康复新液联合内镜下黏膜切除术治疗大肠息肉455例分析

[目的]探讨康复新液联合内镜下黏膜切除术治疗大肠息肉的效果。[方法]收集2011年1月~2015年12月我院使用康复新液联合内镜下黏膜切除术治疗大肠息肉的患者455例,对其疗效进行回顾性分析。[结果]455例大肠息肉患者接受内镜下黏膜切除术,术中及术后配合康复新液治疗,共有2例患者因特殊原因发生出血,其余患者无出血表现,术后随访恢复好。[结论]康复新液联合内镜下黏膜切除术治疗大肠息肉安全有效。     

老年大肠广基息肉内镜黏膜切除术的临床研究

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）对老年广基息肉病变的治疗价值及安全性。方法采用结肠镜下大肠黏膜切除术治疗117例共157枚大肠广基息肉。病灶黏膜下注射肾上腺素生理盐水后,一次圈套整块切除或分次圈套切除病变,回收标本送病理检查,术后结肠镜随访。结果全部息肉通过EMR一次切除,切除息肉大小在1～5cm范围;腺瘤性息肉141枚,增生性息肉13枚;局灶癌变3例（病理证实）。4例出现腹痛,3例少量便血,发烧4例,不需要特殊处理。复查患者未有息肉残留者。腺瘤息肉异型增生程度与息肉大小密切相关（P〈0.05）。结论老年大肠广基息肉通过EMR切除完全,安全;腺瘤息肉的大小与异型增生密切相关,提示腺瘤息肉需要早期干预治疗。     

阑尾腔内息肉内镜下治疗的初步观察

2016年1月—2020年12月间,在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内科行内镜下治疗的阑尾腔内息肉病例共6例,息肉直径0.3~1.3 cm。6例阑尾腔内息肉均顺利完成内镜下治疗,其中3例行内镜黏膜切除术整块切除、1例行内镜黏膜切除术分片切除、1例行内镜黏膜下剥离术切除、1例予活检钳冷钳除。6例术后均未出现出血、穿孔、感染和急性阑尾炎等并发症。3例术后复查创面愈合良好、无复发,其余3例暂未复查结肠镜。以上结果初步证实,阑尾腔内息肉行内镜下治疗安全和有效。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌的安全性及治疗效果。方法对26例早期大肠癌患者进行内镜下黏膜切除术切除病变,观察并发症、术后病理及术后内镜随访情况。结果一次性完整切除病变24例,分2块全部切除2例。术中出血2例(发生率7.7%),予止血夹钳夹止血。术后无出血及穿孔等并发症。术后病理:25例黏膜内癌,1例黏膜下癌,切缘距离病变超过2 mm,无肿瘤组织残留,无血管及淋巴管侵犯。26例病变均完全切除,术后6个月复查结肠镜2例创面见息肉样组织增生,予高频电切除,病理诊断为黏膜组织慢性炎,其余病例创面形成瘢痕,无肿瘤复发。1年后复查结肠镜病变均无复发。此后每年复查结肠镜,原切除部位无肿瘤复发。结论内镜下黏膜切除术治疗早期大肠癌是安全、有效的,在完全切除病变的前提下,可达到根治效果。     

老年人大肠息肉的临床病理及治疗随访

大肠息肉是老年人的一种常见疾病,包括各种不同的组织 学类型,其临床意义特别是恶变潜能差别较大,预后也不相同 。本文报告大肠镜检出的老年人大肠息肉383例,讨论各类息 肉的病理特点及息肉内镜治疗后的随访情况。 一、资料与方法 1.病例来源：1985年至1999年,经大肠镜检查并经活检病理检 查诊断老年人大肠息肉383例。 2.治疗方法：对微小的息肉,大肠镜下活检钳咬除;对较大 的息肉,大部分采用高频电切除;对不能悬于肠腔的长蒂大 息肉采用密接法摘除;部分多发息肉患者分期分批镜下摘除息 肉;对内镜下切除的息肉经病理证实为恶变息…     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗消化道肿瘤

