SPECT/CT图像融合在分化型甲状腺癌~(131)I治疗后的临床应用价值

目的探讨SPECT/CT图像融合在分化型甲状腺癌术后患者131I治疗后判断残余组织和转移灶的存在部位,并在确定治疗方案中的应用价值。方法对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后患者30例(60例次)于131I治疗后5~7天行SPECT/CT全身和局部断层显像。131I治疗剂量为100~200mCi。结果DTC术后患者131I治疗行SPECT/CT融合图像显示:单纯残留甲状腺组织摄取131I37次,残余甲状腺和颈部淋巴结16次,纵膈和颈部淋巴结2次,双肺弥漫性及散在病灶1次,右锁骨上淋巴结1次,残余甲状腺和双肺转移2次,残余甲状腺组织和骨骼转移1次。结论SPECT/CT图像融合在131I治疗DTC后提高病灶的定位诊断、制定和调整治疗方案方面具有重要的应用价值。     

甲状腺癌131I治疗后扫描胆囊显影1例

患者女,43岁.临床诊断为甲状腺癌合并颈部淋巴结转移.曾先后行4次手术分别切除双侧甲状腺和进行颈部淋巴结清扫.病理诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌及颈部淋巴结转移性腺瘤.既往有慢性胆囊炎、胆石症病史.平素口服甲状腺激素替代抑制治疗,停甲状腺激素1个月后测得血清甲状腺球蛋白Tg 28.30 ng/mL.在予以100 mCi 131I"清甲"治疗后第7天行131I全身扫描见颈部残留甲状腺明显摄取放射性,以及肝脏胆囊区也摄取放射性(图1).同时行SPECT-CT融合显像证实胆囊摄碘(图2).     

分化型甲状腺癌131I全身显像卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤显影1例

患者女,48岁,因甲状腺肿块行双侧甲状腺根治术及双侧颈部淋巴结清扫术,术后病理为甲状腺乳头状癌及颈部淋巴结转移,胸部CT示双肺弥漫性小结节病灶。经131I100mCi清除术后剩余甲状腺组织,4个月后予131I200mCi治疗,扫描见颈、胸和腹部131I摄取阳性(图1),进一步排空肠道内容后再次显像,图像无明显变化。行同机图像融合见131I阳性显像部位在盆腔。腹部B超检查提示下腹部液性多囊性肿块,进而在超声引导下穿刺,病理示盆腔囊性肿块,源于卵巢可能,遂行卵巢肿块切除术,术中见右侧卵巢肿块大小约18cm×12cm×10cm,病理示卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤。再次131…     

抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体和18F-FDG符合线路显像在分化型甲状腺癌随访中的临床应用

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)手术和131Ⅰ治疗后,血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平阴性时,血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)是否可以反映DTC的复发和转移以及18F-FDG SPECT符合线路显像对这些患者的诊断灵敏度和临床随访价值.方法 对52例临床经手术和131Ⅰ清除残余甲状腺治疗后的DTC患者随访发现11例患者(21.15%)的血清TgAb浓度均为阳性(＞40 IU/ml,范围为84.0～5450.0 IU/ml),但血清Tg＜0.2 ng/ml;随访期间行18F-FDG SPECT符合线路显像和131 Ⅰ全身显像,计算其诊断复发转移灶的灵敏度、特异性,必要时行全身骨显像、X/CT、B超、MRI检查等.结果 11例血清TgAb浓度均为阳性的患者中18F-FDG SPECT符合线路显像和131Ⅰ全身显像共发现8例患者阳性病灶13个,18F-FDG SPECT符合线路显像发现阳性病灶8个,其中纵膈转移2个,颈部病灶(包括残留病灶和颈淋巴结转移)6个,阴性病灶5个(假阴性),其中颈淋巴结转移3个,纵膈和肺转移各1个,18F-FDG SPECT符合线路显像的灵敏度61.5%,特异性100%,阳性预期值100%;131Ⅰ全身显像发现阳性病灶10个,其中纵隔转移2个,肺转移1个,颈部病灶(包括残留病灶和颈淋巴结转移)7个,阴性病灶3个(假阴性),其中纵隔转移1个,颈淋巴结转移2个,131Ⅰ全身显像灵敏度76.92%,特异性lOO%,阳性预期值90.9%.结论 当DTC患者上血清Tg处于低水平状态时,如果TgAb水平持续升高,可以作为诊断DTC转移或复发的一个有价值的肿瘤标志物.18F-FDG SPECT符合线路显像对DTC复发和转移较敏感,可用于血清TgAb浓度升高而Tg水平阴性时的DTC复发和转移的监测.     

