天津市社区居民精神卫生知识知晓率及相关因素

目的评估天津市社区居民精神卫生知识知晓水平和影响因素。方法在2011年天津市精神障碍患病率调查社区居民样本中随机抽取12%填写《精神卫生知识问卷》。按照基础设计权重和事后分层权重调整精神卫生知识知晓率,分析《精神卫生知识问卷》总分的影响因素。结果 1615名社区居民完成了调查。以12分(问卷条目回答正确率60%)作为"知晓"标准时对应的社区人群精神卫生知识知晓率为71.19%(95%CI:71.12%~71.26%)。单因素分析显示居住地(城市vs.农村)、民族、年龄、家庭人均收入、受教育年限、家庭成员最高受教育程度等6个因素对精神卫生知识问卷得分的影响具有统计学显著性。多元线性回归模型分析显示城乡、年龄、受教育年限等3个因素是精神卫生知识知晓水平的影响因素。结论天津市社区居民的精神卫生知晓率偏低,应在重点人群加强宣教预防精神障碍的知识。     

上海社区居民心理健康状况调查

目的调查社区居民一般心理健康,为制定相关的政策和行动措施提供参考数据和科学依据。方法根据现场调研信息,编制成套调查问卷,在上海三个街道对1317名居民进行了调查。结果15.9%的社区居民可能有心理问题,无业、待业、下岗和退休人员,低文化者,城市贫困者,精神或心理疾病罹患者的家属成员等为心理问题发生的高危人群,且有心理问题者多在社区卫生服务中心和综合性医院就医。结论加强和有效开展社区和综合性医院精神卫生服务是今后长期目标和主要任务。     

1783名普通人群精神卫生知识知晓率调查结果及分析

目的普及精神卫生知识,了解现阶段精神卫生知识知晓率,比较前一次的调查有针对性的开展下一步精神卫生宣传.方法全市各区县定点随机调查过路行人,共调查有效问卷1783份.结果基本知晓率为17.7%;部分知晓率为51.2%;31.1%为较少知晓,并且知晓程度与性别、年龄、文化程度有关;较上次调查知晓率总体情况有所上升.结论通过努力本市市民对普通精神卫生知识知晓情况正在逐步提高,但对精神疾病及其症状的认识仍显不足,提示精神卫生的宣传和健康促进教育有待进一步加强.     

长沙市民精神卫生知识知晓率调查分析

目的了解长沙市城乡居民精神卫生的知晓现状,同时为精神卫生知识的宣传和普及提供参考,也为精神卫生法更好地实施提供依据。方法采用整群随机调查的方法,在雨花区的两个社区和望城靖港镇的两个自然村发放问卷3100份,收回有效问卷3020份。结果总体基本知晓率为33％,部分知晓率为50％,较少知晓率为17％。多数市民表示理解精神疾病患者并愿意帮助他们。城乡、年龄、职业、文化程度的不同对精神卫生知识的知晓差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论长沙市市民对精神卫生知识知晓情况尚可,可能与长沙市民政局牵头开展的精神病患者社区药物治疗有关,但对精神疾病及其症状认识仍显有不足,精神卫生的宣传和教育仍有待加强。     

上海市社区卫生服务中心精神卫生服务基本情况的调研与分析

目的为了贯彻实施<上海市精神卫生条例>,推动社区卫生服务中心建立精神科门诊或心理健康咨询门诊,更好地为市民提供精神卫生服务,上海市疾控精神卫生分中心开展了对全市社区卫生服务中心精神卫生服务与需求基本情况的调研.方法调研采用表格式登记表登录方式,应用构成比进行相对数分析.结果调研数据显示全市有26.16%的社区卫生服务中心尚未开设精神科/心理健康咨询门诊;社区精神科医生仅208人,其中,中专及以下的学历占55.29%,77.88%的人员是初级职称,约四分之一服务人员从未接受过任何精神卫生方面的培训,这在一定程度上影响了对社区人群的服务.讨论建议各级卫生行政部门应当重视社区卫生服务中心建立精神科/心理健康咨询门诊,并为社区卫生服务人员接受精神疾病知识教育创造条件.     

长沙市普通人群的精神卫生知晓情况

目的评定长沙市公众精神卫生和精神疾病预防知识的知晓情况。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取长沙市辖区随机抽取的2个城市社区和2个农村社区的1660户家庭。从15岁及以上的家庭成员中随机抽取1人进行访谈,完成卫生部推荐的精神卫生知晓率标准问卷（20项）调查。结果1563人完成有效问卷调查,其中男性676人,女性887人,平均年龄（标准差）为41．9（15,9）岁。平均（标准差）应答正确率为68．5％（46．4％）,城市社区平均（标准差）应答正确率[70．5％（13．6％）]高于农村社区应答正确率[66．2％13．5％）]（t=6．18,P〈0．001）。正确应答率与年龄负相关（r=一0．21,P〈0．001）,与文化程度正相关（r=0．28,P〈0．001）,与职业和婚姻状态的差异呈多样相关性。采用逐步回归分析发现文化程度、年龄和职业（农民或工人与其他职业比较）为精神卫生知晓率的独立相关因素。问卷20个条目总体内部一致性及4个分量表的内部一致性偏低（alpha=0．27～0．57）。结论长沙市普通居民精神卫生知识总体知晓率相对较高,但有些方面仍需提高,特别是对于精神疾病病因的认识。公众精神卫生知识的知晓能力随人口学特征不同而有较大差异,因此对不同人群进行特定的精神卫生教育可有效地提高社区居民的精神卫生知识知晓率。今后需修订调查问卷,提高信、效度和内部一致性。     