目的 探讨内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)对消化道肿瘤的治疗价值。方法 利用染色、放大内镜及超声内镜探测病变范围及侵犯深度,对位于黏膜层及黏膜肌层的早期癌、癌前病变、黏膜下肿瘤、侧向发育型息肉、无蒂或亚蒂巨大息肉、息肉癌变等病变行EMR治疗。结果 病灶最大直径6cm。2例早期食管癌、1例早期贲门癌、1例早期大肠癌及2例胃中、重度异型增生经EMR及透明帽负压吸引EMR切除,观察3-18个月无复发;31例黏膜下肿瘤经EMR和透明帽负压吸引EMR,均完全切除;对13例侧向发育型息肉及21例亚蒂和无蒂大息肉及局部癌变息肉采用EMR或分片黏膜切除术切除。术中出血5例,出血率7.04％,经内镜治疗停止。1例4.5 cm腺瘤术后3个月复发。结论 在超声内镜、色素内镜及放大内镜的指导下,采用内镜下黏膜切除术治疗部分消化道早期癌、癌前病变、侧向发育型及无蒂或亚蒂臣大息肉、局部癌变息肉及黏膜肌层的肿瘤,足一项安全有效的内镜治疗疗法。     

钛夹联合尼龙绳辅助氩气刀治疗大肠带蒂巨大息肉的临床价值

[目的]探讨钛夹联合尼龙绳辅助氩气刀治疗大肠带蒂巨大息肉的临床价值。[方法]:对52例大肠带蒂巨大息肉应用钛夹联合尼龙绳辅助氩气刀治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察患者术后有无出血、穿孔等并发症,肠镜随访观察患者术后创面愈合及病变残留、复发情况。[结果]52例均经内镜下钛夹联合尼龙绳辅助氩气刀治疗一次性切除息肉,均未出现出血、穿孔等并发症。[结论]内镜下应用钛夹联合尼龙绳辅助氩气刀治疗大肠带蒂巨大息肉安全、有效。     

EMR法治疗消化道难治性息肉32例的疗效观察

目的分析内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）治疗消化道难治性息肉的临床资料。方法选取我院2009年5月至2013年5月32例消化道难治性息肉患者采用EMR进行息肉切除治疗为观察组,选取同期32例难治性息肉患者进行普通的内镜下高频电切除术治疗作为对照组,两组标本送病理检查,观察疗效、近期及远期并发症和内镜随访。结果观察组所有病例均一次性完成切除,切除成功率100％,1例术后出血,经内镜下止血后好转,无穿孔等严重并发症。随访3个月至2年未见息肉复发。对照组27例患者一次性完成切除,切除率84．38％,5例术后出血,经内镜下止血后好转,随访3个月至2年2例息肉患者复发。由此,观察组切除率明显高于对照组,P〈0．05,并发症少于对照组,P〈0．05,差异显著具有统计意义。结论EMR是治疗消化道难治性息肉安全、有效的方法,同时可提供较为完整的病理标本。     

内镜下黏膜切除术与内镜下电刀切除术治疗胃肠道息肉的临床比较

目的 内镜下黏膜切除术与内镜下电刀切除术治疗胃肠道息肉的临床比较.方法 将2018年4月-2019年12月本院收治的100例胃肠道息肉患者进行此次研究,按挂号先后顺序均分为参照组和观察组,各50例.参照组用内镜下电刀切除术治疗,观察组用内镜下粘膜切除术治疗,比较两组的治疗效果和息肉复发情况.结果 治疗后,参照组的治疗效果显著差于观察组;参照组的息肉复发情况显著高于观察组,有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 内镜下黏膜切除术与内镜下电刀切除术治疗胃肠道息肉临床效果都很好,但内镜下粘膜切除术治疗效果更佳,值得推广.     

