双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测血吸虫病人循环抗原对疗…

本文应用Ｓ－ＥＬＩＳＡ在血吸虫病传播已虱到基本控制，而且再感染的可能性非常小的地区，对同批病人治疗前后的ＣＡｇ和ＣＡｂ进行了同步检测，结果：治疗前及治疗后８，１２，１８个月其血清ＣＡＧ阳性率分别为９０．３２％，８１．８２％，３３．３３％和１８．１８％。随着治后时间的延长，ＣＡＧ的阴转率显著提高，在治疗后１２个月大部分转阴，１８个月几乎全部转阴，而ＣＡｂ治疗后未见明显下降。     

Dot－ELISA检测抗原与IHA、COPT检测抗体诊断血吸虫病的比较

本文比较了斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测循环抗原，间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）、环卵沉淀试验（ＣＯＰＴ）检测抗体诊断血吸虫病的效果。１２例急性血吸虫病患者血清３种方法检测均为阳性；２７７例慢性血吸虫病患者血清３种方法检测阳性率分别为７９．４２％、６４．６２％和６３．１８％。１４例华支睾吸虫病患者血清和８９例健康人血清Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测均为阴性。１０例急性血吸虫病患者，在离开流行区经吡喹酮治疗后３７周时粪检全部转阴，检测血清循环抗原４例转阴，其余６例滴度大幅度下降；ＩＨＡ检测３例转阴，其余７例几何平均倒数滴度（ＧＭＲＴ）由４７．５７降至９．３５；ＣＯＰＴ检测平均环沉率由２１．５％降至４．１２％。结果表明Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血吸虫循环抗原具有较好的敏感性和特异性。这３种方法在血吸虫病诊断及疗效考核中均有一定价值。     

联合检测循环抗原和抗体在血吸虫病基本控制地区应用价值…

血吸虫病基本控制地区７岁以上的人群共８４７名为检测对象，应用抗日本血吸虫ＣＣＡ单克隆抗体Ⅲ Ｄ１０建立的Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血虫循环抗原（ＣＡｇ），以ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩＨＡ检测循环抗体（ＣＡｂ）。结果ＣＡｇ的阳性检出率为３．１９％，ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩＨＡ检测ＣＡｂ的阳性检出率分别为６．２６％和９．４５％，两者的检出率间差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＣＡｇ与ＣＡｂ（ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩＨＡ检测）的联合检出率分别     

酶联免疫印渍法检测脑囊虫病人循环抗原的研究

用ＭｃＡｂ－ＥＬＩＢ检测脑囊虫病人血清中ＣＡｇ，并与ＤＡＢＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ进行了比较，其阳性率分别为８９．２％和８１．１％。４０例正常人，３０例单纯绦虫病患者及２９例包虫病人血清，用ＭｃＡｂ－ＥＬＩＢ检测囊虫ＣＡｇ，除１例包虫病患者呈轻度交叉反应外均为阴性。结果表明本法具有高特异性与敏感性。对５７例接受阿苯达唑治疗的脑囊虫病人，用ＭｃＡｂ－ＥＬＩＢ法及ＤＡＢＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ于治疗后１年内检测血清中ＣＡｇ，累计检出率分别为４３．９％及２２．８％。表明ＭｃＡｂ－ＥＬＩＢ法测ＣＡｇ具有更好的疗效考核价值。     

联合检测循环抗原和抗体在血吸虫病基本控制地区应用价值的研究

血吸虫病基本控制地区７岁以上的人群共８４７名为检测对象，应用抗日本血吸虫ＣＣＡ单克隆抗体ⅢＤ１０建立的Ｄｅｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血吸虫循环抗原（ＣＡｇ），ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩＨＡ检测循环抗体（ＣＡｂ）。结果ＣＡｇ的阳性检出率为３．１９％，ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩＨＡ检测ＣＡｂ的阳性检出率分别为６．２６％和９．４５％，两者的检出车间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＡｇ与ＣＡｂ（ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩＨＡ检测）的联合检出率分别为６．８５％和１０．５１％，两者联合检测能提高检出率。     

