桡神经浅支缺如兼有副拇长屈肌和巨乙状结肠一例

在对一具老年女尸行层次解剖时，发现其左侧上肢桡神经浅支缺如，被前臂外侧皮神经替代，兼有副拇长屈肌；且有先天性巨乙状结肠。集诸多变异畸形于一身，实属罕见。1．桡神经浅支缺如左侧上肢桡神经于肱骨外上髁后上方穿臂外侧肌间隔进入肘窝，走行于肱肌与肱桡肌之间的沟中，     

拇长屈肌变异2例

在制作上肢肌肉标本时,发现拇长屈肌变异2例,此类变异少见,现报道如下:变异1标本1为一成年男性左侧上肢肌肉标本.分开其肌间隙后,见指浅屈肌、指深屈肌、拇长屈肌均正常,在深层指深屈肌与拇长屈肌之间见一异常肌束.     

胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能的神经解剖学研究

目的为临床应用胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能手术过程中神经吻接提供解剖学依据。方法解剖观测胸内侧神经及尺神经深支分支特点,比较相关神经有髓神经纤维数目,确定手术过程中神经吻接。结果胸内侧神经为胸小肌的主要支配神经,其在第3肋间隙近锁骨中线处入胸小肌,有髓神经纤维计数为(868±130)根;尺神经深支穿出内侧肌间隔后在第3、4掌骨间隙分别发出两明显肌支,其有髓神经纤维计数分别为(394±49)根、(708±78)根;P3L4(尺神经深支在第4掌骨间隙的分支,其分布于第3骨间掌侧肌和第4蚓状肌)与胸内侧神经、正中神经返支有髓神经纤维数目都比较接近。结论胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能手术中,在切取胸小肌时以胸内侧神经作为供体神经,以第3肋间隙与锁骨中线交点为标记寻找该神经;尺神经深支中P3L4肌支与胸内侧神经吻合最匹配。     

正中神经与肌皮神经2支交通支1例

笔者在解剖 1具老年男性尸体时发现其右侧正中神经和肌皮神经之间有 2个交通支相连 ,现报道如下 :组成右侧臂丛的 5个神经根先形成上、中、下干 ,每干都分前、后股 ,其上、中干的后股在腋动脉的后方合并下行 2 .7ｃｍ后再与下干后股合并形成后束 ,其合并处横径 2 .1ｍｍ ,后束下行 1.8ｃｍ分出桡神经和腋神经。上、中干的前股合成外侧束 ,外侧束在胸小肌上缘后方胸肩峰动脉起始处的外侧发出正中神经外侧根 (横径0 .8ｍｍ)和肌皮神经 (横径 2 .3ｍｍ)。肌皮神经在腋动脉的外侧向外下行至 2 .5ｃｍ处胸小肌下缘后方发出 :①喙肱肌支 ,支配喙肱…     

人拇长屈肌和拇长伸肌的肌纤维型构成及年龄差异

采用尸检取材（死后２４ｈ内）共１７例，用肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶染色法，研究了不同年龄组拇长屈肌和拇长伸肌的肌纤维型构成。结果表明，各年龄组肌纤维型比例明显不同，Ⅰ型纤维比例在少儿组较高，中青年组较低，到老年组又见增高。方差分析表明，年龄组之间存在显著差异。此外，在中青年组和老年组，拇长伸肌的Ⅰ型纤维比例显著高于拇长屈肌；而在少儿组，两肌之间无明显差异。本文讨论了肌纤维型构成与肌功能适应的关系。     

经皮钩形小针刀治疗拇长屈肌腱鞘炎

我院自1995年至1999年,应用解剖定位进针,经皮钩形小针刀治疗拇长屈肌腱鞘炎192例取得满意疗效,现报告如下。 一、资料与方法 1.一般资料:192例拇长屈肌腱鞘炎患者,年龄21～65岁,其中男62例,女130例,双侧21例。局部解剖学特点:拇指由于拇长屈肌腱,通过两块籽骨的缝隙与鞘管组成的隧道内,易造成屈肌腱纤维鞘管的增厚,管腔狭窄,管壁弹性减弱,屈脂肌腱于此处呈梭形膨大,在掌指关节相应的屈腱纤维鞘管的起始部出现隆起,活动时疼痛并产生弹响,重症者拇指可有绞锁。     