改良型水辅助结肠镜下结直肠息肉黏膜切除术的临床应用研究

背景内镜黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR)广泛用于结直肠息肉切除,但其黏膜下注射可延展病灶,使之难以被圈套器套入.注水内镜黏膜切除术(underwaterendoscopicmucosalresection,UEMR)需吸气后以水浸没息肉,有时影响息肉暴露.改良型UEMR将EMR与UEMR优点合二为一,有利于息肉整块切除.目的探讨改良型UEMR提高结直肠息肉整块切除率、减少复发率和并发症的可行性及效果.方法选取2015-07/2019-06在我院内镜科行改良型UEMR治疗的59例结直肠息肉及同期行UEMR治疗43例的结直肠息肉患者为研究对象,改良型UEMR治疗的59例研究组共发现76个病灶, UEMR治疗的43例对照组共发现65个病灶.巴黎分型均为(Is、Ⅱ),息肉大小在1cm直径3cm.手术方式:退镜观察发现息肉后向肠腔内注入温生理盐水,完全浸泡息肉,将息肉置于6点钟方向,黏膜下注射美兰抬起病灶,采用合适的圈套器予以电切除,创面视病灶大小给予钛夹夹闭,切除的标本结晶紫染色后送病理.结果59例研究组的患者均成功完成改良型UEMR,76例息肉中64例息肉2cm,均行整块切除;12例息肉2-3cm有5例整片切除,7例行注水分片粘膜切除术(underwaterendoscopicpiecemealmuscosalresection,UEPMR).研究组总整块切除率为91%,2cm整块切除率为100%, 2-3 cm整块切除率为42%. 43例对照组的患者也均成功完成UEMR, 65例息肉中58例息肉2cm,其中49例患者一次性切除,9例出现息肉残留追加氩等离子体血浆凝固术(argon plasma coagulation,APC)治疗;7例息肉大小2-3cm,有2例整片切除,1例出现息肉残留追加APC治疗,另外5例行UEPMR或转内镜黏膜下剥离术切除.对照组整块切除率为76%,2cm整块切除率为84%,2-3cm整块切除率为14%.改良型UEMR研究组有9例患者术中出现少量渗血,UEMR对照组中13例患者术中出现出血,采用热活检钳烧灼或钛夹钳夹止血.两组术后均未发生迟发性出血、穿孔等并发症.随访期间研究组发现2例切除部位息肉复发,均为分片切除术后,对照组UEMR有9例切除部位息肉复发.结论改良型UEMR使用水中注射液体垫不仅可以清晰暴露息肉大小边界,选择合适的圈套器,达到整块切除.同时液体垫垫高息肉,水中间断性吸引可以使圈套器更完整套住息肉的根部,相对于UEMR,改良型UEMR是结直肠息肉安全、有效的治疗方法,完整切除率高、复发率低,应用效果良好,值得临床推广.     

硬化治疗后曲张静脉内镜和超声内镜表现的演变

目的研究食管胃底静脉曲张硬化治疗后曲张静脉变化的规律。方法肝炎后肝硬化、食管胃静脉曲张出血患者行内镜下硬化剂注射治疗后止血并接受连续治疗、完成首期疗程、食管胃静脉曲张消失或减轻至Ⅱ期以下的进入随访,要求随访时间5年。共386例进入随访,随访过程中记录内镜和超声内镜表现,并探讨其演变的规律。结果190例完成了5年随访,失访196例,平均失访时间(3】.7±14.7)月。硬化治疗后食管的曲张静脉管腔闭塞,形成白色纤维条索残留于食管壁。随时间延长,食管内静脉逐渐再现,再现有2种方式:一是在食管壁内逐渐出现一些再生的小静脉(362/386,93.8％),二是原曲张血管再通(24/386,6.2％)。硬化治疗前无胃静脉曲张的病例中有5.3％出现胃静脉曲张。随访中还见到罕见的十二指肠静脉曲张。超声内镜表现进一步证实了静脉管腔闭塞后再生并逐渐扩张的过程。结论硬化治疗静脉曲张消失后静脉会逐渐再现,要保持硬化治疗的长期效果,必须定期复查并有针对性地给予治疗。     

EVS、EVS+EVL续贯EVS和EVL续贯EVS治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效比较

