原始永存玻璃体增生症(PHPV)的影像学

目的:探讨CT和MRI在原始永存玻璃体增生症(PHPV)诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析9例PHPV的影像学表现,4例行CT检查,1例行MRI检查,4例同时行CT和MRI检查。结果:影像学表现为患侧小眼球,玻璃体密度或信号增高,晶体后或眼球后极视乳头前软组织肿块增生,有条索影位于晶体后缘至视乳头前;增生软组织肿块和条索影在T1WI和T2WI均呈中等信号,增强后软组织肿块和条索影可强化。结论:小眼球、晶体后或视乳头前玻璃体内软组织肿块增生和玻璃体动脉显示为PHPV的影像学表现,CT和MRI可显示玻璃体内增生组织的形态,对PHPV的诊断和儿童眼内病变的鉴别诊断有重要参考价值。     

小儿玻璃体病变的CT诊断(附95例分析)

目的探讨小儿玻璃体病变CT诊断。方法收集我院1999-12—2004-10经CT检查有玻璃体病变的病例,共95例,并对其影像进行探讨研究。结果95例包括永存原始玻璃体增生症5例,早产儿视网膜病变9例,视网膜母细胞瘤34例,Coat’s病3例,小眼球23例(其中玻璃体密度正常13例,密度增高10例),玻璃体出血16例以及眼内炎5例。结论CT对于大多数玻璃本病变能够做出明确诊断,指导临床治疗。     

B超诊断双眼永存原发性玻璃体增生症1例

患儿 ,男 ,4个月 ,因白瞳症来我院检查。患儿出生后 2月发现右眼白瞳孔 ,患儿无早产史 ,出生时无缺氧史。经眼科检查 :右眼晶体灰白色混浊 ,后节窥不进 ,疑视网膜母细胞瘤。B超检查 :双眼轴径小约 1 .5cm ,双眼玻璃体内似三角形略强回声区 ,于晶体后方见底前 ,连于晶体后囊 ,尖向后 ,与视乳头连接 ,转动眼球未见后运动现象。提示 :双眼玻璃体大量混浊、永存原发性玻璃体增生病。经临床检查诊断符合。　　讨论 :永存原发性玻璃体增生症多见于婴幼儿或儿童 ,90 %为单眼发病 ,临床表现为白瞳症。本病要与先天性白内障、视网膜母细胞瘤和早产儿…     

外层渗出性视网膜病变的CT诊断价值

目的探讨CT在外层渗出性视网膜病变(Coats病)中的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经临床确诊的5例Coats病的CT表现。5例均行常规横断位CT平扫,其中2例行增强扫描。结果5例均为单眼发病,患眼瞳孔内可见白色反光。CT表现为患侧眼球壁增厚,玻璃体后方可见新月形、"V"形高密度区,无强化、不伴钙化斑,眼球大小正常,视神经粗细正常。结论CT可为Coats病的临床诊断及鉴别诊断提供客观、可靠的影像学依据。     

外层渗出性视网膜病变的影像学特征与病理学对照

目的：分析外层渗出性视网膜病变(又称 Coats 病)的影像学特征,与病理组织学比较,探讨其影像表现的病理基础,提高诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的 Coats 病的 CT、MRI 和超声征象,荧光素眼底血管造影术(FFA)检查结果及病理资料。8例均行 CT 平扫、常规 MRI 和超声检查。结果8例均累及单侧眼球。CT 表现：8例均表现为玻璃体内密度增高影,密度均匀、边界清楚,视网膜区增厚;5例前房深度变浅。1例玻璃体、晶状体内多发钙化灶。1例患侧眼球体积增大,1例患侧眼球萎缩,6例双侧眼球体积差别不明显;5例晶状体增厚、位置异常。MRI 表现：8例玻璃体内等 T1、等 T2信号6例,短 T1、长 T2信号1例,长 T1、长 T2信号1例;3例患眼视网膜区见线样短 T2信号;5例病变充满玻璃体,3例呈扁平的“V”形贴于视网膜区。超声表现：玻璃体内点状低回声6例;球壁隆起8例;视网膜脱离8例;球壁回声明显增强,提示球壁骨化1例;强回声钙化斑1例。FFA 表现：视网膜毛细血管扩张8例,伴毛细血管无灌注区2例,散在栗状动脉瘤6例,视网膜新生血管1例。病理表现：镜下见视网膜毛细血管扩张伴大量泡沫状巨噬细胞和脂质沉积。结论Coats 病具有典型的影像学征象,总结其 CT、MRI 和超声征象,结合 FFA 表现,与病理学相互对照有助于本病诊断。     

