健康青年血浆超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化脂质水平的近日节律变化

测定９例健康青年２４小时血浆自由基清除剂超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及自由基代谢产物过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）的浓度变化，并应用时间生物学方法对所得数据进行分析，以探讨ＳＯＤ和丙二醛的节律变化特征。结果：血浆ＳＯＤ变化具有明显的近日节律特征（Ｐ＜０．００１），峰值相位（φ）在２１∶１７点，节律调整中值（Ｍ）为３９７５．３±６８０ｕ／ｇＨｂ，振幅（Ａ）为２７３．６２ｕ／ｇＨｂ，血浆ＬＰＯ变化也表现出近日节律特性（Ｐ＜０．０１，φ＝１５∶１５，Ｍ＝４．２３±０．８６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ａ＝２．３７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。该研究结果为临床有关疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供了重要的时间生物学参考值     

微量血光氧化增强法检测超氧歧化酶及其儿科临床应用

对光氧化增强法检测超氧歧化酶（Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ，ＳＯＤ）方法学上的研究，和进一步推广ＳＯＤ在临床上的应用，摸索建立用微量血法（６０μｌ全血），证实了一般采血法和微量采血法在统计学上呈直线相关（ｒ＝０．９０６７）；并对微量法进行了重复性试验（变异系数ＣＶ＝５．６３％），回收试验（回收率为９９．９％），表明该法重复性良好，稳定、灵敏度高。应用微量法对５０例正常小儿（不同年龄）红细胞ＳＯＤ测定：６月～组（３４７６７．６±８０６．２ｕ／ｇＨｂ），２岁～组（４０５４±９７１ｕ／ｇＨｂ，４～６岁组（４３７９±９５２ｕ／ｇＨｂ）。发现６月～组、２岁～组和４～６岁组ＲＢＣＳＯＤ含量有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），而２岁～组和４～６岁组儿童ＲＢＣＳＯＤ含量无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。６例先天性心脏病体外循环心内直视手术患儿术后ＲＢＣＳＯＤ含量明显高于术前（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

健身跑对老年人超氧化物歧化酶及其同功酶活性和过氧化脂质的影响

对６８名坚持２年以上健身跑锻炼的老年人和不参加锻炼的同龄老年人（对照组）进行比较观察的结果表明：健身跑组的红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及血清总Ｔ－ＳＯＤ，Ｃｕ·Ｚｕ－ＳＯＤ，Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ均比对照组显著提高（Ｐ〈０．０１），而过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）；跑龄的长短与Ｔ－ＳＯＤ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．５４）；与ＬＰＯ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５２）。表明坚持长期健身跑可增强机体对自由基损伤的…     

超氧化物歧化酶对大鼠感染性脑损伤的内源性保护作用

测定脑组织丙二醛（ Ｍ Ｄ Ａ） 和３ 种超氧化物歧化酶（ Ｔ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ, Ｃｕ Ｚｎ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 及 Ｍｎ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ） 活性在大鼠百日咳杆菌脑损伤中的变化,探讨 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 的内源性脂质抗氧化作用。结果显示：菌液组（４ ｈ ,２４ ｈ） 脑含水量（ Ｗ Ｃ） 、伊文思蓝含量（ Ｅ Ｂ） 及 Ｍｎ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 活性均 高于盐 水对照 组, Ｔ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 和 Ｃｕ Ｚｎ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 活性 低于 盐水组（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０ １） , Ｍ Ｄ Ａ 在菌液４ ｈ 组明显增高, 并分别与 Ｗ Ｃ 和 Ｅ Ｂ 呈显著正相关（ ｒ ＝ ０ ．９ ６５ ０ ,ｒ ＝ ０ ．９ ４４ １ , Ｐ 均 ＜ ０ ．０ １ ） ; 菌液２ ４ ｈ 组 Ｍｎ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 活性增高分别与 Ｗ Ｃ, Ｅ Ｂ 及 Ｍ Ｄ Ａ 呈显著负相关（ ｒ ＝ － ０ ．８６５０ ,ｒ ＝ － ０ ．９０２１ ,ｒ ＝ － ０ ．９３４６ , Ｐ 均＜ ０ ．０１ ） 。表明 Ｍｎ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 的合成增加在迟发性感染性脑损伤的内源性保护机制中起着重要作用。     

血清α－L－岩藻糖苷酶活力测定对原发性肝癌的诊断意义

测定了原发性肝癌７７例（ＰＨＣ组），肝硬化３５例（ＤＣ组），消化系统其他恶性肿瘤患者３３例（ＤＳＣ组）及健康人１００例（ＮＣ组）血清α－Ｌ－岩藻糖苷酶（ＡＦＵ）活力。结果表明：ＰＨＣ组ＡＦＵ（６６９．６±１９１．５ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１））显著高于ＮＣ组（３１４．３±６７．０ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１），Ｐ＜０．０１），ＤＳＣ组（３９０．６±１０２．３ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１），Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＤＣ组（４５８．３±１５０．１ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１），Ｐ＜０．０５）。其诊断敏感性和特异性分别为７１．４％和８９．３％，与ＡＦＰ联合检测时ＰＨＣ组总的阳性检出率达８８．２％。     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者血浆内皮素—1水平与肺血流动力学的关系

