不同的胃癌淋巴结分期对患者预后的影响

目的探讨胃癌淋巴结分期与患者预后的关系。方法应用新旧两种胃癌淋巴结分期系统,对1104例接受标准R2根治术胃癌患者的预后进行统计分析。结果(1)旧式N分期的N1和N2期患者的中位生存期分别为35.5和26.6个月。新式N分期将旧式N分期的423例N1期和282例N2期患者分成3个组(N1、N2和N3),3组间的中位生存期差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。相反,旧式分期对患者的中位生存期无明显影响。(2)ⅢA期的5年生存率从旧式24.8%上升至32.7%,ⅢB期的5年生存率从17.3%下降到9.1%。结论两种分期系统都是很好的评价患者预后的指标,但新分期有更好的判断预后效果。     

一种新的胃癌淋巴结分期方案

目的比较AJCC/UICC 1997年第五版胃癌TNM分期中的N分期与以淋巴结转移度为标准的新N分期. 方法行D2或D3术式的胃癌(皆无远处转移)标本用透光法摘取淋巴结,分别按2种方法分期,新法中N1为淋巴结转移度0.01%～10.00%, N2为10.01%～25.00%,N3为＞25.00%.全组随访,资料经统计学处理. 结果本组78例患者共取得淋巴结5388 枚,平均每例69枚(范围30～157枚).全组淋巴结转移率75.64%(59/78).新分期N0、N 1、N2、N3期患者3年生存率分别为100%、68.42%、7.58%、6.78%(χ2=35.85 0,P<0.01, r=0.95). 结论淋巴结转移度是一相对数,在预后的判断上,优于淋巴结转移数目.     

残胃癌的诊治研究进展

残胃癌(GSC)是指胃良性疾病行胃切除术后5年以上或胃癌行胃切除术后10年以上,残胃出现的新发癌。由于早期GSC患者临床表现不典型,就诊时多数已进展,加之本病的特殊性,导致其预后较差。GSC的发生率呈逐年上升的趋势,为探讨近年来GSC诊治的若干问题,笔者复习国内外相关文献,就其的病因、临床表现、治疗手段、预后及预防等研究进展作一综述,并提出首次胃切除手术后的随访尤为重要,早期发现、诊断及早期治疗是提高患者的生存率、改善生活质量关键。     

胃癌微转移及其与胃癌预后的关系

近年来胃癌微转移的研究成为热点，笔者就近年来胃癌淋巴结微转移和腹腔做转移的检测及其与胃癌预后关系的研究作一综述。     

HER-2基因表达水平与相同病理分期胃癌患者预后的关系

目的 研究HER-2基因在相同病理分期胃癌组织中的表达水平,探讨其作为判断胃癌患者预后指标的可行性.方法 应用免疫组化法检测110例患者胃癌标本中HER-2基因的表达水平,并结合患者病理分期及生存期进行统计学分析.结果 本组中HER-2基因的总的阳性表达率为33.64％(37/110).其中Ⅱ期胃癌组织中HER-2基因弱阳性表达率为21.31％(13/61),强阳性表达率为9.84％(6/61);Ⅲ期胃癌组织中HER-2基因弱阳性表达率为20.41％(10/49),强阳性表达率为16.33％(8/49).结合生存期进行统计学分析可知,相同病理分期胃癌组织中,HER-2基因表达阴性组生存率最高,弱阳性组次之,强阳性组最低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 HER-2基因表达水平与相同病理分期胃癌患者预后有关,可作为判断胃癌生物学行为和预后的参考指标.     