血吸虫病患者血清CIC解离后特异性抗原／抗体检测的研究

将受检者血清免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）用改进方法解离后，以多克隆、单克隆抗体（ＰｃＡｂ、ＭｃＡｂ）及可溶性血吸虫卵抗原（ＳＥＡ）作ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血吸虫特异性抗原（Ａｇ）及抗体（Ａｂ）。结果表明，检测ＣＩＣ解离后的Ａｇ（称为非游离性循环抗原，ＮＦ一ＣＡｇ）和Ａｂ（称为非游离性循环抗体，ＮＦ一ＣＡｂ），均显示满意的特异性和敏感性；用抗ＳＥＡ一ＰｃＡｂ与抗ＳＥＡ一ＭｃＡｂ和抗ＣＣＡ一ＭｃＡｂ对比检测ＮＦ一ＣＡｇ时，显示相似的检测效果；该法具有诊断病人和考核治疗效果的价值，且有互补诊断血吸虫病的效果。血清中ＣＩＣ解离后检测血吸虫特异性的ＮＦ一ＣＡｇ／ＮＦ一ＣＡｂ可望成为血吸虫病血清学诊断的新途径。     

感染丝虫的母亲对子代免疫应答的影响─丝虫循环抗原检测比较

应用抗牛丝虫多抗ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法检测皖北丝虫病流行区１１９对产妇及其婴儿脐带血清和１７０对妇女及其子女血清中丝虫循环抗原（ＦＣＡｇ），其中阳性２３１例，阳性率为４０．０％（２３１／５７８）。８３例微丝蚴（ｍｆ）阳性者中６７例检出ＦＣＡｇ，阳性符合率为８０．７％（６７／８３）。５４例ＦＣＡｇ阳性产妇中３３例婴儿脐带血清中检出ＦＣＡｇ，阳性符合率为６１．１％（３３／５４）。表明母体ＦＣＡｇ有可能通过胎盘屏障进入胎儿体内。８４例ＦＣＡｇ阳性妇女中３５例子女血清中检出ＦＣＡｇ，阳性符合率为４１．７％（３５／８４）。肺吸虫病和日本血吸虫病患者假阳性率分别为２．５％和１６．７％。５０名健康大学生的ＦＣＡｇ检测均为阴性。     

免疫诊断技术用于姜片虫病流行病学调查的研究──Ⅱ.快速SPA-ELISA用于实验诊断及疗效考核

用姜片虫成虫纯化抗原（ＰＡＡ，１μｇ／ｍｌ）预包被的ＰＳ微量反应板作快速ＳＰＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ。以本法与常规ＥＬＩＳＡ平行检测姜片虫病人滤纸干滴血４０份，前者的阳性率为９５．０％，后者为９２．５％，二者无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．１）。以本法检测流行区献血员及非流行区健康检查者血清各４０份，假阳性率分别为１０％（４／４０）和５％（２／４０）；与日本血吸虫病和长膜壳绦虫病患者血清的交叉反应率分别为１２．５％（５／４０）和２５．０％（１／４）；与肺吸虫病和肝吸虫病患者血清之间未出现交叉反应。检测８１例姜片虫病患者治疗前后不同时间血清抗体的变化，提示驱虫后血清特异性抗体下降较快：在治疗后３个月，阳性反应阴转率为８６．６７％（６５／７５）；半年后的阴转率高达９６．００％（７２／７５）。研究结果表明：快速ＳＰＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ不仅敏感性高、特异性较强，而且具有考核疗效的价值。同常规ＥＬＩＳＡ相比，本法反应快速，整个试验过程仅需１小时左右。     

Dot—ELISA检测抗原与IHA,COPT检测抗体诊断血吸虫病的比较

本文比较了斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测循环抗原，间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ），环卵沉淀试验（ＣＯＰＴ）检测抗体诊断血吸虫病的效果，１２例急性血吸虫病患者血清３种方法检测均为阳性，２７７例慢性血吸虫病患者血清３种方法检测阳性率分别为７９．４２％，６４．６２％和６３．１８％，１４例华支睾吸虫病患者血清和８９例健康人血清Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测均为阴性，１０例急性血吸虫病患者，在离开流行区经吡     

应用单克隆抗体检测血吸虫病人血清特异性循环免疫复合物的初步研究

抗血吸虫ＭｃＡｂ应用于ＥＬＩＳＡ（ＭｃＡｂ一ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测血吸虫病人血清中抗原特异性ＣＩＣ，并与其提取的ＣＩＣ沉淀物为对照，二者结果完全相同。另与“抗原非特异性”ＣＩＣ检测法（ＰＥＧ法）作对照。慢件血吸虫病患者６７例，ＭｃＡｂ一ＥＬＩＳＡ有４６例呈阳性反应（６８．７％），２１例呈阴性反应（３１．３％），对肺吸虫病患者５９例、健康人２３例全部呈阴性反应；而ＰＥＧ法，肺吸虫病患者全部呈假阳性反应，健康人６例呈假阳性反应（２６％）。初步结果表明，ＭｃＡｂ一ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清ＣＩＣ具有较高的抗原特性。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.