上海某郊县社区居民卒中知晓率横断面调查

目的 了解上海郊县社区居民对卒中相关知识的知晓现状。 方法 采用现场问卷方式,调查上海市松江区某社区居民对卒中危险因素及早期预警症状的知晓率。 结果 本次调查符合入选标准并领取完成问卷700份,有效问卷659份。①卒中9项危险因素知晓率： 57.2%的被调查者能识别2项以上卒中危险因素,28.0%的被调查者能识别3项以上危险因素,8.0%的 被调查者能识别4项以上危险因素;19.9%～87.6%的被调查者认为高血压、腹型肥胖、吸烟、血脂异 常为卒中危险因素;只有4.0%～10.6%被调查者了解酗酒、心脏病、不良生活、饮食习惯、缺乏锻炼可 导致卒中发生。②早期预警症状知晓情况：社区居民对5项卒中预警症状知晓率为58.1%～70.3%。 结论 上海郊县社区居民对卒中危险因素、对预警症状的综合知晓度不高。提示卒中防治相关的健 康教育对上海郊县社区居民尤为重要     

健康教育对上海社区居民卒中知晓率影响的调查研究

目的 了解上海市虹口区社区居民对卒中相关知识的知晓率，探索健康教育对社区居民卒中相关知识知晓率的影响。方法 参考美国社区卒中预警症状和危险因素知晓率调查研究的内容设计调查问卷，讲座前使用问卷调查上海市虹口区志愿参加本研究的390名社区居民对卒中预警症状和相关危险因素的知晓情况。针对这些人群开展卒中相关知识讲座，发放宣传手册，3～5个月后采用相同方式再次调查其对卒中相关知识的知晓情况。结果 ①第一次调查发现被调查者对10项卒中危险因素的知晓率分别为2%～80%；被调查者对5项卒中预警症状的知晓率分别为51%～63%。②开展健康教育后，被调查者中了解≥2、≥3和≥4项卒中危险因素的比例与第一次调查相比差异有显著性（P值均＜0.0001），了解≥3和≥4项预警症状的被调查者比例与第一次调查相比差异有显著性（P值分别为0.0025和0.0227）。结论 目前上海市虹口区社区居民对卒中相关知识的知晓率不佳；健康教育是提高卒中相关知识知晓率的有效途径。     

社区居民心理卫生服务需求调查

目的了解社区居民对心理卫生的需求状况。方法采用自编社区居民心理卫生需求调查问卷,选取上海市杨浦区10个街道社区卫生服务中心门诊就诊病人及部分社区居民,发放问卷200份。调查内容包括社区居民对开展心理卫生服务的需求状况及目前实际情况等。结果共收回有效问卷195份,81．5％的居民关注心理健康方面的问题,82．6％的社区居民期望在社区开设心理咨询服务点,但只有42．1％居民能够接受收费的心理咨询服务,半数以上的居民期望得到免费的心理咨询服务。在对心理卫生的需求量上,20～34岁社区居民需求最高,为35．5％,其次为35～49岁和50～59岁,分别为26．8％和26．1％,60～85岁社区老人需求量最低,为11．7％。结论社区开展心理卫生服务有较好的发展前景,心理卫生进社区工作政府大有可为。     

上海市市民精神卫生知识知晓率调查:2697份问卷分析

目的普及精神卫生知识,了解知晓程度,有针对性的开展精神卫生宣传.方法全市20个点随机同时调查,发放问卷2830份,收回有效问卷2697份.结果基本知晓率为17.09%;部分知晓率为31.85%;51.06%为较少知晓,并与性别、年龄文化程度有关.多数市民同情和愿意帮助精神疾病患者.结论本市市民对普通精神卫生知识知晓情况并不乐观,对精神疾病及其症状认识不足,精神卫生的宣传和教育亟待加强.     

农村居民对精神卫生知识知晓率及精神疾病有关态度问卷的性别差异

目的分析保定市农村居民对精神卫生知识现状及相关问题的态度,为进一步开展精神卫生工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段、分层、整群随机抽样方法抽取保定市农村居民共1100人,采用卫生部《精神卫生工作指标调查评估方案》制定的精神卫生和心理保健问卷、《病例测验》及精神疾病有关态度问卷进行调查并分析。结果完成调查1055人．其中男380人,女675人。男性及女性对精神卫生与心理保健知识知晓率的差异无统计学意义（66．8％比63．4％;χ^2=1．26,P=0．263）,但两组问卷正确率总分比较差异有统计学意义[（12．71±2．41）比（12．40±2．29）;t=2．10,P=0．036]。男性及女性对精神疾病有关态度问卷总分比较差异无统计学意义[（33．16±8．09）分比（32．65±7．57）分;t=1．01,P=0．311],但部分条目男女之间比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论农村居民对精神卫生知识知晓率低,男女之间也存在差异,应继续加大对农村的宣传力度。     