胃癌患者临床与病理TNM分期一致性分析

目的 探讨胃癌患者术前临床TNM分期与术后病理TNM分期的一致性并分析其原因.方法选取甘肃省人民医院普外二科2010年12月-2011年12月手术治疗的胃癌患者临床资料完整者64例,参照日本胃癌学会(JGCA)(2010年第14版)拟定的胃癌TNM分期标准,对所有患者进行术后病理分期,并与术前临床分期进行对比.应用统计软件SPSS 18.0分析T、N、M分期统计量的一致性.结果 术前临床T分期与术后病理T分期的Kappa值为0.729,两者一致性较好;N分期的Kappa值为0.216,一致性较差;M分期的Kappa值为0.743,两者一致性较好.结论 新版《胃癌处理规约》应用临床后,可以较为准确的判断TNM分期,有利于指导个体化的治疗方案,但仍存在高估或者低估的情况,尤其是N分期的差异性较大,因此,术前综合各种资料,正确判断N分期是提高术前临床TNM分期准确率,制定治疗方案的关键.     

对胃、结直肠癌肝转移几个临床问题的思考

肝脏是胃、结直肠癌血行转移的主要靶器官.有10%～20%结直肠癌在初次确诊时即有同时性肝转移癌,根治术后异时性肝转移癌也占22%～50%,切除术后5年生存率达30%～51%.胃癌肝转移率仅3.7%～5%,切除术后5年生存率为0%～34%.由于胃、结直肠癌肝转移早期鲜有临床表现,待确诊时,常为多发肝转移或已累及双叶.因此,结直肠癌肝转移切除率仅10%～20%,而胃癌肝转移切除率也仅0.4%～10%.故要提高肝转移癌的切除率和术后5年生存率有以下3个问题应予考虑.     

胃癌新TNM分期与其生物学行为及预后的关系

目的　分析胃癌新TNM分期的临床应用价值。　方法　对比分析 334例胃癌患者新、旧TNM分期中区域淋巴结转移 (pN)分级与患者预后及反映胃癌生物学行为的病理因素间的相关性。　结果　旧pN分级中pN1组术后 5年生存率为 49 6 % ,pN2 组为 33 5 % ,2组差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;新pN分级中pN1组术后 5年生存率为 48 5 % ,pN2 组为 2 4 1% ,pN3 组为 5 6 %。 3组患者术后生存率差异有极显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;新pN分级与患者胃癌的浸润深度、大体类型、浆膜分型和生长方式相关 (P <0 0 1) ;COX模型分析表明新pN分级是反映胃癌预后最主要的独立指标。　结论　与旧TNM分期相比 ,新TNM分期系统是估计胃癌预后更为合理的指标 ,并且较旧分期更简单、客观 ,具可重复性 ,易于推广应用。     

胃癌术前分期的临床应用及其价值

准确的胃癌术前分期是胃癌综合治疗方案实施的需要.早期胃癌,特别是黏膜内癌,可以行内镜下切除以避免不必要的外科手术;为了获得局部进展期胃癌R0切除,新辅助治疗倍受关注并已展开探索.随着内镜超声检查(EUS)、经腹超声检查(TAUS)、多层螺旋CT(MSCT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、正电子发射型断层成像(PET)、PET-CT和腹腔镜探查分期等影像学技术的发展,胃癌术前分期的准确率已得到明显改善.本文旨在对胃癌术前分期的临床应用现状及其价值作一阐述.     

Dysplasia of nonmetaplastic gastric mucosa. A proposal for its classification and its possible relationship to diffuse-type gastric carcinoma

