依据PSE术所采用的栓塞材料不同分为2组：A组30例,栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒;B组28例,栓塞材料为KMG。随访观察两组外周血自细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT）和红细胞（RBC）计数变化及术后反应。结果 两组患者术后1周、2周、1个月、6个月的WBC和PLT计数均较术前明显升高（P〈0．001）。虽然B组术后WBC和PLT计数较A组升高较多,但两组的疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组术后RBC计数一直无明显变化（P〉0．05）。随着栓塞程度的增加,外周血WBC和PLT计数升高越明显,但是术后反应加重．并发症也随之增加。结论 KMG可作为PSE术的栓塞材料,将栓塞程度控制在50％～60％可有效治疗脾亢,减轻术后反应。     

介入治疗8例肝豆状核变性并发严重门静脉高压的疗效

目的 评价介入治疗肝豆状核变性所致门脉高压的疗效.方法 分析世纪坛医院介入治疗科8例合并严重门静脉高压的肝豆状核变性患者治疗情况,采用经皮穿刺胃冠状静脉栓塞或部分脾动脉栓塞治疗,比较手术前后血象和门脉压力变化.结果 所有病例均未再出现严重门静脉高压的表现,白细胞于术后1周内明显升高,2周后恢复至正常范围;血小板于术后第...     

部分性脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的远期疗效观察

目的　目的评价部分性脾栓塞术 (Partialsplenicembolization ,PSE)治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的远期疗效。方法　对 1998年 5月以前采用PSE治疗的 6 2例肝硬化脾功能亢进患者进行长期随访 ,随访指标主要为外周血白细胞、血小板和红细胞计数。选取术后 1～ 5年资料完整的 38例进行分析 ,其中栓塞程度≥ 6 0 %者 2 3例 ,5 0 %～ 5 9%者 9例 ,<5 0 %者 6例。结果　白细胞和血小板计数分别于术后第 3天和 2周达到峰值 ,然后二者逐渐下降 ,但对不同的栓塞程度其下降趋势差异具有显著性意义 (P =0 .0 0 1)。栓塞程度≥ 6 0 %者 ,术后白细胞和血小板计数均较术前显著升高并一直维持到术后第 5年 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,且第 5年时白细胞计数仍为正常 ,第 4年时血小板计数仍达正常。栓塞程度5 0 %～ 5 9%者 ,术后白细胞和血小板计数也较术前明显升高并可达到术后第 5年和第 4年 (P <0 .0 5 )水平 ,但它们分别在术后第 2年和第 1年就降至正常范围以下。而对于栓塞程度 <5 0 %者 ,术后 1个月白细胞和血小板计数都降至正常范围以下。红细胞计数在术后一直无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。随着栓塞程度的增加 ,术后反应加重 ,并发症也随之增加。结论　栓塞程度控制在 6 0 %～ 70 %可有效治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进 ,分次栓塞可减轻术后反应     

经皮胃冠状静脉栓塞术联合部分脾栓塞术在门静脉高压症治疗中的应用

目的探讨一种联合介入术式在治疗门脉高压症中的地位与作用。方法对30例高危门脉高压患者随机分组,A组15例行经皮胃冠状静脉栓塞术(PTVE)联合部分脾栓塞术(PSE),B组15例行单纯PSE术,术前、术后分别采用多普勒超声检查门静脉侧支循环情况,对两组进行比较。结果两组脾功能亢进均得到缓解,联合术式患者曲张静脉全部得到栓塞,A组术前、术后门脉内径无明显变化,术后血流速度减慢,血流量降低(P<0.05),奇静脉内径变小(P<0.01),血流量下降(P<0.01),血流速度降低(P<0.01);B组门脉管径变小,流速降低,流量下降(P<0.01),但奇静脉管径无明显改变,流速降低,流量下降。两组奇静脉血流量下降幅度有明显差异(P<0.01),两组随访13～16个月,B组出现食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血2例,继发性门脉血栓形成1例,而A组未再出现食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血,但出现门脉高压性胃肠病(PHG)2例(均有胃镜证实)。结论联合术式能有效治疗门脉高压食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血和脾功能亢进,该方法操作相对简单,侵袭性小,尤其适用于肝功能差难以耐受外科分流及断流手术的患者,具有临床推广价值。     

Partial Splenic Artery Embolization in 35 Cancer Patients: Results of a Single Institution Retrospective Study

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of partial splenic embolization (PSE) in cancer patients with different etiologies of splenomegaly/hypersplenism.Materials and MethodsThe medical records of 35 cancer patients who underwent 39 PSE procedures were analyzed. The splenomegaly/hypersplenism was due to chemotherapy (n = 17), portal hypertension (n = 10), or hematologic malignancy (n = 8). After the first 11 PSEs, celiac plexus neurolysis, corticosteroids, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were included in the post-procedural management.ResultsPSE led to 59 ± 16% (mean ± standard deviation) splenic infarcts. The infarct volume per 1 mL 300–500 μm tris-acryl gelatin microspheres was not significantly different between the chemotherapy-induced group (264 ± 89 cm³) and the portal hypertension group (285 ± 139 cm³) but was significantly higher in the hematology group (582 ± 345 cm³). Platelet count increased from 65.7 ± 19.7 k/μl to a peak platelet count of 221 ± 83 k/μl at 2 weeks after PSE. Patients with a follow-up period of more than 1 year had the most recent platelet count of 174 ± 113 k/μl. Platelet count increase was significantly higher in the chemotherapy-induced group than the portal hypertension group. Adding celiac plexus neurolysis, corticosteroids, and NSAIDs to the post-procedural management resulted in a decreased rate of major complications from 73% to 46% and a decrease in the rate of moderate or severe pain from 92% to 20%.ConclusionsPSE improved platelet counts in cancer patients despite different etiologies of splenomegaly. The addition of celiac plexus neurolysis, corticosteroids, and NSAIDS to the post-PSE treatment protocol reduced complications. Data from this study could help to predict the amount of 300–500 μm tris-acryl gelatin microspheres required to achieve a planned infarct size.