分化型甲状腺癌肺转移灶放射性碘治疗临床疗效评估

目的:通过监测放射性~(131)I显像、甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)值及胸部CT评估分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)肺转移患者~(131)I治疗疗效。方法:回顾分析在河南省人民医院核医学科行~(131)I治疗的42例DTC肺转移患者,通过动态监测~(131)I显像、Tg值和胸部CT等评价~(131)I治疗肺转移灶的疗效。结果:42例患者中,5例临床治愈,20例好转,有效率59.5%(25/42);17例无效或病情进展,无效率40.5%(17/42)。单纯按~(131)I显像、胸部CT、Tg值判断,治疗有效率分别为64.3%(27/42)、71.4%(30/42)和59.5%(25/42)。治疗前后Tg值比较有统计学差异(Z=-2.026,P=0.043)。结论:~(131)I能较为有效地治疗和控制DTC肺转移病灶。Tg值异常升高,经~(131)I治疗后无明显降低,提示~(131)I治疗疗效欠佳。~(131)I显像、Tg值、胸部CT动态监测是查找肺转移和评价~(131)I治疗疗效的重要指标。     

超声联合血清Tg、SPECT/CT诊断分化型甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结转移

目的 探讨高频超声结合血清甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）、SPECT/CT诊断分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）术后颈淋巴结转移的价值。方法 收集185例经手术病理证实的 DTC患者,于¹³¹I治疗前常规行甲状腺床区及颈部淋巴结超声扫查,并检查血清Tg;¹³¹I治疗1周后行¹³¹I全身扫描,SPECT颈部断层与同机CT图像融合;结合各项检查、淋巴结穿刺活检及临床随访等确定转移淋巴结。结果 共确诊60例DTC颈部转移,其中超声发现转移淋巴结41例（41/60,68.33%）,SPECT/CT发现45例（45/60,75.00%）,血清Tg阳性25例（25/60,41.67%）。超声与SPECT/CT对颈部淋巴结转移的检出率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,与血清Tg差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。超声诊断颈淋巴结转移符合率为78.92%（146/185）,SPECT/CT诊断符合率为82.70%（153/185）,超声联合血清Tg及SPECT/CT的诊断符合率为88.11%（163/185）。结论 超声对于诊断DTC术后颈淋巴结转移有重要价值,结合血清TG、SPECT/CT有助提高颈淋巴结转移检出率。     

甲状腺球蛋白测定和131I-全身显像在综合治疗分化型甲状腺癌随访中的价值

目的:探讨血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)和131I-全身显像(131I-WBS)联合检查在分化型甲状腺癌(differentiatedthyroidcarcinoma,DTC)患者手术+131I治疗后随访中的临床价值。方法:55例DTC患者术后3～4周行131I清除残余甲状腺组织治疗(以下简称"清甲"),131I治疗前及随访时用RIA法各测定1次血清Tg,同时口服131I111～185MBq(平均133.8MBq)48h后,和(或)口服治疗剂量131I3.7～5.55GBq(平均4.5GBq)5～7d后做全身显像。结果:24例经临床证实有复发或转移的DTC患者中,11例(45.8%)Tg>10ng/mL,21例(87.5%)131I-WBS阳性,只有8例(33.3%)患者Tg和131I-WBS同时阳性。结论:DTC经手术+131I治疗后,常规进行Tg测定和131I-WBS检查,对尽早发现复发或有无转移、决策131I治疗方案以及评估131I疗效具有重要的临床价值。     