肌皮神经与正中神经之间交通支的观测及意义

目的：调查肌皮神经与正中神经之间交通支的出现率并探讨其临床意义。方法：解剖观测56侧成人上肢尸体标本。结果：肌皮神经与正中神经之间交通支的出现率为21．43％，依交通支发出的数量可将其分为两种类型：I型、Ⅱ型，I型又以其发出的部位分为Ia型(高位型)、Ib型(穿喙肱肌型)和Ic型(低位型)三种。结论：肌皮神经和正中神经之间的交通支并不少见，在臂部手术时应对其加以保护。     

拇短展肌双肌腹双起始变异1例

拇短展肌具有外展、外旋拇指及使拇指腕掌关节屈曲的作用.拇短展肌一般为单肌腹,双肌腹变异极为罕见.我们在新鲜标本的解剖中,发现拇短展肌存在双肌腹双起点变异,报道如下:该标本系青年男性前臂远端肢体标本,我们解剖发现拇短展肌具有两个肌腹,按其位置关系可分为尺侧肌腹和桡侧肌腹,其中足侧肌腹的桡侧被桡侧肌腹的尺侧部分覆盖.     

桡侧腕短伸肌神经血管肌蒂移位修复前臂屈肌瘫的应用解剖

在３５侧成人上肢标本上，解剖观测了桡侧腕短伸肌神经及其伴行血管的关系，该肌神经来自桡神经的深支或浅支，可分离长度平无１２．３ｃｍ以上，横径１．１ｍｍ，伴行动脉外径１．３ｍｍ，设计以神经肌支和伴行血管为蒂的桡侧腕短伸肌神经血管肌蒂，可转位修复正中神经损伤所致的前臂屈肌群的瘫痪。     

拇收肌腱弓处尺神经卡压征的应用解剖

目的 :为拇收肌腱弓处的尺神经卡压征机理和治疗提供解剖学基础。方法 :解剖 2 0个 ( 4 0侧 )成人尸体标本手的拇收肌腱弓 ,对拇收肌起始部的纤维弓状结构进行观察、测量 ,对观测结果进行统计学处理。结果 :40侧中 3 7.5 % ( 15侧 )存在纤维弓状结构 ;其中呈膜性的 (A型 )占 73 .3 % ( 11侧 ) ;呈索带状(B型 )占 2 6.6% ( 4侧 )。肌纤维弓状结构长平均 3 .7± 0 .6mm。结论 :部分人手存在拇收肌起始部的纤维腱弓 ,形成神经血管腔隙 ,腔隙内压增高可导致尺神经终末运动支嵌压征。治疗是在第 3掌骨基底部切开腱弓减压。     

Anomalous flexor of the little finger

We report an anomalous palmar muscle belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (FDS) in the right hand of an 80-year-old female cadaver. The muscle originated from the center of the volar surface of the flexor retinaculum and inserted onto the palmar aspect of the base of the middle phalanx of the little finger. Its tendon of insertion divided into two bands, a pattern typical of the FDS tendon, between which the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus muscle to the little finger passed. The tendon of the usual antebrachial FDS to the little finger was absent. The anomalous muscle belly was innervated by a branch from the median nerve.     

Stratification of the flexor retinaculum and the course and distribution of the ulnar, median, and palmar digital nerves: an anatomical study

A gross anatomic study of 169 hands from 94 human adult cadavers was carried out to define the morphology of the flexor retinaculum and the relationship of the flexor retinaculum to the course of the median and ulnar nerves and branching of the palmar digital nerves. The following results were obtained. Three parts of the flexor retinaculum were arranged like overlapping tiles on a roof, and in all cases, the median nerve passed deep to the flexor retinaculum, whereas the ulnar nerve passed through various parts of the flexor retinaculum in 19% of cases irrespective of its proximal form and branching of the palmar digital nerves.     