先天性眼球畸形的CT、MRI表现

目的 提高对先天性眼球畸形的CT、MRI表现认识,并探讨其临床诊断价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析24例(31眼) 先天性眼球畸形患者的CT、MRI资料,其中行眼眶CT检查13例,眼眶MRI 9例,颅脑MRI 2例. 结果 牵牛花综合征16眼,特征性表现为眼球后部视神经乳头局限性缺损致玻璃体腔膨出,合并视网膜脱离2眼,合并眼眶囊肿9眼,合并胼胝体发育不全1眼.永存原始玻璃体增殖症(persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous,PHPV)7眼,表现为小眼球,晶状体后方软组织肿块和永存玻璃体动脉.巩膜葡萄肿1眼.Coats 病2眼,主要表现为视网膜下积液,球内密度或信号增高.单纯小眼球3眼.先天性无眼球2眼. 结论 CT、MRI有助于先天性眼球畸形的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

CT与MRI诊断视网膜母细胞瘤的临床价值分析

目的对比MRI与CT检查在视网膜母细胞瘤诊断中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院自2015年11月～2016年11月期间收治的23例视网膜母细胞瘤患者基本资料,给予患者CT检查以及MRI检查,分析临床诊断结果以及价值。结果 MRI诊断之后发现患者眼中肿块信号不均匀,眼中可发现更低斑片、斑点状信号影。钙化显示率为40%; CT诊断患者之后眼内出现斑块状、斑点状钙化肿块,钙化显示率为94. 11%。结论在临床诊断视网膜母细胞瘤过程中MRI与CT检查均具备一定效果,但是CT诊断效果更显著,肿块内钙化是定性诊断视网膜母细胞瘤的基础与依据,影像学表现可以为以后判断预后以及确定治疗计划提供参考。     

眼内钙化的CT显示及同临床和理表现的关系

眼的钙化可发生在多种疾病中,其中包括创伤、炎症、肿瘤及全身性钙代谢异常。CT 应用之前,仅有明显钙化才能为X 线检查显示。CT 具有较高密度分辨率,能准确显示出眼内钙化。作者就各种病变眼内钙化表现进行了分析,并结合临床和病理表现进行了讨论。肿瘤性病变:视网膜母细胞瘤是儿童期最常见的眼内肿瘤,常发生在3岁以下儿童,早期诊断对病变治疗有很高价值。95%视网膜母细胞瘤有钙化,钙化通常位于眼球后部、突入玻璃体内。CT上,钙化分两种类型,一种是较大的高密度肿瘤中     

视网膜母细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的：探讨CT、MRI诊断视网膜母细胞瘤的价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析8例9眼视网膜母细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现。结果：CT显示眼内钙化软组织肿块8例（9眼），眼环扩大5眼，眼环增厚和局部模糊各1眼，视神经增粗2例。MRI显示眼内肿块呈等T1信号7例，长T11例，等1、25例，稍长1、23例，侵犯球外3例。3例MRI增强扫描均显示肿块呈不均匀轻度增强。4例脂肪抑制显示肿块向球外侵犯比非抑脂者更清晰。CT典型表现为眼球内有钙化的肿块，MRI表现为球内异常软组织信号，但对钙化不敏感。结论：CT和MRI是视网膜母细胞瘤诊断、分期和术后随访的可靠影像检查方法，眼内钙化肿块是诊断本病的主要征象，CT显示钙化优于MRI，但显示肿瘤蔓延MRI优于CT。     

视网膜母细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的: 探讨CT、MRI诊断视网膜母细胞瘤的价值.材料和方法: 回顾性分析8例9眼视网膜母细胞瘤的CT和MRI表现.结果: CT显示眼内钙化软组织肿块8例(9眼),眼环扩大5眼,眼环增厚和局部模糊各1眼,视神经增粗2例.MRI显示眼内肿块呈等T1信号 7例,长T1 1例,等T2 5例,稍长T2 3例,侵犯球外3例.3例MRI增强扫描均显示肿块呈不均匀轻度增强.4例脂肪抑制显示肿块向球外侵犯比非抑脂者更清晰.CT典型表现为眼球内有钙化的肿块,MRI表现为球内异常软组织信号,但对钙化不敏感.结论: CT和MRI是视网膜母细胞瘤诊断、分期和术后随访的可靠影像检查方法,眼内钙化肿块是诊断本病的主要征象,CT显示钙化优于MRI,但显示肿瘤蔓延MRI优于CT.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.