目的:比较内镜下食管静脉曲张硬化治疗(EVS)、EVS EVS加套扎(EVL)续贯EVS和EVL续贯EVS治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效.方法:乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者130例,随机分为EVS治疗组50例,EVS EVL续贯EVS组40例,EVL续贯EVS组40例,比较3组食管静脉曲张的消失率、并发症、硬化剂总用量,患者住院天数和远期复发出血率.结果:三组患者治疗后食管静脉曲张消失率无差异;EVS组硬化剂应用总量、治疗次数和住院天数都高于EVS EVL续贯EVS组,EVL续贯EVS组(95.64±37.51 mL vs 55.90±38.93 mL,32.15±26.97 mL;3.64±1.32 vs 1.85±1.18,1.35±0.88;25.92±8.69 vs 20.6±5.00 d,17.55±4.62 d;P均<0.05),而后两组之间没有差异;EVL续贯EVS组食管静脉曲张复发率高于另外两组(45% vs 12%,20%,P<0.05),而后两组间没有差异.3组间再出血发生率及并发症的发生率没有差别.结论:EVL续贯EVS和EVS EVL续贯EVS在食管静脉曲张的治疗上优于单纯EVS,尤其后者兼具EVL和EVS的优点.     

Propofol use in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound

Compared to standard endoscopy,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are often lengthier and more complex,thus requiring higher doses of sedatives for patient comfort and compliance.The aim of this review is to provide the reader with information regarding the use,safety profile,and merits of propofol for sedation in advanced endoscopic procedures like ERCP and EUS,based on the current literature.     

The endoscopic transilluminator: an endoscopic device for identification of the proximal jejunum for transgastric endoscopic gastrojejunostomy

BACKGROUND: Localization of the proximal jejunum is important for creation of gastrojejunal anastomosis to palliate gastric outlet obstruction or for treatment of obesity with gastric bypass. OBJECTIVE: To facilitate identification of the proximal jejunum during transgastric endoscopic gastrojejunostomy with the use of an endoscopic transilluminator (ET). DESIGN AND SETTING: Acute experiments in a live porcine model. INTERVENTIONS: The ET is a 3500-mm long, 6F radio-opaque tube with a fiberoptic core that lights up at its distal end. When situated in the intestinal lumen, it transilluminates the bowel wall. With the animal under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, a colonoscope was advanced to the proximal jejunum. A plastic tube (3500-mm long, 3.5 mm in diameter) was passed through the biopsy channel and placed into the small bowel. The colonoscope was withdrawn, leaving the tube in place. The ET was introduced into the jejunum through the tube. A gastric wall incision was made and the endoscope was advanced to the peritoneal cavity. The transilluminated loop of the proximal jejunum was identified and gastrojejunal anastomosis was made by use of a previously reported endoscopic technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Identification of the proximal jejunum. RESULTS: Eleven pigs (average weight 55 kg) had ET placement. In all of the pigs, placement of the ET was performed easily to the proximal small bowel, and the proximal jejunum was successfully localized by either direct visualization of the transilluminated loop only or with the aid of fluoroscopy. The tip of the ET was usually located about 50 to 70 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. There were no complications related to the use of ET. LIMITATIONS: The device has not yet been evaluated in humans. CONCLUSIONS: The ET is a safe instrument and can be used to identify the proximal jejunum to facilitate endoscopic gastrojejunostomy.     

Evolving endoscopic surgery

Since the days of Albukasim in medieval Spain, natural orifices have been regarded not only as a rather repugnant source of bodily odors, fluids and excreta, but also as a convenient invitation to explore and treat the inner passages of the organism. However, surgical ingenuity needed to be matched by appropriate tools and devices. Lack of technologically advanced instrumentation was a strong deterrent during almost a millennium until recent decades when a quantum jump materialized. Endoscopic surgery is currently a vibrant and growing subspecialty, which successfully handles millions of patients every year. Additional opportunities lie ahead which might benefit millions more, however, requiring even more sophisticated apparatuses, particularly in the field of robotics, artificial intelligence, and tissue repair (surgical suturing). This is a particularly exciting and worthwhile challenge, namely of larger and safer endoscopic interventions, followed by seamless and scarless recovery. In synthesis, the future is widely open for those who use together intelligence and creativity to develop new prototypes, new accessories and new techniques. Yet there are many challenges in the path of endoscopic surgery. In this new era of robotic endoscopy, one will likely need a virtual simulator to train and assess the performance of younger doctors. More evidence will be essential in multiple evolving fields, particularly to elucidate whether more ambitious and complex pathways, such as intrathoracic and intraperitoneal surgery via natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), are superior or not to conventional techniques.