Differentiating posttraumatic stress between elderly and younger residents

This study aimed to differentiate between the posttraumatic stress responses of elderly and younger community residents who had been exposed to two technological disasters (a train collision and an aircraft crash). One hundred and forty-eight community residents were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results showed that age differences were not affected by impact of disaster (IES), suggesting that elderly and younger community residents responded to the disasters similarly. Instead, the community residents exposed to the aircraft crash experienced significantly more intrusion and avoidance than those exposed to the train collision. Also, the community residents who had experienced high exposure to the disasters had significantly more intrusive thoughts and exhibited significantly more avoidance behavior than the low/medium exposure group. The results also showed no main effects in general health between the elderly and younger community residents, suggesting that their health status was similar. Instead, the community residents exposed to the aircraft crash had significantly more general health problems than the train disaster residents and the control group. Also, the community residents in either the low/medium or the high exposure group experienced more general health problems than the control group. Correlation coefficients showed that intrusion, avoidance, and the total impact of the disasters were significantly correlated with all general health subscales for both elderly and younger groups.     

Community residents and mental health center staff: Assessment of program and priorities

Mental health professionals have emphasized the importance of establishing priorities and goals and gearing the delivery of mental health services to the needs of area residents. Sound View-Throgs Neck Community Mental Health Center of New York has made such an effort to involve the community residents and the mental health center staff in establishing priorities for development of the new program for services in the community. We have outlined the methods of gathering such information, and implementation of the conclusions derived from the survey which has resulted in developing comprehensive children's services and a geriatric program in our catchment area.     

Community determinants of Latinos' use of mental health services

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the role of community in understanding Latino adults' (18-64 years of age) use of community mental health services. METHODS: Service utilization data from the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health were analyzed from 2003 in two service provider areas. Demographic data, including foreign-born status, language, education, and income for the Latino population, were obtained from the 2000 U.S. Census. The study sample consisted of 4,133 consumers of mental health services in 413 census tracts from an established immigrant community and 4,156 consumers of mental health services in 204 census tracts from a recent immigrant community. Negative binomial regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between locales, community characteristics, and use of services. RESULTS: Community of residence and foreign-born status were significantly associated with Latinos' service use. Latinos from the established immigrant community were more likely to use services than Latinos from the recent immigrant community. Across both communities, census tracts with a higher percentage of foreign-born noncitizen residents showed lower service use. Within the established immigrant community, as income levels increased there was little change in utilization. In contrast, in the recent immigrant community, as income levels increased utilization rates increased as well (beta=.001, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings point out the importance of locale and community determinants in understanding Latinos' use of public mental health services.     

The influence of stigma and attitudes on seeking help from a GP for mental health problems

BACKGROUND: Lack of mental health specialists in rural and remote communities suggest that rural communities depend more on general practitioners (GPs) for mental health care. Residents of rural communities are less likely than urban residents to seek help from their GPs for mental health issues. The aim of the current study was to examine whether attitudinal factors including perceived stigma, influenced rural residents seeking help from GPs. METHOD: Help-seeking for psychological issues was retrospectively reported by 300 community residents in rural north-west Victoria. Current distress levels, functional disability, and current or lifetime syndromal disorder were recorded. Attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, perceptions of stigma about mental illness, and belief in helpfulness of GPs, were also measured. RESULTS: Having a positive attitude towards seeking professional help, and believing that a GP would be helpful, were significant predictors of ever having sought help from a GP for mental health problems. Other independent predictors of help-seeking included having a mood, anxiety or substance use disorder, higher distress levels, and greater functional disability due to physical problems. CONCLUSIONS: Seeking help from a GP for psychological problems was predicted by having a positive attitude towards seeking professional psychological help as well as believing a GP would be helpful in treating psychological problems. Illness variables were also strong predictors of help-seeking behaviour. Contrary to expectations, perceived stigma did not influence help-seeking. The findings of this study highlight the important role of GPs in the treatment of mental health problems in the rural community.     

Help-seeking by rural residents for mental health problems: the importance of agrarian values

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of stoicism, self-efficacy and perceived stigma in predicting help-seeking by rural residents, for mental health problems. METHOD: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted with a sample of 467 rural residents (58% female), who completed self-report questionnaires assessing current levels of symptomatology, disability, perceived stigma, self-efficacy, stoicism, attitudes towards and experience of seeking help for psychological problems. RESULTS: Overall, 27.6% (n=129) of respondents had sought help from a general practitioner and/or mental halth professional for psychological problems or a mental health issue. More women than men reported having sought such help. Lifetime help-seeking for a psychological problem or mental health issue was positively associated with higher levels of distress and lower levels of stoicism and, to a lesser extent, lower levels of self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve help-seeking by rural residents for mental health problems should focus on understanding and addressing attitudes, such as stoicism which act as barriers to help-seeking.