99mTcO4-SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌术后残留甲状腺组织的评估价值

目的:探讨99mTcO4-甲状腺SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者术后残甲及颈部腺外转移灶的评估价值。方法:入组240例拟行术后131I清甲治疗的DTC患者。患者131I治疗前行99mTcO4-甲状腺SPECT/CT显像,服131I后5天行SPECT/CT全身扫描,必要时行颈部断层扫描。把131I显像结果作为标准,评价99mTcO4-甲状腺SPECT/CT显像对术后残甲和颈部腺外转移灶的评估价值。结果:99mTcO4-甲状腺SPECT/CT显像对DTC患者术后残甲评价的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为83.7%、89.5%、84.2%、98.9%、32.1%;其对DTC患者术后颈部腺外转移灶评估的灵敏度为40.2%。结论:99mTcO4-甲状腺SPECT/CT显像可作为DTC患者清甲治疗前对残甲的评估检查方法;但在发现颈部腺外转移灶的敏感度方面尚不如131I显像。     

血清Tg测定和131I-全身显像在分化型甲状腺癌患者清除甲状腺后随访中的价值

目的探讨在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者清除甲状腺后随访中,测定血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)和131I全身显像(WBS)的临床价值。方法选择96例在湖北省襄阳市中心医院行甲状腺全切或部分切除术,后经131I去除残余甲状腺的DTC患者,口服诊断剂量131I后进行全身显像,并采用放射免疫分析(RIA)法测定血清Tg含量。结果 96例患者中经临床确诊复发或转移48例,其中Tg≤2ng/mL 9例(18.37%);Tg在2～10ng/mL 7例(46.67%);Tg≥10ng/mL 32例(100.00%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清Tg和131I-WBS联合检测,灵敏度为100.0%,特异性为84.2%,准确度为90.5%,阳性预测值87.9%,阴性预测值为100.0%。结论血清Tg和131I-WBS是DTC术后随访的重要参考指标,联合检测对判断DTC术后是否转移或复发有重要监测价值。     

分化型甲状腺癌患者131I治疗后胸腺显影伴甲状腺球蛋白升高的临床分析

目的 分析分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者¹³¹I清除术后残留甲状腺组织治疗后¹³¹I全身扫描（¹³¹I-WBS）胸腺异常碘摄取并伴甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）升高的发生率,探讨胸腺碘摄取及其对Tg升高的影响机制。方法 回顾性分析316例接受¹³¹I-WBS检查的DTC患者¹³¹I-WBS影像及实验室检查资料,观察胸腺异常放射性碘摄取情况及血清Tg水平。结果 316例患者共735例次¹³¹I-WBS检查中,4例患者共5例次显像可见胸腺异常放射性碘摄取,占0.68%（5/735）,均为治疗剂量全身扫描（Rx-WBS）条件下,且均为第2次¹³¹I治疗后出现胸腺异常放射性碘摄取,其中1例患者在第3次¹³¹I治疗后仍出现胸腺异常放射性碘摄取。3例患者共4例次Rx-WBS检查前血清Tg水平升高,分别为13.80 μg/L、＞ 300.00 μg/L、16.40 μg/L、20.60 μg/L。结论 ¹³¹I清除术后残留甲状腺组织治疗后Tg升高患者¹³¹I-WBS仅上纵隔处出现异常摄取时,应注意排除胸腺原因所致可能,以避免不当治疗。     

癌症患者未成年子女心理行为问题的研究进展

随着恶性肿瘤的患病人群越来越年轻化以及晚婚晚孕的大趋势,越来越多的癌症患者不仅需要抗癌还需要照护未成年子女。研究显示,癌症患者未成年子女通常会存在各种生理、心理和行为问题,如焦虑、抑郁、社交恐惧、躯体疼痛、失眠和暴力倾向等,但我国研究者并未重视这一群体。青少年是国家的未来,青少年时期正是性格养成的重要阶段,同样也是心理行为问题出现的高发期。因此,研究癌症患者未成年子女的心理行为问题的成因,并开发符合我国文化背景的理论模型和干预措施至关重要。     

《2021年AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR胸痛评估与诊断指南》解读

美国心脏协会等七大协会于2021年10月28日首次联合发布了《2021年AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR胸痛评估与诊断指南》.此次指南强调了急性胸痛风险分层和诊断流程,考虑了低风险胸痛诊断检查的成本经济效益,并建议与患者共享决策.该指南主要涉及胸痛初始评估、以患者为中心的急性胸痛诊治流程和稳定型胸痛患者的评估.该文通过文献查阅,对指南推荐要点进行详细解读.     