In a review of 192 gastric resections, histological changes believed to represent dysplasia of nonmetaplastic gastric epithelium were observed. This paper presents a proposal for their classification. The main feature of this dysplasia is replacement of the differentiated cells lining the glands by undifferentiated cells with varying degrees of cytological abnormalities and cellular pleomorphism, but with absence of architectural glandular derangement. The classification is justified by cytokinetic and histologic observations in experimental gastric carcinogenesis and early human gastric carcinoma. The severity of the changes is graded, first, by the extent of involvement of the gland (crypt) as measured from the proliferative zone (PZ), and, second, by the degree of cytological abnormality. It utilizes a modification of the terminology of Riddell et al. (45) for dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease wherein the term "dysplasia" denotes intraepithelial neoplasia. The changes are classified into (a) negative for dysplasia, (b) atypical, i.e., indefinite for dysplasia, and (c) positive for dysplasia. Changes negative for dysplasia are considered regenerative and consist of enlargement and vesicular transformation of the nucleus in the cells of the PZ and adjacent part of the crypt. Atypical changes consist of equivocal lesions difficult to classify as definitely regenerative or definitely dysplastic, and are hence called indefinite for dysplasia. They consist of loss of cytoplasmic differentiation of the cells lining the glands (i.e., mucus production and parietal and chief cell differentiation) with increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and moderate cytological atypicality. Based on the extent of gland involvement, the group with atypical mucosa is subdivided into two categories--atypical, probably negative for dysplasia (AtN) and atypical, probably positive for dysplasia (AtP). Mucosa exhibiting unequivocal cytological features of neoplasia with cellular and nuclear pleomorphism is classified as positive for dysplasia (D). This is subdivided into low-grade and high-grade dysplasia, the latter representing carcinoma in situ. Glandular architecture remains undisturbed in all stages and the cells remain cuboidal, without transformation into intestinal-type cells. This type of dysplasia was found in a significantly higher number of diffuse-type carcinomas than in intestinal-type carcinomas. The previously well-recognized adenomatous or metaplastic dysplasia was significantly more prevalent in intestinal-type carcinoma than in diffuse-type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

内镜活检对胃癌组织学分类术前诊断的价值

目的 探讨内镜活检对胃癌组织学分类术前诊断的价值。方法 术前对141例胃癌患的内镜活检标本分别根据Lauren分类和世界卫生组织（WHO）分类判断组织学分类，并与手术标本结果对照。结果 内镜活检对胃癌Lauren分类术前诊断的准确率为76.6%。对肠型胃癌诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为85.4%和80.6%。而对弥漫型胃癌则分别为82.7%和80.3%，在59例术前诊断为肠型胃癌的病例中，18例（30.5%)在手术标本中呈弥漫性行生长，而在75例术前诊断为弥漫型胃癌的病例中，仅6例（8.0%)术后诊断为肠型胃癌，内镜活检对胃癌WHO分类术前诊断的准确率为87.2%，其中对乳头状/管状腺癌，黏液腺癌和印戒细胞癌的敏感性分别为91.9%。33.3%和66.7%。结论 内镜活检对胃癌组织学分类的术前诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to the ureter

Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to the ureter is very rare. In most published cases, the diagnosis is only made at postmortem examination or when gross metastasis is present. This report presents a case in which the metastasis occluded the ureteral lumen from inside, and the diagnosis was made by histopathologic examination of a biopsy specimen taken during ureteroscopy.     

重视和预防胃癌术后并发症

胃癌作为消化道常见的恶性肿瘤,目前在我国的发病率仍相当高。近年来,我国的胃癌治疗水平已有显著提高,以手术为主综合治疗的胃癌患者5年生存率可接近60％。就手术治疗而言,标准的胃癌根治性手术包括胃切除、淋巴结清扫和消化道重建3个部分。     

The relationship of different preoperative inflammatory markers with the prognosis of gastric carcinoma

BackgroundIt is aimed to determine the prognostic values of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers in patients undergoing curative surgery for gastric carcinoma and to contribute to the development of prognostic modeling.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of various different preoperative inflammatory markers on the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.Material and methodThe medical data and the mortality status of 91 patients who underwent total or subtotal gastrectomy operation for gastric carcinoma at Mersin City Training and Research Hospital between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed from the hospital records and patient files. The patients' demographic characteristics, tumor location, histopathological diagnosis, pathological stage, tumor markers, and preoperative inflammatory and hematological markers were analyzed. Based on these data, tumor stage, metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR), lactate dehydrogenase albumin ratio (LAR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. The relationship between these parameters and postoperative survival was analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS for Windows, version 17.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States).ResultsThe correlation analysis of the parameters affecting survival showed that, in addition to an advanced tumor stage, inflammatory parameters like NLR, PLR, and LAR adversely affected survival.ConclusionPreoperative NLR, PLR, LAR, and advanced tumor stage may help determine the survival of gastric carcinoma patients. Multiple studies with larger series are needed on this subject.