肌桥修复正中神经缺损

用骨骼肌桥修复正中神经缺损4例，其中1例经二年随访主明效果良好，其余3例正在随访中。     

An anomalous accessory flexor digiti minimi profundus muscle: A case study

A well-developed anomalous muscle within the forearm flexor compartment was discovered during a routine cadaveric dissection. The identified muscle originated from the intercompartmental septum on the medial side of the forearm just proximal to the wrist joint and inserted on the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit. When stressed, the tendon of the muscle produced flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the fifth digit. Contiguous muscles, including the flexor digitorum profundus, displayed normal morphology. The muscle appeared to be an accessory belly of flexor digitorum profundus. The combination of an accessory flexor digitorum profundus muscle belly acting on the metacarpophalangeal joint of the little finger has not been previously reported. Based on its origin, insertion, and action we have named this variant accessory flexor digiti minimi profundus. This muscular variant could have clinical relevance, possibly affecting ulnar nerve function and circulation in the hand. Clin. Anat. 11:55–59, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

家兔趾深屈肌肌构筑、肌内神经和运动终板分布

目的:探讨家兔趾深屈肌的肌构筑与肌内神经和运动终板分布的关系。方法:肌构筑法、改良Sihler s染色法、乙酰胆碱酯酶染色法。结果:家兔趾深屈肌为环羽肌。肌质量为(2.30±0.02)g,肌纤维长(1.00±0.01)cm,肌生理横切面积(2.17±0.12)cm2。肌的起端,神经干于腱板上方发出内侧和外侧两条初级支,初级支在肌内发出数目不等的次级支,继而向肌的深面和边缘发出终末支。有的次级支穿越腱板到达对侧。肌表面内、外两缘有线状排列的运动终板带,两带在肌止端相接,呈“V”形。结论:家兔趾深屈肌是环羽肌,倾向力量型设计;肌内神经分支存在越边支配;肌内神经和运动终板的分布与肌纤维排列有关;趾深屈肌有划分亚部的形态学特征。     

The contribution of the palmaris longus muscle to the strength of thumb abduction

The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is described as a weak flexor of the wrist and a tensor of the palmar aponeurosis, but not a thumb abductor. The PLM is believed to aid thumb abduction through its insertion onto the thenar eminence. Two groups, both right hand dominant, were selected from 1,200 sampled participants. The first group comprised of 38 subjects with unilateral presence of the PLM and was used to determine the strength of thumb abduction. The second group comprised of 30 subjects, with bilateral presence of the PLM, and it was used to calculate the effects of hand dominance. A significant number of subjects with bilateral absence of the PLM were observed and undocumented. Using a dynamometer in subjects with unilateral presence of the PLM, the force of thumb abduction was significantly greater on the hand with a PLM than the one without it (P = 0.014), irrespective of hand dominance. In the second sample with bilateral PLM, thumb abduction on the dominant hand was 10% stronger than on the nondominant hand and was similar to the universally accepted average of 10% increase in grip strength of the dominant hand. Thus, 10% was deducted from all the dominant hands, and the force of thumb abduction remained greater on the hand with PLM than the hand without it (P = 0.049). The results of this study demonstrated the PLM to be involved in thumb abduction, and the authors therefore recommend that this action of the muscle be universally accepted by anatomists and hand surgeons. Clin. Anat. 23:431–436, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

An accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle with high division of the tibial nerve

An accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle associated with a high division of the tibial nerve was encountered during routine dissection in the right leg of a newborn cadaver. The tibial nerve divided into its two terminal branches at a higher level than normal with a small branch from the tibial nerve contributing to one of the terminal branches. In addition, an accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle was observed to pass between the terminal branches of the tibial nerve.