通过右心漂浮导管检测了２０例临床缓解期慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者的血流动力学参数，并用放射免疫分析法分别测定了体动脉和肺动脉血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）水平。结果显示：体动脉血浆ＥＴ－１水平（５７．００±８．８９）ｐｇ／ｍｌ小于肺动脉血浆ＥＴ－１水平（７５．９２±１７．３６）ｐｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．００１）：ＣＯＰＤ并ＰＡＨ组肺动脉混合静脉血浆ＥＴ－１水平的（８３．９０±１７．１２）ｐｇ／ｍｌ明显高于ＣＯＰＤ非ＰＡＨ组肺动脉混合静脉血浆ＥＴ－１水平（６２．７３±４．４３）ｐｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；肺动脉混合静脉血浆ＥＴ－１水平与肺动脉平均压（ＰＡＰｍ）及肺血管阻力（ＰＶＲ）呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．８８，Ｐ＜０．００１；ｒ＝０．０８１，Ｐ＜０．００１），与心输出量（ＣＯ）、氧饱和度（ＳＡＴ％）呈显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．４７，Ｐ＜０．０５：ｒ＝－０．７９，Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示ＥＴ－１在ＣＯＰＤ并ＰＡＨ的发生发展中起着重要的病理生理学作用。     

LPO、MDA、SOD、GSH－PX测定对脑外伤高压氧治疗的疗效评估

对４０例脑外伤患者进行了高压氧治疗，并在治疗前后进行了血清过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）的测定。结果：治疗前ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ分别为：８．０４±１．２５（μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、７．３５±０．２０（ｎＭ／ｍｌ）、８８．３０±１５．２０（Ｎｕ／ｍｌ）、１７１．５６±２８．２０（ｕ），治疗后为５．３５±１．７５（ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ），４．８５±１．２０（ｎＭ／ｍｌ），９７．４４±２１．０２（Ｎｕ／ｍｌ），１８８．８５±４５．５５（ｕ）。治疗前病人组ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ含量明显高于健康组，而ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活力则明显低于健康组。治疗后随着症状体征的消失，ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ明显降低，而ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ逐渐升高，四项指标均向正常范围逆转。且ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ已接近正常值（Ｐ＞０．０５）．故ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ的测定可做为高压氧治疗脑外伤的有价值的疗效判断指标而用于临床。     

大鼠小肠缺血／再灌注休克中一氧化氮,内皮素检测及意义

目的：观察一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对大鼠小肠缺血／再灌注（Ｉ／Ｒ）的作用及内皮素的改变。方法：复制内脏血管阻塞（ＳＡＯ）性休克模型,用左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）及硝基精氨酸甲脂（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）处理动物模型后分别测定血浆中ＥＴｓ、ＭＤＡ、组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）、ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３含量。结果：Ｌ－Ａｒｇ减缓了大鼠Ｉ／Ｒ血压下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,降低了血浆ＭＰＯ、ＬＤＨ、ＣＤ、ＭＤＡ的含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）及肠组织中伊文思蓝（ＥＢ）的含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ与Ｌ－Ａｒｇ相反。ＭＰＯ与ＥＢ正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３与ＥＴｓ负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＮＯ对小肠Ｉ／Ｒ损伤有保护作用,ＥＴｓ参与ＳＡＯ休克过程。     

外周血中性粒细胞观察急性心肌梗塞氧自由基的意义

观察１５例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者外周血中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）化学发光，比较化学发光本底、峰值、斜率、积分与ＰＭＮ数量、吞噬指数、血清中肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量的关系。结果发现，外周血ＰＭＮ化学发光峰值、积分与ＰＭＮ数量、吞噬指数、ＣＫ、ＬＰＯ含量成显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７８～０．９４，Ｐ＜０．００１），与ＳＯＤ含量成显著负相关（ｒ分别＝－０．７９，－０．８，Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＰＭＮ细胞吞噬指数与ＰＭＮ数量、ＣＫ、ＬＰＯ含量成显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７９～０．８７，Ｐ＜０．００１），与ＳＯＤ含量成负相关（ｒ＝－０．５３，Ｐ＜０．０５），提示利用外周血象，结合单个ＰＭＮ的吞噬功能，以排除其它因素引起ＰＭＮ数量增高而造成ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ峰值、积分升高假象，可估测ＡＭＩ患者病情及预后。     

高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗与血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1的关系

目的：研究高血压病（ｅｓｅｎｔｉａｌｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ,ＥＨ）病人胰岛素抵抗（ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ＩＳＲ）与纤溶酶原激活物抑制物１（ＰＡＩ１）的关系。方法：ＥＨ病人５９例,正常对照４６例。测定血浆ＰＡＩ１、ｔＰＡ（组织型纤溶酶原激活物）、空腹血糖（ＧＬＵ）、胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）、血尿酸（ＵＡ）、体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、腹围／臀围比（ＷＨＲ）等指标。结果：ＥＨ病人ＩＳＩ（用空腹血糖与胰岛素乘积的倒数表示）较正常对照组下降（－５．４±０．５ｖｓ－３９±０．８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。血浆ＰＡＩ１较对照组升高［（２９±８）ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ｖｓ（２４±５）ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,Ｐ＜０．０１］。在高血压组中单相关分析表明ＰＡＩ１与ＷＨＲ（ｒ＝０．３６９,Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＧＬＵ（ｒ＝０．５６３,Ｐ＜０．００１）正相关,与ＩＳＩ（ｒ＝－０．３０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＨＤＬＣ（ｒ＝－０．４１７,Ｐ＜０．０１）、ｔＰＡ（ｒ＝－０．４９９,Ｐ＜０．００１）负相关。以ＢＭＩ、ＷＨＲ、ＩＳＩ、ＨＤＬＣ、ＬＤＬ     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.