Residual /s/ and /r/ distortions: The perspective of the speaker

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of residual distortions from the perspective of the speaker. Eighty adult speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with a distortion of the alveolar fricative /s/, the alveolar tap , or both, completed a questionnaire that documented their therapy history, awareness of the speech distortion, and perceived impact of the disorder. Only a small number of the participants reported that they received negative reactions to their speech and only a minority were of the opinion that their speech interfered with work or social life. Yet a considerable number were of the opinion that their speech was different from that of other people and felt insecure in speech situations. The results suggest that there is a high tolerance toward minor speech errors in present day society that may be related to the fact that such disorders are not at all rare.     

Residual /s/ and /r/ distortions: the perspective of the speaker

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of residual distortions from the perspective of the speaker. Eighty adult speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with a distortion of the alveolar fricative /s/, the alveolar tap /[symbol: see text]/, or both, completed a questionnaire that documented their therapy history, awareness of the speech distortion, and perceived impact of the disorder. Only a small number of the participants reported that they received negative reactions to their speech and only a minority were of the opinion that their speech interfered with work or social life. Yet a considerable number were of the opinion that their speech was different from that of other people and felt insecure in speech situations. The results suggest that there is a high tolerance toward minor speech errors in present day society that may be related to the fact that such disorders are not at all rare.     

Articulatory characteristics of the occlusion phase of /t/ compared to /t/ in adult speech

This study used electropalatography (EPG) to investigate articulatory characteristics of /t/ and /t/ occlusion in order to provide normative data to be used for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with speech disorders. EPG data from the EUR-ACCOR database were analysed for nonsense VCV sequences containing /t/ and /t/ in nine vowel contexts for seven English speaking adults. The main results of this study are that all speakers had a significantly more posterior placement for /t/ compared to /t/ and that placement was stable during the occlusion phase of both /t/ and /t/. For most speakers, the occlusion phase was longer for /t/ compared to /t/, the occlusion phase generally involved more EPG contact and was slightly more variable in /t/ compared to /t/, but these differences were not statistically significant for all speakers. The implications of the results for diagnosing and treating speech disorders are discussed.     

Comparative Absorption of Ferri-Haemoglobin-59Fe/Ferro-Haemoglobin-59Fe and 59Fe3+/59Fe2+ in Humans with Normal and Depleted Iron Stores*

Abstract. The intestinal ⁵⁹Fe absorption from ferri- and ferro-haemogIobin-⁵⁹Fe and ⁵⁹Fe³⁺ and ⁵⁹Fe⁺ was calculated from whole body-⁵⁹Fe-retention measurements in subjects with normal and depleted iron stores. A ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe/ferro-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption ratio of 1.03 ±0.11 was observed for the absorption of ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe (8.6± 0.77%) and ferro-haemogIobin-⁵⁹Fe (8.7±0.94%) in persons with normal iron stores. Depletion of iron stores caused a slight but significant higher rise of ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption (22 ± 1.7%) than the increase of ferro-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption (18 ±0.9%) so that the absorption ratio was 1.24±0.073.—This remarkable iron valence independence of haemoglobin iron absorption is in considerable contrast to the well-established valence dependence of inorganic iron absorption which favours ferrous iron absorption especially with rising iron doses. The ⁵⁹Fe³⁺/⁵⁹Fe²⁺ absorption ratio for a diagnostic 0.56 mg Fe dose increased from 0.43 in subjects with normal iron stores to 0.74 in persons with depleted iron stores, whereas this absorption ratio was augmented only from 0.21 to 0.28 for the therapeutic 50 mg Fe-dose.—The different influence of iron valence on iron absorption from inorganic and haemoglobin iron supports other evidence for the existence of two separate mechanisms for ferrous iron and haem iron absorption in humans.     

The Serology of Rho Variants (Rho)

Eighty-two Rh_o samples were tested with a battery of ten anti-Rh_o sera by the antiglobulin, bromelin and albumen replacement technics. The varying ability of different anti-Rh_o sera to react with Rh_o variant cells was clearly demonstrated. Anti-Rh_o used for the detection of Rh_o variants should be specially selected for this purpose. It is suggested that the Rh_o factor results from a genetically determined absence or abnormality of the primary Rh_o factor, and the serologic reactions characterizing it are dependent on the reactions of the subsidiary factors Rh^A, Rh^B, Rh^C, and Rh^D.